Abstract: The presented article is devoted to the problem of identifying and describing life strategies in old age. The theoretical part of the article shows the importance of "separating" similar terms often used in the study of the elderly as synonyms: "strategy", "paradigm", "model", etc. It is proposed to understand a life strategy in the spirit of activity and victimological approaches as general plans subordinated to a common goal that is fundamentally important for the functioning and development of personality, which requires the mobilization of resources both in previous ages and in the current one to ensure a safe, comfortable life at a young age. The fundamental importance of the victimological approach in the formulation of life strategies in old age is proved, since this age is the most sensitive to victimization. Biographical, autobiographical and meaningful content analysis were used as research methods. The materials of the analysis were the content of websites on the Internet, where the problems of the elderly are actively discussed. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying and describing the main life strategies in old age and their victimological assessment. Thus, such strategies were identified and described as: labor, family, home/country, sports strategy; hobby strategy; religious strategy and victim strategy. In addition, variants of these strategies were meaningfully highlighted. It is concluded that any strategy of life in old age should have the security of one's personality as the main meaning of leading activities, since it is by this age that victimization trends are increasing. Victimization, in principle, begins to be age-related. Each of the described strategies has its limitations depending on the level of health, success in the profession, family status and other factors. Therefore, for successful functioning in old age, it must be borne in mind that the most preferred strategy may not be implemented due to objective circumstances. Hence, it is necessary to have backup options for life strategies in old age and provide preparation for them in other age periods. A consciously chosen "victim" strategy is the most ineffective, since the conditions of its implementation victimize an elderly person, etc.

Keywords: life models, life paradigms, personality, safety, content analysis, anti-victim personality, life strategies, personal development, old age, strategy options

Abstract: In this article, the purpose of the research was to study the impact of combining professional and educational activities on the indicators of stress resistance of adult students in connection with the growing importance of higher education and a large number of competencies in the labor market in order to be a competitive person. Moreover, modern society is undergoing a number of changes that are reflected in various areas of life, which additionally affects the physical and psychological health of a person. Thus, 334 people took part in the study among the respondents: 187 students in the magistracy and 147 not studying at the moment. Techniques for determining stress resistance were used - a test for stress resistance according to the method of K. Schreiner and a test for stress resistance by Holmes and Rage, as well as a method for determining neuropsychic instability "Forecast". The results showed that students in the magistracy have lower stress resistance than adults who do not study, which indicates high workloads associated with the implementation of various types of employment at the same time. For example, many adult learners have families, minor children, dependent parents, other social activities, etc. Thus, the factor of combining professional and educational activities, indeed, affects the instability to stressful experiences, indicating the urgent need to develop adaptive skills of adult respondents.

Keywords: educational activity, employment, professional activity, adult, health, higher education, training, magistracy, stress resistance, stress

Abstract: Following the rapid technological progress, economic development and improvement of living conditions in China, attention has been paid not only to the practical suitability of everyday goods, furniture and household appliances, food and cosmetics, but also to the design, ergonomics and uniqueness of each thing. As a result, the upbringing and development of design thinking among the younger generation has become of great importance. Nevertheless, design-oriented educational programs appeared relatively late in the country, and children's education in the field of design has remained a rather rare phenomenon. The article examines the importance of art education for the development of design thinking in children using a number of practical examples. The scientific novelty of the study is a comparative analysis of methods of teaching design to children in the framework of extracurricular art education in China and other countries of the world – the USA and Japan. As a result of the research, a number of problems existing in children's art education are identified, ways of solving them are proposed that may be of practical value for teachers and educators of other countries. The role of the family, the state and society in the formation and development of design thinking in children is revealed. The importance of socio-cultural resources in attracting children to creative activities in the field of design has been established.

