Abstract: The object of this research is the process of management informatization in economic sphere. The subject of this research is the impact of active implementation of information management technologies upon transformation of this process. At the same time, the article does not dispute the effectiveness and feasibility of the segment of rendering digital services, but rather focuses on studying digital economy overall and its impact upon the modern information society. The relevance is defined by the fact that the expert opinions on digital economy and its prospects substantially differ, and the experience of rapid transition to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the number of potential problems. The application of systemic approach, methods of decomposition and comparative analysis, taking into account the experience of organization of remote work during the quarantine, allowed viewing the questions of digitalization of the economy as one of the spheres of human activity from a comprehensive perspective. The conclusion is made that digitalization of the economy, although not being a “know-how” in the direct sense, ensures taking the economic management processes to the new level, which due to changes in content of the processes in “real” economy, may substantially affect development of society as whole.

Keywords: prospects for a digital economy, new development factors, resource optimization, economic management, decision support, application of information technology, “Digitization” of the economy, management informatization, increase management efficiency, new management approaches

Abstract: The subject of this research is the issues associated with management of accounting control in accounts receivable of the service industry companies for ensuring sustainability of financial position and efficiency of a business. The relevance of this topic is justified by the fact that due to the specificity of the work of service industry companies, the predominant type of transaction is payments from customers for services rendered. Attention is therefore given to the structurization of adequate accounting control system for payments. The novelty of this research consists in systematization of the key accounting aspects of managing payments from customers, substantiation of the need for structurization of the system of internal payment control for the purpose of uninterrupted payment monitoring and timely debt repayment. An important role is also played by the practical examination of the questions of accounting and control of customer payments based on the case of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Surazh Regional Water Services Company””, which will allow ensuring proper organization of the system of managing accounts receivable in the service industry companies.

Keywords: internal control, accounting and control system, accounting and control procedures, control, accounting, customer, management, economics, inventory, debt

Abstract: The object of this research is the processes of clusterization of economic systems of Russian regions, particularly Volga Region, in the conditions of establishing innovation economy. The subject of this research is the modern successful practices of regulation of the clusterization processes and innovation development of regional economic systems. The author explores such aspects of this topic as peculiarities of economic development of sectoral and territorial segments of innovation clusters, and integration of production within the framework of cluster formations. Special attention is given to the innovation clusters – leaders in investment attractiveness on the global scale, being members of a priority project of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is made that each of the examined clusters form their own trajectory of development that is based on unique competitive advantages, while maintaining orientation towards the general model of cluster development. The author’s contribution lies in systematization of the successful cluster development and determination of common elements of the model of formation of innovation clusters on regional level.

Keywords: Clusterization of the economy, Innovation clusters, The Russian regions, Regional development, Clusters-leaders of investment attractiveness, Innovative development, Regulation of clustering, Multicluster formations, The Cluster Of The Volga Region, Volga federal district

Abstract: This article is dedicated to motivation of employees of the private economic sector of China. The author examines the practices of employee stimulation via salary, as well as practice of stimulating productivity through bonus program. It is noted that the system of employee motivation via salary in the private economic sector of PRC does not significantly differ from the practices implemented in the public sector or other market economies. Chinese private companies almost entirely integrated the market tools for stimulation of workforce productivity, patterned after the examples of capitalist countries. The majority of private sector enterprises are characterized with fringe benefits to basic salary, when the size of remuneration directly depends on hitting the individual and collective planned targets. The salary is being regularly indexed depending on conjuncture of the job market, productivity of the company and employees. In addition to the main salary, the base of the salary consists of payment for the volume of completed work, bonuses, various incentives and compensations. Raises for continued employment play the smallest role in size of the salary. A substantial part of the fringe benefits is actually taken by the Chinese companies out of the salary budget for the purpose of minimizing the tax burden for the company.

