Abstract: The subject of this study is the problem of the relationship between activity and human activity. The relevance of this topic is related to the fact that in the domestic psychological literature the categories “activity” and “activity” are often used. At the same time, there is no clear division of these categories. There is also no clear understanding of whether these categories are the same or different? Researchers often interpret the relationship between activity and human activity in different ways. Through the “universal” category, we try to establish a relationship between activity and human activity. Thus, the purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between activity and human activity. Objectives of the study: to analyze the available points of view in the literature on the problem of the relationship between activity and human activity; analyze human activity and activities involving the category of "universal"; identify differences between activity and human activity. In this study, we used the methods of comparative and theoretical analysis, as well as the analysis of scientific literature. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the problem of the correlation of human activity and activity is considered through the use of the category "universal", as well as the categories "essence" and "phenomenon".The main conclusions of the study are: 1. Human activity and activity correlate with each other as an essence and phenomenon; 2. Human activity, being the essence of activity, manifests itself in amateur activities; 3. Human activity is the process of actualization of a specifically universal one; 4. Activity is alienated from its source (activity), when it is not aimed at actualization of the concretely universal.

Keywords: self-movement, subject, activity, independent activity, appearance, essence, universal, human activity, working, subjectivity

Abstract: The article is devoted to comparative analysis of some social-psychological methods used to assess labor activity motivation with the view of defining their diagnostic potential. Four tests, diagnostic procedure and five questionnaires are considered in the comparative analysis. Reference data on each method (their full and short naming, developers, the date of issue, diagnostic method) is collected by the authors, analysis of the structure, situations and peculiarities of application of diagnostic tools is carried out, their assets and flaws are revealed. For purposes of describing and revealing diagnostic potential of social-psychological methods of assessing labor motivation, a set of characteristics is described by the authors.  Based on the latter, the comparison of diagnostic tools was consistently carried out. The authors describe the subject of research, theoretical and conceptual model, structure of the method, automation, execution and data processing time, and the scope ( tasks that can be solved). At the stage of data interpretation and formulating recommendations the classification method was introduced. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the authors define three groups of methods assessing motivation of labor activity. Methods of the first group allow to define types of motivation, methods of the second group disclose the structure (content) of labor motivation, methods of the third group help to discover the motivational area (the process of solving the work motivation task). Recommendations on selecting particular methods for assessing labor motivation are offered for scientific and practical objectives.

Keywords: work motivation, negative motivation, positive motivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, work motivation structure, diagnostics of work motivation, motivation type, multifactor inventory, motives ranking

Abstract: The article is devoted to comparative analysis of some social-psychological methods used to assess labor activity motivation with the view of defining their diagnostic potential. Four tests, diagnostic procedure and five questionnaires are considered in the comparative analysis. Reference data on each method (their full and short naming, developers, the date of issue, diagnostic method) is collected by the authors, analysis of the structure, situations and peculiarities of application of diagnostic tools is carried out, their assets and flaws are revealed. For purposes of describing and revealing diagnostic potential of social-psychological methods of assessing labor motivation, a set of characteristics is described by the authors.  Based on the latter, the comparison of diagnostic tools was consistently carried out. The authors describe the subject of research, theoretical and conceptual model, structure of the method, automation, execution and data processing time, and the scope ( tasks that can be solved). At the stage of data interpretation and formulating recommendations the classification method was introduced. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the authors define three groups of methods assessing motivation of labor activity. Methods of the first group allow to define types of motivation, methods of the second group disclose the structure (content) of labor motivation, methods of the third group help to discover the motivational area (the process of solving the work motivation task). Recommendations on selecting particular methods for assessing labor motivation are offered for scientific and practical objectives.

Keywords: work motivation, negative motivation, positive motivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, work motivation structure, diagnostics of work motivation, motivation type, multifactor inventory, motives ranking

Abstract: In their article the authors provide the results of theoretical analysis of the social and psychological theories of the ‘success’ phenomenon. The authors give an insight into the development of the psychology of success by describing the following levels of human life activity: • hedonistic (vital) level (the priority of material values over social values is observed here); • pragmatical (social) level (desire of wealth, power and glory as sources of social pleasures dominate over spiritual values); and • altruistic (existentional) level (‘internal’ or moral level when spiritual values dominate over material wealth). The authors also describe an integrated model of the reference image of success including synthesis and the general concept of all described types and forms of success. Theoretical and methodological bases of research include philosophical, ethical and psychological researches of existential problems and concepts describing peculiarities of success as a psychological category. For the first time in scientific literature the authors develop a theoretical model of success as a reference image consisting of the following three levels: 1 – individual success (‘for my own benefit’), 2.collective success (‘cooperation’); 3. success in service «for the benefit of others». The authors note that the process of achievement of success depends on purposes that are set by a person based on one of three options of the reference image of success.

