Abstract: The subject of the analysis of this paper is the Andean civilization view by the Peruvian author of the XVI century Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, a Quechua Indian by origin, who became a Catholic monk, as well as a translator and mediator between two civilizations: European, personalized by Spanish administration and Catholic Church present in the conquered lands, and Andean civilization, represented by local population speaking native Quechua and other Native American languages. The collision of two worlds is clearly visible in the Chronicle «El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno», which belongs to this author. This literary monument is an invaluable document because it describes in Medieval Spanish a disappearing world left behind, due to the lack of writing, having only artifacts of material culture and proto-hieroglyphic recording tools. The main methods of this research – analysis, synthesis, generalization. Analyzing the statements of the author of the Chronicle, who is trying to reconcile the two worlds, it is possible to recreate the panorama of the life of Andean society of that era and the sociolinguistic situation developed in it. The novelty of the study can be considered the combination of cultural and sociolinguistic approaches in the analysis of the material. The conclusion reached by the authors of the article is that the death of the Andean civilization was inevitable under the onslaught of the European one. But the Andean world, native languages and culture have not disappeared, and today are being revived, since the Peruvian society has formed a request to restore the social functions of native languages in full.

Keywords: Quechua language, Peruvian national version, sociolinguistic situation, segregation, Christian missionary, Poma de Ayala, theocracy, chronicles of the Conquest, Inca empire, Andean civilization

Abstract: In this article, for the first time, the work of Professor E. K. Virsaladze in class on the "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13 by R. Schumann was reviewed and a small performance analysis of her performance in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory was given. The concert took place on April 16, 2010, on the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The author, being a student of her class and an assistant trainee, made notes of the teacher's wishes in the work on the "Symphonic Etudes" by the romantic composer R. Schumann. The suggestions and recommendations expressed by E. K. Virsaladze on "Symphonic Sketches" are presented for the first time and have great practical and artistic value. The author discusses in detail the work on each etude. In his work, the professor pays attention to all means of musical expression: rhythm, strokes, dynamics… Advises a certain fingering, pedal… Such work of a teacher should undoubtedly contribute to obtaining certain performing skills from students for their further development. As an example, the article examines Virsaladze's performance of "Symphonic Etudes" in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory in a concert dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The article is recommended for students of music universities, colleges, colleges preparing for a concert performance of Schumann's works, in particular, "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13.

Keywords: pedal, articulation, accents, dynamics, fingering, rhythm, Symphonic etudes, recommendations, Eliso Virsaladze, performance

Abstract: This article draws parallels between the representations of the classics of Eurasianism and their contemporaries, namely N. K. Roerich, H. I. Roerich and Y. N. Roerich, on the peculiar mid-world that is formed by Russia within and around it. It is indicated that the concept of interrelation of biogeosystems with peoples and civilizations inhabiting them, defined by the Eurasian term “developmental site”, is familiar from natural-philosophic concepts of the earlier period. In the era of the development of the ideas of noospherism, it obtained natural-scientific substantiation and new interpretation not only in L. N. Gumilyov original theory of ethnogenesis, but also in representations of the Russian cosmism, which can be correlated with the scientific-philosophical, literary-artistic heritage of the Roerichs. Unlike geosophy of the Eurasians, the holistic views of Roerichs imparted a rather synthetic character to the historical science. At the same time, Y. N.Roerich distinguished geopsychology as a research instrument for cross-civilizational dialogue. One of the most remarkable episodes in implementation of the Eurasian vision by the Roerichs was their Central Asian expedition and peacekeeping activity, associated with unification of the peoples of Eurasia on the basis of broad cooperation. The article demonstrates the possibility of synthesizing Eurasian theories, spiritual-ethical teachings, and natural scientific research within the framework of integral philosophy for elaboration on the concept of sustainable development. Besides the need for international cooperation, the cultural-philosophical heritage of the Roerichs, which includes “Living Ethics or the Teaching of Life”, infeasibility of evolution of mankind detached from the planet and Cosmos also received its ontological substantiation. Such an in-depth consideration of the fate of Eurasia by the Roerichs, associated with the civilizational foundations of the crossing “Russia — Mongolia — China — India” and the leading role of Siberia in the future, allows filling the gaps in the construction of the classics of Eurasianism and utilize sociocultural potential of Eurasia to the fullest.