Keywords: payouts, China, interest, bonus, рыночная экномика, employee motivation, salary, private sector of the economy, services, commerce

Abstract: The subject of this research is tax incentive that is a part of the process of innovative activity. Taxation is viewed as a tool for advancement of innovations. The experience of foreign countries demonstrates that government support in the form of funding, tax incentives, government subsidized loans, and creation of essential infrastructure play a big role in modernization processes. Expansion of the practice of implementation of tax incentives for stimulating innovations requires a theoretical comprehension of this process. This article examines the coefficient that characterizes economic effectiveness of tax incentives as correlation of separate indexes of innovation activity of recipients and benefits from tax spending. Assessment is conducted on the effectiveness of tax incentives in accordance with the data on innovation activity and tax revenue from different sectors that are leaders in the innovation sphere. The following conclusions were made: tax mechanism of stimulating innovation activity are not very popular and effective; precision of calculation is significantly affected by the current issues with the information base: complete absence of information with respect to stimulus recipients; the results of analysis demonstrate that the rate of increase of decreasing budget revenue surpasses the rate of growth that characterizes innovation activity of the taxpayer that testifies to the insufficient effectiveness of the provided tax incentives, prompting suggestion of new means for stimulation of tax incentives. The author proposes to amend statistical tax report, highlighting the information on the entire range of existing tax incentives. Consideration and control over rationality of tax incentive mechanisms would allow optimizing the list of tax incentives for innovation activity, as well as expand the list of sectors that use such incentives.

Keywords: budget efficiency, economic efficiency, instrument, tax incentives, innovative activity, innovations, stimulation, taxation, innovation activity, internal costs

Abstract: The object of this research is the process of informatization of management in the economic sector. The subject of this research is the impact from the active implementation of information technologies of management upon the state of this process. The article explores not the segment of digital industry, which efficiency and reasonableness of which unquestionable, but the “digital” economy as a whole. The relevance of this work is defined by substantial discrepancies in the export opinions on “digital” economy. To analyze the content of these discrepancies, the author examines the peculiarities of “digital” economy in comparison with the process of informatization of management in other areas of activity. The use of systemic approach, methods of decomposition and comparative analysis, allowed viewing the questions of “digitalization” of economy in a complex, as one of the spheres of human activity. Based on application of generalization method, a conclusion is made that “digitalization” of economy is not a “know-how” or panacea from all problems, rather the transfer of its management to a new level ensuring achievement of vast results with current capacity and means by increasing the efficiency of their utilization. At the same time, the analysis of the factors of “digitalization” revealed that it would exert certain influence upon development of “real” economy, and it is unacceptable to not take it into account.

Keywords: new development factors, resource optimization, economic management, decision support, application of information technology, “Digitization” of the economy, increase management efficiency, management informatization, prospects for a digital economy, new management approaches

Abstract: The subject of this research is the correlation between the structural transformations of external sector and regional economic dynamics in the conditions of active endogenous and exogenous shocks. The object of this research is a constituent of the Russian Federation – Khabarovsk Krai. The research covers the period of 16 years: from 2000 to 2015. The author examines the two scenarios of structural dynamics of the external sector of the region: inertial, suggesting maintenance of the established by now proportions between the types of economic activity that conduct commercial transactions; and innovational, contributing to the increase in regional export of highly processed portion of goods. The conducted research proves that the structure of external sector is a factor ensuring minimization of risks of the regional foreign trade cooperation from the perspective of sustainable economic dynamics. The specificity of applied methodology consists in addressing the issue of the total price of export and interregional export in terms of the separate types of economic activity (in this case, price fluctuations are reflected via changing the total price of export). The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive study of the impact of structural transformations of external sector upon the overall results of economic activity of the region in the conditions of active shocks. The scenario approach is used in varying and “intersection” of the initial data: conditions for the operation of external sector (prevalence of resource-based production; development of processing types of economic sector); “sources” of shocks (markets of different localization: global, national, regional); types of shocks (price changes; variation in consumer demand, etc.); possibility of receiving quantitative assessments of the parameters of structural transformation of the external economic sector that would ensure regional growth in the conditions of active endogenous and exogenous shocks.  

Keywords: Trade, External sector, Interregional export, Export, Exogenous shock , Endogenous shock, Structural transformation, Economic effect, Regional economy, Khabarovsk Krai

