Abstract: The article is devoted to the quantitative assessment of the tax sensitivity of particular sectors of the economy. The subject of the study is a system of indicators characterizing the sectors of the economy at the macro and micro levels. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dependence of economic sectors on the tax burden. The paper focuses on the importance of taxes for the economic growth of the country's economy and sectoral differences caused by the level of technological development, regional conditions, as well as government regulation. A methodological approach developed by the author allowed to assess the tax sensitivity of individual industries, tested on the most important sectors for the Russian budget. The author analyzes the tax burden and revenues to the consolidated budget, identifies the industries that have the greatest impact on the budget and builds models for them that allow quantifying tax sensitivity across a set of organizations. Modern machine learning methods such as decision tree, gradient boosting, nearest neighbor method, as well as the classical linear regression method were used as analysis methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the possibility of using the developed methodological approach to assess differences in the tax sensitivity of individual sectors of the economy for making managerial decisions differentially for each individual sector. As a result of the conducted research, the high tax sensitivity of the extractive industry, manufacturing and construction industries has been revealed. The average level of tax sensitivity is typical for wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Low tax sensitivity was found in financial and insurance activities. Based on the results of the assessment, recommendations are proposed for the introduction of tax instruments into the activities of individual industries and a conclusion is made about the need to specialize tax incentive mechanisms by economic sectors in order to increase economic growth and optimize tax revenues.

Keywords: python programming language, linear regression, nearest neighbor method, gradient boosting, decision tree, machine learning methods, tax burden, forecasting models, industry specifics, tax sensitivity

Abstract: The tax burden of the regions is influenced by a whole range of factors, among which it is necessary to take into account the natural and climatic conditions. After all, the specialization of the regions, production capabilities, production volumes and, accordingly, the level of tax revenues to the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation depend on them. The article analyzes the tax potential of regions depending on the climatic factor. The subject of this study is a system of statistical indicators characterizing the natural and climatic conditions of the regions (temperature and precipitation in July and January for three years) and the economic results of their activities, including tax revenues to budgets. The aim of the work is to assess the influence of the climatic factor on the tax potential of the regions using the grouping method of cluster analysis.  The research method is cluster analysis (k-means method), implemented using the R programming language and its packages, which allows combining regions according to the similarity in climatic conditions, while minimizing variation within groups and maximizing intergroup differences. The results of the study can be applied in the development of recommendations at the state level on optimizing the tax burden of regions for regions with similar conditions. The novelty of the study lies in the possibility of assessing and comparing the characteristics of regions with similar climatic conditions in terms of tax potential, which is necessary to develop measures for the development of regions and increase their tax potential. As a result of the study, the influence of the climatic factor on the tax potential of the regions and the need to take it into account in combination with other factors is proved.

Keywords: regional development, taxes, k-means method, budget expenditures, precipitation, budget revenues, climatic conditions, average annual temperature, cluster analysis, tax potential

Abstract: The use of private digital assets based on distributed ledger technology and cryptography methods is increasing every year. The opportunities provided by crypto assets due to their special characteristics can be used when issuing digital assets controlled by the state. The subject of this article is the study of digital currencies of central banks (CBDC), the digital ruble, consideration of their differences from cryptocurrencies and the opportunities provided by them to strengthen tax control in the field of compliance with tax legislation by subjects of economic relations. The research was carried out using universal (analysis, generalization) and special legal methods of cognition (comparative legal, historical legal). The novelty of the study consists in updating approaches to identifying the essence of digital currencies of central banks, including the digital ruble and the possibility of their influence on compliance with tax legislation. As a result of the study, the author concluded that the need to introduce digital currencies of central banks is now under active study by the central banks of a large number of states. The advantages for users of these assets will be speed, availability of assets even in regions that are difficult to access for banking services and security from the state. For regulators, the introduction of these assets will reduce interest in cryptocurrencies, transactions with which are often made for illegal purposes, as well as give additional incentives in the fight against tax evasion.

Keywords: digital technologies, fiat money, tax evasion, digital ruble, digital assets, cryptocurrencies, digital currencies, blockchain, Central Bank of Russia, distributed ledger

Abstract: Modern conditions dictate new challenges for the economy in order to remedy structural imbalances. The answers to these challenges can only be in the format of innovations. The past six month showed that successful players on any markets became the economic entities that have been actively implementing innovations, namely digital technologies and products. From the economic perspective, tax incentivization has always been the most effective tool for the innovative economic activity. In view of this, the goal of this research lies in substantiation of tax incentives to encourage the implementation of digital innovations. The subject of this article is tax incentives for the implementation of digital innovations. Description is given to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing tax system of stimulating innovative activity in the Russian Federation, examination of tax incentives as the main tool for stimulating innovative activity in the Russian Federation, and formulation of the proposals for improving the legislation on taxes and fees for increasing the efficiency of innovation economy. The key principle of the development of tax mechanism is the selection of effective tax instruments that meet the objectives of the government and economic system. The implementation of digital innovations is much more dynamic due to the comprehensive use of the systems of mechanisms for regulating tax activity. As a result, the author determines the flaws in tax incentives aimed at encouraging the implementation of digital innovations, as well as develops recommendations for improving the methods of tax incentives for the implementation of digital innovations.

Keywords: incentive methods, economics, tax authorities, innovative activity, digital innovations, innovations, incentives, tax methods, introduction of digital innovations, innovative economy

Abstract: The subject of this research is the information and communication technologies in tax sphere applied in the Russian Federation and abroad. Full digitalization, automation and development of the advanced information technologies represent an intrinsic and inevitable process in the tax system of any country. The author examines in detail such aspects as the impact of electronic services of taxation authorities upon the efficiency of tax administration and convenience for the taxpayers; as well as analyzes the current trends of participation of tax administrations in social networks and platforms. The main research methods include analysis and synthesis, table and graphic presentation of information. The author concludes that the most effective tax administration and higher level of tax culture and literacy is traced in jurisdictions actively implementing information and communication technologies, electronic services and automated information systems. The recommendation is made on more active involvement of taxation authorities in the social medial platforms.

Keywords: UGAIC, ASC VAT-2, AIS Tax-3, automated information system, electronic service, information technology, tax relations, social network, tax administration, convenience of taxation

Abstract: Ongoing global crisis demonstrated the failure of standard neo-classical models in describing and predicting of economic system behavior. In this connection the authors suggest the agent-oriented model of agent behavior in a vertically integrated four-sector macro-economic system (households, fi rms, banks and government) in which interaction and diversity of agents are the main cause of appearance of new emergent properties of a system. This model is used as a computing laboratory analyzing the infl uence of money-and-credit and fi scal policy on behavior of economic agents in a controlled environment.

Keywords: taxes and taxation, agent-oriented model, institutional changes, economic growth, tax rate, monetary policy, heterogeneous agents, vertically-integrated economy, economic activity, formalized facts.

Abstract: The article views the terms ‘tax control’ and ‘control work of tax authorities’, describes principles of tax control as they are defined by famous authors, and suggests a new principle of control work of tax authorities, - the principle of information support.

Keywords: tax, control, principle, informatization, document workflow, information, automation, support, Code, administration.