Keywords: holism, ecology, globalization, socio-natural history, Living Ethics, Roerichs, Eurasianism, integral philosophy, geopsychology, cosmism

Abstract: This article reviews the universal conceptual system of Ancient China, an intrinsic part of which is the so- called quinary classification or the doctrine of Five Phases of Wuxing, and its impact upon the modern Chinese culture (modernity implies the period from the beginning of the XX century to the present). The doctrine of Five Phases , which emerged during the period of the early categorical thinking (approximately 1045 – 221 BC) and comprised the backbone of the traditional Chinese culture Yinyang and Wuxing (Yinyang Wuxing Wen hua 阴五行文化), continues influencing the life of modern China, having overcome the disastrous consequences of the “Cultural Revolution” of 1966-1976. Within the framework of historical-philosophical research, the author analyzes the two traditional spheres of Chinese culture – martial art Taijiquan and music, revealing the substantial structural components in their theoretical frameworks that indicate the profound conceptual rootedness in the culture Yinyang and Wuxing. It appears that the conceptual framework of Taijiquan includes not only the basic proto-categorical conceptual constructions Yinyang 阴阳, Sancai 三才, and Wuxing 五行, but also the closely related 8 trigrams Bagua 八卦and the magic Lo Shu Square 洛书. It is not a coincidence that the pentatonic system or five colors of Wŭ Sheng 五声 becomes the fundamentals of musical thinking in China. Along with the musical system Shí-èr-lǜ 十二律吕(12 pitches), the pentatonic system is a continuation of the ancient proto-categorical thinking that took foothold in the Chinese mentality.

Keywords: magic square, eight trigrams, taijiquan, quinary classification, basic classifications, protocategorical thinking, Chinese philosophy, Ancient China, Chinese traditional music, pentatonic scale

Abstract: The subject of this research is one of the least advanced and most discussed phenomena of globality. The author assumes that the phenomenon of globality appears to be that core subject, and in globalistics – even the object underlying the global vector of science. It is demonstrated that this ambiguous concept gains more and more relevance as the world is rapidly turning into the global world, influenced by human activity along with natural factors – global processes and constraints. The author examines the meanings of the concept of globality in modern science, and specifically the ongoing transformation of “global” from quality of the subject into “globality” as the object of research; as well as determines the basic forms of the concept of globality within the global cluster of scientific knowledge. The author applies the integrative-interdisciplinary, system and global approaches; historical and evolutionary methods of research; as well as a set of other scientific methods, such as forecasting and studying of future. The article illustrates the main forms of globality: spatial-geographical, spatial-temporal, and qualitative-conceptual. The author also refers to the listed above main forms of globality the existential meaning of the concept of globality, associated with the global risk and global security. The article discusses the peculiar types of globality with regards to global phenomena, mostly on the examples of globalization and global problems. It is suggested that globality manifests as the basic concept for global studies, guiding the vector of scientific inquiry.

Keywords: risk-globalistics, global risks, global problems, global studies, globality, globalistics, globalization, security, sustainability, special types of globality

Abstract: The author attempts to answer the question “Why Russians are so different?” form the sociopolitical and economic points of view. He advances the idea that the major role in formation of peculiarities of Russians’ identity was played by some cultural aspects of the pre-Communist era, but also the political institutions influence of the Soviet Union. The author compares distinctive traits of Russians’ identity with those of the people of developed countries. The author considers such topics of Russians’ cultural identity as: destruction of social capital under the Soviet Union and its influence upon the current social conditions; causes of the problems with establishment of democratic institutions, as well as protection of human rights; historical background of the economic development and influence of the legacy of the Communist regime upon current economic conditions.

Keywords: mentality, identity, Russia, Russian, features, policy, sociology, cultural studies, philosophy, history

Abstract: One of the first significant futuristic concepts concerning the subsequent fate of the Western European civilization and its relationship with other cultures and civilization that emerged in the early XX century are the well-known concepts of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, interpreted in the fundamental philosophical-theoretical works “The Decline of the West” and “A Study of History”. Despite the theoretical depth and high level of originality of these works, many of the positions still carry a polemical character. The nature of current relationship between West and East in many aspects is defined by the globalization process, which in accordance with the logic of development of the human kind leads to the creation of a universal world economic and financial system that, however, due to a number of reasons escalates the previously existed and generates the new obstinate contradictions, part of which have civilizational roots or at least civilizational specificity. This resulted in origination of diverse concepts; some of them of futuristic character, or in other words, structure and substantiate the future world view in the nearest historical perspective, as well as relatively remote. The strong majority of modern peoples currently experiences the significant cultural transformations that concern its foundations, and will only increase in the future that undoubtedly requires their scientific-theoretical contemplation and assessment. This article is an attempt to comprehend the historical transformation of the West, utilizing the views of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee.