Abstract: The relevant task solved in the process of managing the creation of high-technology products (HTP) consists in substantiation of the required volume of financing and implementation timeline for its design. The result of such substantiation must become the effective usage of financial resources allocated for the creation of HTP. The object of this research is the high-tech products, which imply the advanced technology products created on the basis of the unique production pipeline, or products that implement their consumer functions using the latest physicotechnical effects. The subject of this research is the methods of management techniques for the creation of HTP. The key goal lies in the development of economic-mathematical tools for managing the creation of HTP to benefit the optimization process of its technological design. The authors analyze the foreign and domestic experience in assessing high-tech products; as well as formulate recommendations on the development of economic-mathematical tools for managing the creation of high-tech products. Research methodology is based on the modern methods of estimating costs, associated with the creation of HTP and multi-criteria collective expertise, which are extensively applied in Russia and leading foreign countries. The scientific hypothesis underlying the study suggests the possibility of shared use of the new and traditional technologies for achieving the performance targets of HTP  that is proved using the devised methodological tools. The developed methodological toolkit includes the following elements: functional-technological model of HTP; model for assessing the readiness, cost, and risk associated with the development of technologies used in the creation of an HTP; model of technological design of the HTP that allows formalizing its certain stages, particularly, the transition towards a specific content of functional-technological blocks. The practical importance of the proposed models lies the ability to conduct technical and economic assessment of the options for shared use of the new and traditional technologies in the creation of HTP, as well as choose options for the efficient utilization of funds allocated for these purposes. This is the primary task of this research.

Keywords: resources, model, methodology, high-tech products, efficiency, economic assessment, technology, risk, analysis, tools

Abstract: This article synthesizes the state strategic audit of socioeconomic development and the changes in its content in the context of developing digital economy. The author examines the structuring of the state strategic audit within the system of resulting components of digital economy; as well as analyzes the fundamental principles of the impact of digital economy upon the parameters of using production factors in the conditions of digital economy. The research emphasizes the importance and problems of usage of the tools of economic-mathematical modeling, its place within the system of strategic audit in terms of implementation of digital platforms. The new technological stage in digital development of the society on the basis of the modern industrial economy requires the elaboration of tools founded on the network platforms of strategic audit of the development of sociologic system of the state. The aforementioned processes pertinent of structuring of the state strategic audit, along with its place and application of the economic-mathematical modeling in the system of the basic resulting components of digital economy, would contribute to improving the quality of state administration.

Keywords: Capital, Labour, Digital platform, Mathematical apparatus., Place of digitalization., Factor of production., Digital economy., Audit., Land, Information

Abstract:   The subject of this research is the econometric modelling for assessing the impact of the evolution of human capital upon the socioeconomic development. The object of this research is the process of influence of human capital upon the socioeconomic development on the example of Russian regions. The goal of this work is the quantitative assessment of the effect of evolution of human capital upon the dynamics of socioeconomic processes. The main hypothesis of the research lies in the thesis that the regional human capital exerts significant influence on the ongoing regional socioeconomic processes. It is suggested that there is a direct correlation between the level of development of human capital and the effectiveness of socioeconomic development of the territories; at the same time, the character and closeness of such correlation is differentiated in accordance with the regional clusters. Methodological foundation contains the modern provisions of econometrics, theory of human capital, and macroeconomic theory of sustainable growth. Based on the formed database (43 indexes over the period from 2011 to 2016 for 71 subjects of the Russian Federation) using the Best Subsets method, the authors structure the econometric models (linear and nonlinear) that functionally describe the dependence of socioeconomic development from the level development of the regional human capital. For avoiding multicollinearity of indexes, as well as reducing the dimension of models while maintaining the quality of information, the authors apply the principal component analysis. The models are built for each of the five clusters determined by the authors in the previous works. Data processing is conducted in R environment considering panel data model.  

Keywords: clustering of regions, socio-economic indicators, human capital indicators, econometric modeling, regional economy, socio-economic development, human capital influence, human capital, main components method, regional clusters differentiation

Abstract:   The object of this research is the clusters included into the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia (Minpromtorg). Keeping the production in line with the scientific and technological progress for manufacturing high quality import-substituting products is defined by the capabilities and industrial structure of the clusters. For examining the aforementioned aspect, the study reviews and generalizes the basic characteristics of the subjects of production of the 28 industrial clusters included into the register of Minpromtorg of Russia. Focus is made on determination of peculiarities in the industrial structure of clusters depending on their specialty and affiliation to certain districts of the Russian Federation. The following conclusions were made: the industrial structure of clusters included into the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia depends on their specialty; in quantitative ratio between the large, medium and small businesses of the industrial structure of cluster formations, usually dominates the number of small business enterprises; the industrial structure of cluster formation clearly demonstrates the role of clusters as the instrument for development of small business. The authors’ special contribution into the research of this topic lies in determination, analysis and generalization of the industrial structure of clusters included on the register of Minpromtorg of Russia. The scientific novelty consists in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the industrial structure of clusters under consideration. The article is prepared within the framework of the research and development project XI.172. 1.2. (0325-2017-0002) “Scientific Bases of the Regional Cluster Policy of Russia” of 2018; state registration number is АААА-А17-117022250124-7.  