Keywords: success, altruism, hedonism, American dream, cooperation, helping behavior, egoism, pro-social behavior, material wealth, reference image of success.

Abstract: The present research is based on the analysis of interdependency of characteristics of the subjective picture of life path and creativity demonstrated by a group of successful individuals in order to make practical recommendations on how to teach young people to activate and use their creative potentials in the process of building their life according to their own desires and opportunities. In other others, the purpose of the research is to provide statistical summary of successful (i.e. creative) individuals building their life path. Respondents involved in the research worked at academic and research institutions and had a PhD in medicine or technical science (or good position at a university) and also had families. The results of the research showed that creative people were naturally active on their life path and demonstrated interest towards learning and creating new things, set life goals and clearely understood how to achieve them, had large-scaled life goals and understood the causal and purpose connections between events.

Keywords: picture of life path, creativity, causometria, divergent thinking, success, biographical method, life program, the scale of life targets, strategy, rationality.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of appearance discrimination. The author analyzes theoretical and experimental works of foreign researchers devoted to such type of discrimination at lookism. Lookism is the term that is used in foreign literature and describes the phenomenon of discrimination of beautiful people, noteworthy that authors of many publications describe the ‘positive’ discrimination. These foreign researches of discrimination in different interaction situations show that beautiful people tend to receive a higher salary, receive better grades as students and etc. The author of the present article also provides the results of the empiric research of discrimination of good-looking people. Based on the study of Russian respondents, there is the appearance discrimination in Russia (about 89% of all cases) and it is usually lookism (‘positive’ discrimination of beautiful people) and discrimination of people who are too fat/skinny or taller/shorter than average height.

Keywords: discrimination, lookism, attractive appearance, beauty, categorization, attitude, benefit, stereotype, interaction, appearance.

Abstract: The article describes peculiarities of creative thinking, main theories of thinking and specifics of the achievement motivation. The author reveals how the achievement motivation influences personal creative activity and compares creativity and critical thinking and how critical thinking influences the creativity process. It is concluded that in order to achieve success, one needs not only potentials and also desire, commitment and persistence.

Keywords: psychology, creativity, creation, cogitation, abilities, motivation, achieving success, potential, commitment, persistence, critics, self-regulation.

Abstract: The author of the article provides a brief history of theoretical and experimental establishment of the author’s conception in the sphere of psychology of happiness associated with personal self-fulfillment. Modern variant of personality oriented conception of happiness is described through interaction of the two many-level systems – Selfishness and Personal Uniqueness. It is the first time in Russian psychology that selfishness and personal uniqueness are shown as a system and their productive interaction giving birth to new psychological states is described.

Keywords: psychology, eudaimonia, hedonism, happiness, personal uniqueness, selfishness, system approach, personality oriented conception, Psychology of Happiness, Conception of Happiness.

Abstract: The article attempts to answer the question of what professional and personal qualities one must have to become a successful real estate agent, what are the internal and external factors affecting the success of professional staff. A brief overview of the specifics of real estate activities is given. The article views the concepts of addiction and the ability for a particular activity. Author analyses the influence of the dynamic characteristics on the formal scope of the individual ability to be successful in real estate activities, gives a professional and psychological portrait of a successful realtor.

Keywords: psychology, successful activities, real estate, temperament, inclination, ability, formal and dynamic properties of the personality, motivation to achieve success, internality, extroversion.

Abstract: The article describes the main approaches and conceptions of training of future teachers under conditions of information environment of the institution. The author also gives the definition of the ‘common information space’ and lists the advantages and disadvantages of the modern system of training of computer science teachers. The modern stage of modernization of the system of education shows a growing interest of the main actors of educational process in such training and methods.

Keywords: teaching, teacher, computer sciences, environment, institution, technologies, methods, education, process, participants.

Abstract: The article analyzes peculiar terms of the apparatus of positive psychology and its opportunity to adapt and transform in Russian psychology. The author of the article makes several important remarks related to purposes and software of the most significant trends of possible development of positive psychology in Russia.

Keywords: psychology, positive, terminology, inner, force, education, programs, communication, happiness, conscience.