Keywords: approach, religion, responce, challenge, moral, culture, civilization, conception, society, history

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of skyscraper as a specific cultural event of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries. A modern skyscraper represents a symbolic condensation of the ley trends of contemporary globalizational culture, manifesting as a peculiar avant-garde of the cultural, political, and economic processes of the indicated timeframe. Indefiniteness of the spatial sizes, height of the skyscrapers is associated with the Tower of Babel that symbolizes the lust for power, and founds its realization in the high-rise buildings of the XX century in both, the countries with socialist and capitalist social structures. Symbolism of the architecture of a skyscraper is interpreted using the hermeneutic and structural methods of analysis that allow revealing the symbolic meaning of the highness as a method of manifestation of power, as well as explicating the “pseudo-paradoxicality” and particular visuality of the contemporary high-rise buildings. Excessiveness of the modern skyscrapers, their visual “transparence” and relative independence from the cultural landscape allow concluding that the phenomenon of skyscraper signifies a cultural and technological avant-garde of globalizational processes of the transformation of modern cultural environment. The scientific novelty consists in demonstrating how such processes, taking place throughout the several recent decades, are able to recode the urban landscape of a modern metropolis in accordance with the model of “total amnesia”.

Keywords: transparency, height, sacralization, power, representation, symbolization, thing, skyscraper, topological amnesia, globalization

Abstract: This article analyzes the results and conclusions of the discussion that took place at 17th Likhachov International Scientific Conference that took place on May 18-20 of 2017 at the St. Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Conference was devoted to the problem of civilizational crisis. The subject of the research lies in comparison of the two provided in the reports approaches towards the problem of crisis. The concept of civilizational crises is being problematized; the author examines its origins in the context of specificity of the modern global world, analyzes difficulties emerging in the path of overcoming the crisis. Two approaches to the crisis presented in the reports of the participants of the discussion are subject to comparison with certain trends of the philosophical-historical descriptions alongside the problems common to the concepts of the Western philosophy of history. The main conclusions of the research can be summarized as follows: there are two opposing understandings of the crisis of civilization – the crisis as transformation and the crisis as stagnation and impossibility of transformation – which are interconnected in their origins; both, the sense of stagnation and the sense of  inevitability of breakage are caused by the awareness of the absence of alternative to the selected path of development, homogenization and unification of the modern world; the desire to overcome the crisis in the way of rationalization of society remains on the existing path of development that leads to crisis; therefore, overcoming the crisis can be associated only with catastrophic events and assumption of a certain irrationality of the action; such irrationality, leading to destruction transformation, manifests as the result of rationalization itself that appears to be self-destructive and causing the sense of crisis.

Keywords: irrational action, rational action, catastrophe, change of paradigm, transformation, crisis of civilization, stagnation, philosophy of history, humanitarian knowledge, deconstruction

Abstract: The article is dedicated to comparative analysis on the material of ancient and Middle Eastern cultures of the essence and beginning of the virtue, as an ethical concept, which guides the spiritual and moral life of human and society, as well as regulates the sociopolitical and economic relations in society. The basis of the comparative analysis lies in Aristotle’s ethical teachings, who suggested a method for studying anatomy of a moral act alongside the interrelation between moral choices and social activities of man. Aristotle proposed a concept of the virtue as of result of the social and ethical thought of antiquity. Such method allowed structuring the understanding of the virtue that have established in Middle Eastern cultures, using the works of S. S. Averintsev and body of texts dedicated to culture of the Hittites. Methodological foundation of the article consists in the concept of value-archetypal complex, which identifies the value determinants of culture: man makes a value choice freely, but within the boundaries of understanding of good and evil set by their culture, which is the axiological system of coordinates that contains his value consciousness. Axiological dominant is the result of solution of the dialectics of spiritual and psychophysical beginnings of human nature, which is based on the initial value choice of a nation at the beginning of their historical path, structured relatively to the absolute values. The author proves that the axiological system of coordinates alongside the axiological dominant of ethnic culture manifest as the origins of the virtue; they are the anchor of the moral action of a human, suggesting the possible options for a value choice.  The following conclusions are made: ethical concepts in ancient and Middle Eastern cultures has a lot in common, as well as differ in multiple ways; common implies the understanding of the virtue as a reasonable constraint of human passions and desires in favor of the common good in society; different implies that human makes a value choice freely, but within the framework of the existing in their culture perception of good and evil, which sets the axiological system of coordinates, which contains his value consciousness. The analysis demonstrates that the axiological system of the Antiquity excludes the suffering side of human nature, whereas axiological system of Middle Eastern culture includes all aspects of human nature. The exception or rather acceptance of the fullness of human nature is related to the axiological dominant of «the value-archetypal complex» of ethnic culture, which also has a decisive influence upon the value choice of a man.