Keywords: competition, cooperation, end products, specialization, industrial structure, analysis, cluster policy, cluster, regional conditions, development program

Abstract: The implementation of scientifically substantiated investment policy at the regional level requires identifying the sectoral investment priorities, which considerably contributes to choosing the strategically important vectors for ensuring state support and creating the necessary concentration of resources. Therefore, this article conducts a comparative analysis of approaches and methods of assessing the sectoral investment priorities established within the Russian and foreign literature. The approach that understands the investment attractiveness of the sector as sectoral priority is recognized as the most promising; it allows determining the current condition of the sector, its strong and weak sides trough assessing the separate potentials and risks. The scientific novelty and relevance of the provided results consist in the fact that the author proposes a simultaneous use of two methods, which allow implementing the basic criteria of choosing the sectoral investment priority, and eliminating such flows of the multiple authorial methodologies, as the absence of precise algorithm on conducting assessment and restriction in applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) only by determining weighting coefficients. In turn, the application of AHP as an independent method, contributes to overcoming excessive formalization of decision-making with regards to sectoral investment priorities.

Keywords: ranking, Analytic Hierarchy Process, multiplier, investment activity, industry, state support, investment priority, region, strategy, indicator

Abstract: This article is devoted to analyzing the intellectual property management features in the innovative cluster. The author substantiates the necessity for individual approach to intellectual resources management within the innovative cluster.The intellectual property management forms are being analyzed in connection with organizational-legal form of cluster managing entity. The international experience of intellectual property management functions transfer to outsourcing is being examined on the example of German regional Rhein-Necker cluster. The author analyzes cases of such transfer expediency.The main methods of this study are general scientific methods of analyze, synthesis, induction, compare, analogy and systemic method. The author makes a conclusion about efficiency of intellectual property management centralization and proves the expediency of special structure creation – intellectual property management center, which is vested with functions in intellectual property objects evaluation, their defense, commercialization potential evaluation, and essentially, commercialization. The other conclusion consists in optimality of exclusive license contract for accordance of access to intellectual property objects to organizations, which are participants of the cluster.

Keywords: intellectual property objects, results of intellectual activity, intellectual property, open space, innovations, cooperation, Cluster, intellectual rights, intellectual rights management, intellectual property management

Abstract: The subject of this research is the territory and practice of the assessment of the regional transportation systems pertaining to the regions of the North, where the absence of year-round land routes makes their comparison and analysis impossible. In the Arctic and Northern regions of Russia, the main transportation system consists in seasonal routes, which are not usually used in the practice of analysis of transportation coverage, accessibility and transportation potential of the territories. These tools are developed by the method of multivariate classification on the basis of multivariate median, taking into account both, a number of quantitative indexes, including the sum of seasonal routes and their productivity, as well as qualitative, which include the level of transportation costs. The developed methodological tools are based on the classic methods of assessment of the regional transportation system, but at the same time, contains novelty, as it accounts for the existence of seasonal types of transportation routes and their logistical component. This allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the peculiarities of development of the transportation systems in the Northern regions.

Keywords: deposit of goods, commodity flows, the Arctic zone, the Northern regions, transportation and logistics costs, population mobility, transport system, ice road, seasonal communications, integrated assessment

Abstract: This article poses the problem of critical import dependency from rare minerals procurement, which are essential for further innovation development. During the academic discourse, it was determines that the ash and slag waste are the nontraditional perspective source of rare minerals, which necessitates the stimulating measures with regards to its development. The object of this research is the non-traditional deposits of rare minerals. The subject of this research is the organizational mechanism that would encourage the government and private sector towards increasing the efficiency of the use of ash and slag waste, but at the same time, reduce the external negative impacts upon the environment. Methodology of this work consists in synthesis of the two separate elements into one whole, namely examining the implementation of economic and legal instruments that form the organizational mechanism. The article demonstrates the efficient organization of work and encouragement of the work of small and medium-size mining companies, for which the ash and slag waste is economically advantageous, is currently associated with certain issues, particularly the imperfection of the government stimulus policy with regards to development of ash and slag waste that manifest as a resource of rare minerals. The scientific novelty lies in combination of the proposed instruments of state support that form the organizational mechanism for extracting the rare minerals from ash and slag waste. Conclusion is made that the mechanism of mutually beneficial form of cooperation between the privately held companies and the state, is realized on the basis of improving the tax and payments system, through introducing the excess profit taxes, as well as formulation and adoption of the law on state support of the enterprises developing the non-traditional rate minerals and rare-earth elements (ash and slag waste).