Abstract: The article provides psychological description of an entrepreneur’s personality and activity. The author of the article reveals the innovative nature of such activity, challenges in its standardization and algorithmization, describes attitudes to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs in a modern Russian society and shows difficulties in development of entrepreneurship in Russia which is caused by various social, economic and psychological factors. It is underlined that there is a certain need in defining objective laws forming the basis of success of entrepreneurship activity. The author of the article also considers social and psychological contradictions conditioning positive perception of entrepreneurship and negative attitude towards entrepreneurs in a Russian society.

Keywords: psychology, entrepreneurship, activity, success, professional competence, direction, autonomy, personality, stress resistance.

Abstract: The article studies the possibilities of indirect diagnostics of professionally oriented personal meanings that are usually realized in a career. Leaders and executives who participated in the study were to write about their biggest professional achievement (success) and their biggest professional failure. Qualitative analysis of those texts allowed to define the differences between the two groups of respondents. Using subjective and objective criteria for self-evaluation of their own work, ‘leaders’ demonstrated their orientation towards ‘activity’ (their performance, sufficient/ insufficient skills) while ‘executives’ more often showed orientation towards support/correction of their professional self-conception.

Keywords: psychology, career, personal meanings, criteria for self-evaluation, professional success, professional failure, leaders, executives, qualitative methods, textual methods.

Abstract: The article considers the problem of social adaptation of students to their professional teaching activity. According to the author, formed professional competence is an important and essential condition for successful adaptation to a professional environment. The author also describes attitudes of students towards the factors determining a successful social adaptation to a profession.

Keywords: pedagogy, society, student, profession, adaptation, activity, competence, factors, formed, indicator.

Abstract: The term ‘scenario’ is analyzed by various theories in psychology as well as humanitarian approaches. The author of the article suggests to view ‘scenario’ as a many-component image of a communicative event. Psychological content of ‘scenario’ is defi ned by the person’s identifi cation in a concrete interaction confi ned by the positive personal identifi cation.

Keywords: psychology, scenario, personality, situation, archetype, transaction, role, identity, identification, image.

Abstract: The article proves the effectiveness of technologies of professional personality development oriented at personal and professional development of sociotechnical professions – private drivers. It is evidently shown that there is a certain need in special psychological training of private drivers. It is also shown that practical application of a specially developed training seminar allows to increase the professional effectiveness of private drivers.

Keywords: psychology, development, drivers, training, technologies, factors, predicators, self-consciousness, qualities, professionalism

Abstract: The cultural concept of ‘scenario’ is viewed from a psychological point of view. From this point of view it fixates identities of participants. The study is focused on scenarios of socialization of children of post-soviet emigrants to the USA. Identity, in its turn, defines perception and valuation of events and people around. The identity crisis is caused by unavoidable collision of scenarios typical for American and Russian societies. The author suggests an original technique ‘Family Pattern” for comparison of culturally predetermined family patterns.

Keywords: psychology, scenarios, socialization, identity, emotions, modality

Abstract: The article describes the results of the free associative experiment held between students of Moscow Teachers’ Training University who were specialized in English. Students were given 15 words in both languages. They answered very quickly, without thinking, in a corresponding language. Then the author studied similarities and differences in English and Russian verbal associations and measured how fast the response was. It was concluded that the better a student knew English, the faster his response was while the types of associations used were the same in both languages.

Keywords: psychology, teaching, linguistic potentials, free associative experiment, verbal association, ‘language’ personality, categorical, incidence, possessive

Abstract: The author analyzes the life path of modern leaders and leading professionals. The author studied the following parameters of activity of future leaders in schools and universities: social work, educational activities, out-of-school activities. Then the author compared these parameters with the same parameters of activity of future leading specialists. It is shown that there is no correlation between the form of the chosen career (professional and a leader) and progress in studies but there is a certain correlation between future specialists’ choice and active social work in schools and universities. Surprisingly, it has been found out that future professionals are usually more active and socially successful during their studies while future leaders are less active in their social life and social work. The author also explained the phenomenon mentioned above.

Keywords: psychology, management, social work, life path, personality, tike, activity, labor, education, profession

Abstract: Development of methods of field experiment resulted in principals and methods of evaluating socially significant projects applicable to life. “Sesame Street” project is a TV project as long as life. It is shown how methods of evaluating this project have been changing throughout almost 40 years.

Keywords: psychology, evaluation methods, effectiveness, education, project, social, skills, literacy, teleproduction