Keywords: value choice, ethics of virtue, virtue, value-archetypal complex, axiological system of coordinates, most favorable government structure, moral act, Aristotle, Ancient Greece, Middle East

Abstract: The subject of this research  is the philosophy of history of  Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev as the founder of “Russian idea”, the problematic of which was principal in reasoning of the representatives of the Russian sociopolitical thought regarding the place of Russia in world civilization, its sociocultural and national identity. Alongside the assessments of the vector of Russian history as a whole and its separate stages, the subject of the analysis is also the character of author’s discourse, which united the perception of history as the synthesis of historical narrative and philosophy of history, fine intuition, and rational analysis. Methodology of research of Chaadayev’s works as the most remarkable representative of Christian historicism suggest the application of interdisciplinary approach, principles of intellectual history, comparative culturology, and retrospective political science. The scientific novelty is defined by specification of the stages of creative evolution of P. Y. Chaadayev, conclusion on similarity of the worldview and theoretical-methodological basis of the delegates of two movements of the “Russian Europeanism” represented by the Westernizers and Slavophiles. Accent is made on the difference of the heuristic value of methodology of P. Y. Chaadayev’s history for the assessment of historical fates of the European and Russian people.

Keywords: Byzantinism, Idealism, Romanticism, Vector of the Russian history , Pyotr Chaadayev, Russian idea, Historiosophy, Catholicism, Slavophiles, Modernization

Abstract: The object of this article is the phenomenon of cosmopolitanism, while the subject is the cosmopolitan vision in interpretation of U. Beck. The author examines the content of the phenomena and varieties of cosmopolitanism and nationalism, as well as correlation between the processes of globalization and cosmopolitanization. The attention is given to the process of formation of cosmopolitan outlook, and its correspondents to the modern imperatives. The author analyzes the social conditions and object factors affecting the process of institutionalization of cosmopolitanism. The article follows the influence of cosmopolitanism upon the area of ethnicity, reaction of national identity and national tradition to the challenges of cosmopolitanism. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of the number of positions that give specific relevance to the analyzed problematic: 1) under the conditions of globalizing world, cosmopolitanism and the adjacent to it phenomena are in ideological and practical demand; 2) existing in space of the national, cosmopolitanism acts in multiple ethnical guises, encouraging its transformation into cosmopolitanisms.

Keywords: national identity, nationalism, universalization, cosmopolitan vision, cosmopolitanization, cosmopolitanism, globalization, local, tradition, multiculturalism

Abstract: At the present stage, when the development of material means of transformation of the surrounding world substantiates the possibilities of the antithetical scenarios of evolution of the planetary socio-natural Universe, the extreme relevance gain the forecasting and practical functions of social sciences, which are called to adequately reflect the changes that take place in society, as well as aim at the positive solution of the new drastically new issues arising before them. The modern social sciences, remaining in the grip of the old-fashioned worldview paradigm, are unable to handle this task. Determination of the conceptual fruitlessness of social sciences should encourage the overcoming of their stagnation. The scientific, historical-philosophical, and specific-historical methods of analysis of conception and development of the Russian philosophy and social sciences in Russia, as well as methodology of paradigm shift of Thomas Kuhn, allow defining the actual reasons of the conceptual fruitlessness of socio-humanitarian sciences that take their roots in the uncritical borrowing of the Western theories of social development, organization of the Russian science and education, and their ideological bias and niche specialization of the social scientists. The sensory-visual change of the human place and role in being of the planetary socio-natural Universe justifies the crucial need for the drastic transformation of the dominant worldview paradigm, which will inevitably lead to the qualitative reformation of the entire combination of the paradigm concepts of social sciences, as well as contribute into their development in a completely new direction for the purpose of achieving the practical goal of the limitless development of a human in space and time.

Keywords: ideology, development, creativity, education, science, paradigm, worldview, philosophy, expertise, denial

Abstract: The subject of this research is the semiotics of images traditionally identifies as the Scythians (existed in Greek, mostly Attic, vase painting during the period of 570-470 BC, which were most numerous among the present in Greek art of the Others), as well specific aspects of their look (tall hat, pants, bow, gorytos), storylines in which they are represented (associated with war or preparation to it alongside the mythology: Trojan War and mythological characters), and connection with the historical events and cultural phenomena. The author makes an attempt of a comprehensive historical-culturological, iconological and semiotic analysis of the images (primarily Attic) vase painting, traditionally identified as “Scythians” during the period of 570-470 BC. The author reviews the main approaches towards identification of their ethnicity, as well as correlation to the specific historical characters and/or events. Scientific novelty consists in the analysis of the images of Scythians in the extensive cultural-historical context, with regards to the specificity of visual arts as a whole and Greek art in particular, seeing it as a certain semiotic environment and means of cognition of the phenomena of reality. The main conclusion is the presence of the following traits in the images of the proverbial Scythians:

Keywords: mythology, syncretism, Ancient Greece, visual art, vase painting, Scythians, The Other, Trojan War, culture, Persian wars

Abstract: Abstract. The culture of consumption in recent years has become the dominant type of culture in Russia and in Western countries. Accordingly, it is the object of study of sociologists and philosophers. Culturologists, psychologists. However, so far not established a unified theory of consumerism and not understood that a wide array of risks and threats to humans and society, which are the result of the spread of consumer culture. The problem of the article is associated with the comprehension of values impact of consumerism on the rise of individualism and the weakening of political activity. This influence is the subject of the research. As a theoretical-methodological basis of the study used the theory of the sociology of consumption, philosophy of culture and social philosophy of modern Russian and foreign authors. Scientific novelty is expressed in the following provisions. Social atomization and de-politicization associated with an increase in consumer values. The consumer is limited to interests that relate to his personal life. Is rejection of membership in the unifying political General. Place moral obligations, social relations is autonomy. The culture of consumption performs a call to an individual activity but a social inaction. The deconsolidation and individualization are associated with the loss of ideological, political and civil installations. The permanent revolution of individualism, expressed in the relevant changes of culture and values, eliminates political activism, political discourse displaces from consciousness. Global social projects and metanarratives prefer micronarrative and microprojects personal fate. "Social person" gives way to the "individual person", a politically active citizen surrenders to consumers, civil society – in front of the consumer. When the deconsolidation becomes widespread, there is a paradoxical phenomenon of "social exclusion of the majority".

Keywords: atomization, solidarity, individualism, consumer society, deconsolidation, political apathy, consumer culture, micronarrative, value orientation, project

Abstract: In his research Golovushkin reveals the meaning and historical definition of the socio-political projects of the two brightest forms of Russian Orthodox reformation - the movement of Old Believers of the mid XVIIth century and Orthodox Renovationism of the early XXth century. Researchers traditionally view these phenomena as opposite vectors: Renovationism is usually associated with novations and modernization and Old Believers are associated with fundamentalism and commitment to doniconian Russian Orthodoxy. However, despite these beliefs, their historical path, religious projects and socio-political concepts have much in common which points to some important intersection points and regular patterns of the Russian church and socio-political history. Methodologically, the research is based on historical phenomenology of religion which considers history of religions (discriptive discipline) and phenomenology of religion (comparative and interpretative disciplien) as the two interdependent aspects of religious science combining the methods of empirical study and theoretical analysis of collected empirical data. This approach demonstrates that the movement of Old Believers in the mid XVIIth century and Orthodox Renovationism of the Early XXth century are the expression of not only a new type of religion, religious ethics and morals but also transformation of the political culture of the Russian society and crisis of the theocratic paternalist model of the Russian government. Developing the concept of the 'free theocracy' state where church, government and society are an entity and participate in creation of the Kingdom of God on earth, Old Believers and Renovationists tried to find both the civil way to legitimize the ruling power and the algorithm for building the 'true Orthodox civilization' in Russia. Double failure of that socio-political project had a significant impact on the following civilizational development of the Russian society. The result was the crucial church dissents and reinforcement of the vertical structure of the paternalist secular power, for church schisms do not only initiate changes but also bring traumatic experience, make people fear transformations and encourage political and religious conservatism and anti-dynamism attitudes. 

Keywords: Old Believers, Orthodox Renovationism, religious fundamentalism, theocracy, Old Believer schism, Renovationist schism, Christian state, secular state, paternalism

Abstract: The subject of the study is the rational reconstruction of a meaningful sense of ownership in the category of European social studies and philosophy. Particular attention is given to clarify the scope of "philosophy of economy", "philosophy of economy", "property" and "ownership". Zorina reveals the development logic and socio-cultural environment of philosophical projects of ownership at different periods in history. The researcher also differentiated scenarios and policy approaches to the philosophical concept of ownership the difference between which shows the objectives and specificity of changes in the concept of ownership. Tradition and modern concepts of ownership are analyzed from the point of view of their unity and specific features. In her research Zorina has used the methods of rational reconstruction, comparative philosophy and systems analysis. Rational reconstruction has provided for the understanding of the ideas of ownership in the history of social studies and philosophy; comparative method has allowed to compare traditional and modern definitions of ownership; systems approach has helped to justify the unity of the ontological and epistemological aspects of the phenomenon of ownership. The main conclusions made within the framework of the current hypothesis are the following. Firstly, philosophical definition of ownership that appeared before the economic definition has distinct rational and value attributes. Secondly, the tendency to change definitions of ownership was caused by global and technology factors, and thus included the non-economic context as well. Thirdly, ownership as a theoretical phenomenon of the modern civilization exhausts traditional development resources and raises the problem of transformation of the post-global world. 