Keywords: tax, mining enterprises, organizational mechanism, ash and slag waste, non-traditional deposits, rare metals, mineral base, world production, market for rare minerals, innovation policy

Abstract: The subject of the article is the identification of the mechanisms for improving integrated forest management in Russia at the regional level. A theoretical analysis of the development of the concept of multi-use (integrated forest management) of forest resources in the work of domestic scientists was conducted; features of forest ecosystem services are the latency and diffusion of forest ecosystem benefits, which complicates their economic identification and monetization of benefits. The socio-economic benefits of using forests in the world are discussed and it is shown that, taking into account all ecosystem services of the forest, the value of a tree "in the forest" can be 2-4 times higher than the price of wood obtained from it. This confirms the experience of the development of integrated forest management in Finland, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Spain, where collection and harvesting of food forest resources, medicinal plants, agriculture and economy, and hunting, development of bioenergy, recreational activity in many cases can be more profitable, than logging. Mechanisms for stimulating the development of integrated forest management have been identified, which can be of practical importance for both the state and private business in order to achieve a balance of environmental, economic and social interests. In Russia, the areas of forest lands that provide "non-timber" ecosystem services are beginning to increase and there are successful examples of implementing the concept of multi-purpose forest management in a number of Russian regions (Kirov Region, Primorsky Krai). Excessive timber harvesting threatens the depletion of wild forest resources, so it is important for regional authorities to find an alternative to mono-resource forest management. The article concludes the classification of the Russian regions in terms of the prospects for the application of integrated forest management, and the importance of supporting the development of climate forest projects in Russia in the light of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement. Following scientific methods were applied in the article: the theoretical method, the method of systematization and comparative analysis, in order to identify mechanisms, as well as threats and opportunities for forest ecosystems in the implementation of the concept of multiple use of forest resources. The novelty of the study is to identify and systematize the foreign experience of integrated forest management, as well as to consider various mechanisms (regulatory, administrative and information) that would have the greatest positive impact on the improvement of integrated forest management in Russia. It can be seen from the article that thanks to multi-purpose forest management in Russia, one can focus not only on the economic returns from forests, but also not to break the fragile balance of the ecological functions of forests and fulfill important social functions through the creation of new jobs.

Keywords: climate change, non-timber forest products, carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, integrated forest management, forest policy, forest resources, forest, forest harvesting, climate projects

Abstract: The subject of this article is the methodological issues related to assessment of efficiency of the government administration. The authors attempt to assess the substantial differences of productivity of the regional management in constituents of the Far Eastern Federal District based on the mortality indexes: life expectancy at birth (for male and female population), infant mortality coefficient, and crude death rate. The work provides a brief analysis of the current demographic process of mortality in the subjects of Far Eastern Federal District, as well as presents the typology of the Far Eastern regions. The authors determine the types of regions in accordance with the level productivity of the government authorities: relatively productivity, lesser productivity, average productivity, weak productivity and, and ineffectiveness of the regional management. The authors believe that disregard for mortality trends in assessment of the situation can lead to the erroneous conclusions pertaining to socioeconomic situation of the regions. It is recommended to use mortality rates within the system of indexes (or as the initial characteristics of integrated index) for assessment of efficiency of the government administration.

Keywords: life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, crude death rate, cluster analysis, subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District , mortality rates, efficiency of public administration, analysis of mortality rates , typology of regions, regional management

Abstract: The subject of this research is the regional logistics infrastructure in the Russian Federation. The objects of this research were 6 urban okrugs and 33 municipal districts of Volgograd Oblast. Possible placement of the distribution and sorting depots are chosen for the establishment of efficient logistics infrastructure of the region. The foundation for selection of the locations consists in the main socioeconomic indexes of Volgograd Oblast. Among such indexes are those, which crucially influence the determination of location of the regional warehouse chain. The work provides the quantitative assessment of the level of their impact. The authors conclude that it is necessary to place the distribution and sorting depots in the following urban okrugs: Volzhsky, Kamyshin, Mikhaylovka, Gorodishensky, Zhirnovsky, and Kotelnikovsky. “Trucking cargo turnover” and “Fixed capital” should also be considered as indexes that significantly affect the selection of location for the regional warehouse chain.

Keywords: discriminant analysis, backbone warehouse chain, optimization, warehouse chain, regional warehouse chain, logistics infrastructure, two-step cluster analysis, key socioeconomic indexes, canonical function, coefficients of discriminant variables

Abstract: The subject of this research is the education system as the element of institutional environment of innovation development of the rural areas (including the Mari El Republic). The choice of the topic is substantiated by the issues that have accumulated in the agricultural sphere of the Russian Federation. The agriculture represents the second largest portion of the GRP of the Mari El Republic, but the statistical data testifies of a pressing need for solutions to the problem of shortage of qualified work resources in the rural areas. The goal of this work consists in formulation of measures for development of the regional education system, aimed at increasing the labor potential of the rural areas. The authors analyze the statistical data that characterizes the development of the labor potential of the Mari El Republic, and determine the key problems in this area. A conclusion is made that there is negative trends with regards to availability of labor resources in the rural areas of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Mari El Republic), as well as the need to implement a complex of measures that would be aimed at preparing human resources for agricultural sphere and increasing the workforce in the regions.

Keywords: professional certification, consulting, education system, institutional environment, employment potential, innovative development, structural imbalances, rural area, government regulation, complex approach

Abstract: The article is devoted to the socioeconomic analysis of the production process of innovations by TNC in the market of dairy products. The object of the study is TNC Danone (Paris, France). So, it is argued that the creation of TNC innovative dairy products is a way to promote the product in the international markets. Individuals are the critical elements in this strategy: customers of innovative dairy produce become «intermediaries» of TNC values (i.e. the scientific approach to health and nutrition); those who abstain from consumption, join the army of critics, i.e., «mediators», thus ensuring the development of the production process of innovative products idea. In both cases, this results in the changing of consumers’ value structure. Moreover, it results in the increased consumption and so in high profits of the company. Theoretical and methodological base of the research includes: historical-network approach (D. Stark), French actor-network theory (B. Latour) and the theory of social construction of scientific fact (B. Latour, S. Woolgar). To confirm the hypothesis, the author designed a graphic model of organization process of innovative development inside TNC R&D network on the macro level and their distribution in international markets (the analysis was implemented in the Ucinet program). The work presents an empirical study "Social impact of Danone innovative activity in the market of dairy products in Russia. Changes in the thinking habits of consumers" in St. Petersburg in April-May 2015, which allowed describing the embeddedness process of values in the structure of personal values of consumers. The knowledge that the company, engaged in innovation activity, can achieve success due to the competent marketing strategy of introducing the innovative product in the daily lives of consumers and providing the return on innovations at the expense of the end consumer, rather than the state expense, becomes particularly essential when Russia enters the international market of innovations.  

Keywords: Structuring of scientific fact, Actor network theory, Historical network approach, Probiotic, Dairy market, Activia, Danone, R&D centers, TNC, Innovative activity

Abstract: The article substantiates the necessity for developing a methodological base for evaluating and optimizing the impact of information on the potential of possibilities for market participants from the standpoint of Russia's membership in the WTO, and the dependence of successful business practice with how well-informed the subjects of the market are. The authors describe experiments performed on the basic model of the market with perfect competition, and with considerable changes in the program realization of their functioning, resulting in an interconnection between traditional and information resources in terms of the global goal of any market participant. The authors present an approach to qualitative regularities in interconnections and equivalency conditions of information and all other resources, which ensure the reaching of set goals. The authors have developed an information model of the market (IMM) as part of the analytical-imitation models, as applied to conditions of both, "perfect competition", as well as subjects possessing varying amounts of information. The main conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. A "perfect competition" market without decision-impacting information is characterized by a negligibly small probability of market monopolization, to the point of a mathematical abstract. 2. The probability of market monopolization is lowered by fixed market volume, and an enhanced number of participants. The author shows and produces a qualitative evaluation for a previously unknown regularity of interconnection between information resources and traditional assets of market subjects. 3. This regularity permits economic substantiation of an optimal variant for organization and technical systems for the acquisition and protection of valuable business information, thus creating conditions for further development of the information resources protection theory. 4. The interconnectedness between information and other resources revealed by the authors allows for the development of methodological basis for training of qualified personnel, aimed at realizing business-processes within the WTO.  