Keywords: philosophy of ownership, networked economy, globalization, property, philosophy and economics, philosophy of economy, transformation, meanings, tradition, modern age

Abstract: The article is devoted to the definitions of criteria of civilization. According to the author, this criteria include driving values of man. Depending on the level of acceptance of these values, a partiular profile of civilizations is created. Initial values are the same for all civilizations. It is only the extent to whih the society accepts them which differs. The profile of the Russian civilization described by the author is compared to the graph of the country's vitality. The comparison of these parameters proves that at the moments of spiritual growth of Russia when the Russian nation get close to categorial man, the power and influence of Russia grow as well. The quantitative profile of the Russian civilization has been created based on surveys and expert evaluation. In his research Sulakshin uses historical and comparative approaches to compare values of different civilizations. The author offers a quantitative evaluation of civilizations which is a totally new approach to civilization studies. Based on this approach, Sulakshin provides a quantitative proof that Russia is not Europe but a completely different civilization. 

Keywords: humanification (anthropomorphization), Russia, quantitative profile, expert evaluation, driving values, categorial man, values, civilization, ideal, vitality

Abstract: The subject under review is a temporary form of a piece of cinematographic art. Artistic time continuum is viewed as the subject of synthesis and work material for creating a film. The author of the article makes a conclusion about the need to include the circular time into the pattern of the plot that has the conflict driving its internal development and goes through the thee stage – the exposition, development of the storyline through conflict to the climax and the falling action (resolution of the conflict). The authors shows that the circular time dominating in the plot creates a generalization which is very close to what a mythological consciousness deals with when particular sensual experience is tuned into a sign. The concept of the artistic time continuum is based on the ideas of Saint Augustine and Pavel Florensky. For the first time in the theory of cinematograph the artistic time is viewed as the subject of synthesis and working material for creating a piece of cinematographic art. The author of the article describes the importance of the circular time continuum for the plot. The circular time continuum creates the general outline of the storyline. Cyclicity is viewed as a result of existential issues being solved by human. Description of the role of the circular time in the structure of a piece of cinematographic art has allowed to view the terms ‘peripeteia’ and ‘plot pattern’ differently.

Keywords: artistic time continuum, circular time, theory of dramatic art, plot, plot pattern, peripeteia, piece of cinematographic art, eternity, non-linear time, dynamic process.

Abstract: The author of the article substantiates the thesis that creation of the philosophy of technology and development of the theory of industrial civilization are a determinative form of expression of the significance and growing attention towards the research-and-technological, technical, technological and technology-related elements of modern culture. Orientation at innovations and exponential speed of research-and-technology transformations in the industrial civilization explicitly state that soontrans-humanistic and post-human ideas will be possibly put into life (i.e. the transfer from human to post-human will occur). The subject/purpose of the present research is to specify and systematize post-human trends of industrial civilization. The general methodological base of research is the dialectics accompanied with modern achievements in the sphere of the systems approach and synergetic view on the world. At the beginning of research the author intensively uses the method of the unity of the historical and logical and in conclusion the author uses the scenario approach. The scientific novelty of research is determined by the fact that the process of post-human transformations is described from the point of view of specific and general (system-related) development and interaction of high technologies: nanotechnology, biotechnology, cybertechnology, artificial intelligence technology and information and virtual technology. The author of the article describes the single interchange line of post-human development from biotechnology, cybertechnology and artificial intelligence technology to information and virtual technology. The author also points out the emerging opportunity of a powerful artificial intelligence being created which would be a challenge for both human and post-human development. The author also describes other scenarios of the post-human future such as: competitive struggle between item-specific (biotechnology, cybertechnology, artificial intelligence technology ) and information and virtual (information and virtual technology) directions of post-human transformations; and rather independent development of each post-human trend as they are or in a form of a combination of related technologies. The author focuses on a special ‘post-human’ role of nanotechnologies. Nanotechnologies are presented as a modern form of fundamental, basic technology allowing the industrial civilization to possess and control all what it needs to function and develop. Throughhightechnologiesindustrialcivilizationpresents itself as n independent artificial, technology-related phenomenon outside and besides the initial natural or bio-social or human origin. Growing post-human orientation of industrial civilization raises a sharp question whether this post-human and trans-humanistic movement actually has a meaning from the point of view of humans and preservation of human values in general.