Keywords: level of information, model of informational market, information recources, model of perfect competition, market economy, market, market participants, value of information, correlation, influence of the information

Abstract: Geoeconomicology as a methodical basis of geopolitical economy of the state is the subject of this study. The object of this study is the strategy of national geopolitical economy's development. The gual of this article is to form a strategy for developing geoeconomicology as a methodical basis for developing the country's geopolitical economy in the conditions of exiting global crisis. In order to achieve this, the author resolves the following tasks: -to study the definition and content of the strategy of geopolitical economy's development; -to study the definition, content and defining traits of geopolitical economy, considering the evident 2015 global economic crisis; -to form the basis of geoeconomicology as a science on geopolitical economy and a geoeconomical mechanism; -to research the defining traits of geoeconomic competition, considering the projected variants for post-crisis world order, and the influence of world order on geopolitical economy; -to research the factors that impact the success of national economies. The methods of this research include historical retrospective analysis, logical analysis, comparative analysis, logical projections, linguistic approach, joint analysis. THe novelty of this research is based on the fact that it sets and solves the scientific tasts of studying the definition and content of the strategy of geopolitical economy's development, the definition, content and defining traits of geopolitical economy, considering the evident 2015 global economic crisis, forming the basis of geoeconomicology as a science on geopolitical economy and a geoeconomical mechanism, researching the defining traits of geoeconomic competition, considering the projected variants for post-crisis world order, and the influence of world order on geopolitical economy, researching the factors that impact the success of national economies.

Keywords: tools, globalization, analysis, technique, management, geopolitics, crisis, strategy, economy, geoeconomy

Abstract: The article deals with the possible use of venture capital investment in the modernization of the Russian economy development in the current crisis conditions. We explore the concept of "venture capital" and analyze the conditions of its use. This raises questions of liquidity, transparency, risk management, control and corporate governance. To study the problems of liquidity and transparency, we examine the two types of shares: shares of large enterprises and small private companies. The problem of risk venture capital investments also largely related to the size of the company. Uncertainty and investment risk is higher in the case of small private companies, rather than in the case of a large company that firmly stands on its feet. Particular attention is paid to the control and corporate governance, which is largely determined by the relationship between minority shareholders and shareholders holding large blocks of shares. We provide a definition and a brief analysis of the three main types of venture capital investments: a new venture project, refinancing and redemption. The assessment of venture capital is mainly based on the income-based approach and is usually reduced to determining the potential financial impact of venture capital investment. The article analyzes the main points related to this assessment. The method of this study is to analyze the practice of venture capital investments for the purpose of development of large and small companies, as well as key aspects of functioning said investments: liquidity, transparency, risk management, control and corporate governance. We have also analyzed the technique of using the income approach when evaluating venture capital investments. Innovative development of the Russian economy requires the use of new methods for financing projects, which allow to change the structure of the entire economy of the country relatively quickly. One such method is the use of venture capital investments. The novelty of the proposed study is that it provides not only a definition of "venture capital investment", but also analyzes the main aspects of their application: liquidity, transparency, risk management, control and corporate governance. Authors' contributions to the study of topics is also a detailed analysis of the three main types of venture capital investment - a new venture project, refinancing and redemption. In terms of assessment of new venture capital investment from a scientific point of view is the identification and analysis of the seven main points that affect the determination of their value from the perspective of the income approach.

Keywords: venture capital, liquidity, information transparency, investment risks, corporate governance, evaluation of venture capital, new venture project, venture investment, redemption, refinancing

Abstract: In this article, modest in size, the author skims the surface of the social and economic growth of Russia from the second half of XIX-th century till the Soviet “socialist” and post-Soviet “post-socialist” days of our country. This historical period was not chosen by accident. The author believes that more than one-and-half century of Russian history passed not just by dominating influence of capitalism, but rather in a state when one form of capitalism replaces another, leaving no place for “socialism”, let alone “communism”. The methodological basis of this work consists of the systemic, structural and functional, comparative and historical, comparative and economical approaches, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and modeling. If, at times, Russia’s forward movement displays certain regress to various forms of feudalism, this apparent deviation from the capitalist goal, in reality, is merely adaptation to dynamic environment, and does not actually mean the abandonment of the goal, just the search for new ways to achieve it.