Keywords: social philosophy, futurology, philosophy of technology, industrial civilization, focus on innovation, technological determinism, post-human, trans-humanism, high tech solutions, technology-related risks.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the role of Transhumanistic and Post-Human concepts in the culture of industrial civilization. The methodological basis of the research consists of modern definitions of the ‘paradigm’ that expand the term and make it apply to all forms and representations of cultural phenomena. Post-Human cultural testing shows how many facilities of spiritual and mental culture require a new conceptualization (some personality theories and sociobiology) and are starting to be interpreted from the point of view of Post-Humanism (Humanism, Post-Modernism and Friedrich Nietzsche’s super-human). The concept of universal evolutionism appears to be the form of accumulation of all implicit and explicit post-human aspirations and opportunities of modern industrial civilization. In some cases, the relation between the theory of universal evolutionism and Post-Humanism tasks is conditioned by scientific and technological development. Modern quantitative improvements in the sphere of high tech directly leads to implementation of Post-Humanistic orientation at overcoming well-known limits of human as biological species called homo sapiens. All that allows to state that Post-Humanistic ideas can actually become dominating in the spheres of philosophy and ideology of mankind.

Keywords: philosophy, futurology, post-human, transhumanism, high technologies, paradigm, humanism, super human, universal evolutionism, technology-related risks.

Abstract: Futurologists consider the future to be the result of logical development of the past and present which deprives them of the opportunity to see qualitative changes in the future. Both Russian and foreign futurologists traditionally rely on thermonuclear synthesis like stellarator and tokamaks. In the meantime, there are doubts that the aforesaid devices are not possible. Futurologists have other romantic hopes (such as building the post-industrial ‘society of services’, global warming up to fusion of low-melting metal and etc.). At the same time, it would be very interesting to see the future in a completely different light. For instance, great hopes are laid on composite materials. However, their capabilities are limited to specific properties of components. Already today we can offer a ‘magic’ technology of producing materials and energy supplies with desired properties based on the theory of so called ‘superstring matrix’ which continues the classical superstring theory. As far as the global warming is being concerned, futurologists should advise the governments of lower regions to re-locate their industry and agriculture in upper regions, which, of course, no government would do.

Keywords: acceleration, anthropic principle, demography, infantilism, climate, computer mind, migration, neoteny, thermonuclear reaction, technological and cultural revolution.

Abstract: While globalization makes the global community into the united global economic complex, it shall not be able to totally level out the cultural and philosophical differences between the East and the West, since these differences root in thousands years of history, they are supported at the genetic level as matrixes of two ethnic and social systems (Mongoloid, Caucasoid), and the confrontation between these two systems may end in racial war.

Keywords: philosophy, East, West, Mongoloids, Caucasoid, globalization, racial war, culture, philosophy, culture, matrix.

Abstract: The article demonstrates a certain stage in development of system, dialectical and synergetic views on the post-human and the theory and practice of revolutionary, major transformations of human and society. High tech solutions (biotechnologies, cyborg technologies, information technologies, virtual reality, artificial intelligence) provide an increasing number of opportunities for achieving post-human goals: the Prometheus’ line (from mythology to Russian cosmism and trans-humanism) is in the focus of modern post-human researches. Analysis of the post-human in mythology and arts, the Orpheus’ line, enriches and specifies the general interpretation of the post-human. The relative value of post-human aspects in mythology can be identified by people’s attempts. Post-human mythologies are removed by the means of art. Today’s post-humanity is mostly represented in science fiction and fantasy. The relative value of science fiction is compared to scientific knowledge about the future. Fantasy world can be viewed as the ideal form of achievement of post-human freedom and the pleasure principle. Demonstrated cultural shift from the reality principle to the pleasure principle is another significant factor creating numerous problems for the post-human future.

Keywords: philosophy, futurology, Russian cosmism, trans-humanism, mythology, art, high tech, science fiction, fantasy, the pleasure principle.

Abstract: The author of the article compares the terms ‘modernization’ and ‘social progress’ as a part of tendencies in a modern society. The author descries the historical dynamics of these terms and analyzes sociocultural and spiritual state of the modern Western and Russian societies. The author proves the assumption that there is a need in social progress is the cohesive development of different elements — social, research and technology, environmental, moral, spiritual and others.

Keywords: philosophy, modernization, progress, social Darwinism, neo-liberalism, freedom, simulacrum, gift, trust, tradition.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the formation and development of Chinese studies in Germany which have a relatively short history compared to other sinology schools there. Despite a great contribution of German researchers to the world science, there are a very limited number of works translated into Russia today. As a result, Russian scientists know very little about achievements of their German colleagues. The author of the article analyzes the scientific heritage of a German school of sinology, describes its trends, lists the most significant researchers and analyzes their works.

Keywords: cultural studies, sinology, Chinese studies, Oriental studies, China, Germany, culture, history, historiography, sinology.