Keywords: management, economy, Russia, Negation of negation Law, trends, political regime, state, interests, values, security

Abstract: Today we witness the situation of the large-scale political operation for the economic salvation of the Europeanoriented government in Ukraine. The International Monetary Fund is saving Ukraine. It is important that for Ukraine the Fund allows to provide money to cover the budgetary deficit in Ukraine, and not the balance of payments or support of national currency of Ukraine. Additionally, the Fund leaders do not trust the Government of Ukraine and intend to control incomes and spending of the state themselves. There has never been such a situation in the global practice. At the time when the treaty was concluded the terms for the Ukrainian credit were not finally agreed upon. The article contains comparative economic analysis of the situation in Ukraine, as well as in some states, which cooperated with the IMF. The International Monetary Fund approved the provision of credit to Ukraine for the restoration of its economy, which is undergoing a lasting crisis. The total amount of credit was 17,1 million USD.

Keywords: international relations, external policy, Ukraine, geopolitics, IMF, economics, finances, credit, security, conflict.

Abstract: This article reviews the problems of investigating the objective laws of economics and attempts to prove the view that the main economic law — the law of value — has two spheres of operation. A great educational benefit may be derived when analyzing the practice of socialism construction and the problems faced by the economics during that period, as it will help to see into the matter of economic laws and their effect, as well as consequences of their negation or poor interpretation. The thought which prevails in the considerations described above is that the laws have an objective character. However, the idea of the laws being either specific or general is doubtful, as well as the possibility of their limited operation. If an objective law exists, it can never be prevented from operation. The social laws probably face a number of deviating and counteracting factors, and do not provide instantaneous or automatic reaction to the situation. Supposedly, but not necessarily they have been mediated by vigorous human activity which significantly influence the processes and their results. Anyway, a certain perspective shows the objective economic necessity or law in its pure form. The author suggests that the overall equilibrium of economy can be achieved (and its crisis-free progress ensured) only provided that each of the spheres is balanced (the first one as a result of redistribution of property-related rights at the level of a business unit; the second one through the equivalent exchange on the market).

Keywords: objective laws, economics, law of value, marginal utility theory, labour theory, exchange, labour and property, market economy, overall equilibrium., planned economy

Abstract: The character of the production relations in the agricultural sphere in the Western African states, involving foreign and national private capital, as well as the state sector, is such, that they mostly function in the sphere of sales (buying and selling, supply and credit organizations). That is why the author pays special attention to the analysis of the secondary production relations, which in his opinion lessen the demand for the agricultural workforce. The author analyzes special directions of the agricultural evolutions due to the involvement of the foreign capital (green revolution), as well as the ways in which agricultural settlements (farmer settlements, multi-purpose co-operative societies), large mechanized farms, goods turnover co-operatives lower the amount of work needed in the agricultural sector. The author considers that the regulation of the activities of transnational corporations in the modern conditions is implemented by the supranational international political institutions, while the influence of the sovereign states upon the social and economic processes in the society is lessening. The author states that the long-term foreign economic state policy should become a crucial element of the national sustenance development strategy. The author also states that today the economic exchange cannot be brought apart from the sector distribution of production capabilities, structure of consumer system and the priority to the production of material goods, and it also is closely related to irrational use of human and natural resources. That is why in the opinion of the author while the agricultural economies of the Western African states remain at the early stage of capitalism development (turnover capitalism) the trade exchange between the industrial states and African states shall be a defining factor in the existence of unemployment and underemployment of the labor resources in the sphere of agriculture.

Keywords: foreign capital, the United Nations O rga n i z at ion, t he I nt e r n at ion al L ab or Organization, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, direct investments, transnational corporations, employable population, underemployment, green revolution, Western African states.

Abstract: The goal of the study is to analyze the sustainability of the Russian economy, to define and analyze the criteria, characterizing sustainability of an economic system, its correspondence to the long-term principles of sustainable development. The results of the study showed that the general structure of investments in the Russian Federation is not satisfactory from the viewpoint of goals and aims of sustainable development. In particular, a rather small share of investments is directed into agriculture, forestry, high-technology industry. The unreasonably large share of investments is used for infrastructure and consumption. The disproportion in the economy development structure grew in the last decade. The study of dynamics and investment processes showed that the real growth of investments is present in infrastructure and consumption spheres. The level of investments into agriculture, processing and extracting spheres has lowered, which stands for stagnation and lack of growth. The study showed that development of the economy of the Russian Federation does not meet the goals of sustainable development, as set forth in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation till 2020. In the XXI century Russia should formulate and consistently implement the sustainable development with the modernization of production, agriculture, public education on preservation of resources and environmental protection.

Keywords: economics, sustainable, development, investments, national, security, branch, structure, environment, modernization.