Abstract: The problem of ceremonial priorities and actual superiority is one of the main issues of late Byzantine polemics with the Latin West. Despite the fact that the idea of the Pope primacy was met with rebuke among Byzantine authors, many polemists based their arguments on specific conceptions of Barlaam of Seminara who viewed hierarchy of episcopate as a ceremonial formality and, in act, denied the idea of actual superiority. Early Byzantine views on the subject of superiority suggests a wider solution o the problem where the superiority is understood as special service but not just a ceremonial function.

Keywords: cultural studies, Areopagitica, Barlaam of Seminara, Dimitry of Cyzicus, Nicholas Cabasilas, superiority, succession, priority, primacy, patriarchy.

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to analyze views of one of the major Islamic ideologists Sayyid Qutub on the ‘Islamic State’, its features and methods of formation. Most attention is paid at the analysis of the book ‘Milestones’. The author of the article gives definitions of the basic concepts introduced by Qutub such as Jahiliyyah and Hakimiyyah and defines where these ideas derived from. The article shows that Islamic scientists- theologists and public figures’ views on Qutub vary widely which proves that, firstly, Islamism is not the unified whole and secondly, there are different interpretations of Qutub’s works.

Keywords: philosophy, socio-political views in the states of the Islamic East, Islamism, Qutub, Muslim Brotherhood, radicalism, Jihad, Jahiliyyah, Hakimiyyah, Egypt.

Abstract: The article is devoted to epoch changes form neoteny of humankind to its acceleration. Neotenics are well weighed and traditional. Accelerates are infantile and revolutionary. Some scientific innovations by accelerates are naïve – the author gives many examples to it such as spatial measurements, magnetic monopole, ‘dark energy’, global icing, fauna dying-out, bright events in history, global warming and Indigo children.

Keywords: philosophy, acceleration, Higgs boson particle, global warming, Indigo children, dinosaurs, infantilism, magnetic monopole, neoteny, ‘dark energy’.

Abstract: The community form of social life in ancient times did not remain unchanged. Gradually, there had been certain changes in its technological and economical grounds, social organization and life style of our ancestors. During Neolithic age agriculture and production became the priorities. Based on that, an archeologist G. Childe introduced the term ‘Neolithic revolution’ which meant, in the first place, the beginning of agriculture and cattle production. These sectors required stone instruments of labor to be improved and changed by the instruments made out of metal – copper, bronze and later iron. This is the time when metallurgy and other types of crafts appeared

Keywords: philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social and cultural norms, individualization, moral principles, legal norms, human, rationality, economy

Abstract: In his article R. Linton discusses the concept of culture and shows culture relates to human behavior and personality. The author defines such terms as ‘culture construct’, ‘culture’, ‘outcome of behavior’ and some others.

Keywords: philosophy, society, culture, human, behavior, personality

Abstract: Review: the author made an attempt to interpret the experience of the counterculture in Europe during the last decade. The author described the systems of value and attitudes specific for this counterculture and their impact on public mind in the modern world. Key words: philosophy, cultural studies, values, radicalism, counterculture, youth, meaning of life.

Abstract: the question about “peculiarities of culture” is raised in all kinds of contexts. Such peculiarities are quite willingly admitted both by architects of the global world order, ideologists of political correctness, theorists of multi-cultures and many others. Such cultural peculiarities are quite obvious; however, the main point of the article is not to prove such peculiarity, but to understand what it actually means.

Keywords: philosophy, knowledge, faith, culture, peculiarities of culture, architectonics, paradigmatics, historicism, religion, otherness.

Abstract: The author tried to apply anthropological data to the area of teaching. At the same time he reflected on the role of education in conditions of trans-civilization gap. In the author’s opinion, one of the most important goals of the modern university is to create humanitarian reserves which would ensure human development.

Abstract: Viewing the development of human civilization from the point of “blow-up regime” we can describe just the main trend while a more precise analysis helps to uncover socioeconomic and sociocultural cycles also existing there. Sociocultural cycling usually means just a pattern of ups and downs, rise and fall, speed-up and slow-down . The process within the cycle usually consists of three or four stages.

Abstract: The article discusses the art of the dialogue which was quite popular in the Chinese Buddhist school of Chang. The author of the article discussed ways, methods, techniques and rules of conducting such a dialogue. He revealed the peculiarity of Chang dialogues – the principle of contrariety or creating paradoxical situations. The author described the unusual confrontational logic of the dialogue. He viewed the dialogue as the mean of creative thinking and stressed out that its methods and techniques could be successfully used in the modern scientific and political discourses.

Abstract: We may speak of ethno-collective unconscious as an important element of the social behavior of an individual. It is the source of the formation of social and cultural goals and personal development. It regulates individual’s political and legal activities, and can be compared with the influence of the laws of the state. What is the collective unconscious of the Russian society like?