Keywords: situational learning, organization of extracurricular education, China, creative abilities, socio-cultural resources, design thinking, teaching children, design, extracurricular art education, aesthetic abilities

Abstract: The presented article is devoted to the problem of the formation and use of human capital in old age. It is shown that modern studies of human capital focus on the psychological characteristics of this phenomenon, including the study of late ontogenesis. Particular attention is paid to the victimological characteristics of human capital in old age, which is implicitly present in a number of scientific studies, but is not specifically singled out as a special layer of research. As a research method, a case method was used with subsequent processing of case texts by the method of meaningful content analysis. Two types of cases were created: generalized, reflecting typical problems of the elderly, and individually defined, fixed on a pronounced fact, but having a general social significance in the future. The material of the cases was conversations with older people, materials from the media, examples from judicial practice, etc. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the application of the victimological approach, which consists in highlighting the victim problems of human capital in the elderly, as well as in suggesting ways to neutralize some of the victim factors affecting on older people. It is noted that human capital in old age has both advantages and disadvantages compared to other ages. It has been revealed that the traditionally distinguished advantages of old age in knowledge, experience and professionalism can become, if they are not in demand, factors of victimization of both the elderly themselves and their environment. It is concluded that one of the significant elements of human capital in old age is the psychological readiness for life in late ontogenesis based on special knowledge and skills, including financial planning for this period of life. The results of the work can be used in the development of social programs to help the elderly, including programs that teach the rational use of human capital.

Keywords: life satisfaction, personal dignity, security, content analysis, case method, victimization, anti-victim properties, victim properties,, human capital, old age

Abstract: The article is devoted to the specifics of adaptive navigation of individuals with intellectual impairments in the social environment. Characteristics of the cognitive sphere of intellectually impaired affect the perception and interpretation of public signs. The subject of the study is social navigation sign decoding. The object of the study is the ability to interpret social signs of young adolescents with intellectual impairments. The author considers such aspects as a social adaptation of persons with disabilities, navigation aids for people with special needs, features of visual perception of graphic images as elements of the public space sign environment of people with intellectual impairments. The main conclusion of the study is the confirmation of a lower ability of students with intellectual disabilities to decode public signs correctly compared with the control group. The general relevance of the navigation signs comprehension is highlighted, which is because of the studying the graphic navigation rules as a part of the educational process. The author's special contribution to the research field is the empirical validation of the fact that the combination of complex sign elements has a negative effect on the decoding of informative stimuli for orientation in the social environment. Effective sign navigation is conditioned by commonly accepted standards and considers cognitive limitations of persons with intellectual disturbances.

Keywords: public signs, navigation, adaptation, public environment, decoding, interpretation, perception, intellectual disturbance, standardization of the sign environment, accessible environment

Abstract: The subject of the study is the use of the possibilities of the director's game for the development of dialogic speech in older preschool children. The study was conducted on the basis of a preschool group at MBOU No. 12 in Minusinsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia). The study involved 40 preschoolers. The age of preschoolers is 5 – 6 years. The relevance of the study is determined by the need of preschool pedagogy to use the possibilities of the game, including director's, as a means of mastering dialogue and dialogic speech of older preschool children. We conducted a study consisting of a ascertaining, formative and control experiment. The director's game "We are going to a birthday party" was developed. After analyzing the results of the study, its ascertaining stage, we came to the conclusion that children mainly have a low and average level of ability to maintain a dialogue. They found it difficult to answer questions, often thought about the teacher's questions, asked again, gave monosyllabic answers, did not know how to comment on their statements, could not defend their position in the dialogue. The children experienced embarrassment and tightness when making contact. The answers to the questions were monosyllabic, the replicas carried little information, important details were omitted. We suggested that the director's play can have an impact on the development of dialogue in children. She teaches children to conduct a dialogue correctly, develops the ability to maintain a dialogue, dialogical relations. During the control stage, the hypothesis of the study was confirmed. In the group of preschoolers where the director's game was used, the level of mastering dialogic speech became higher compared to the group where the director's game was not used.

Keywords: development, education, teacher, preschoolers, story, dialogic speech, dialog, directing game, game, communication

Abstract: The article examines the concept of addiction and the features of an addictive personality through the prism of the attachment-based development approach of Gordon Neufeld. Neurophysiological features of the formation of the "addictive brain" are shown. The phenomenon of healthy mature attachment as a space of addiction therapy is investigated. The necessity of focusing on the choice and responsibility of an addictive personality is substantiated. The concept of a "separation complex" in the understanding of Gordon Neufeld is analyzed. The relationship between addiction and trauma, addiction and love is analyzed. The thesis about the interchangeability of addictions is revealed. The concept of post-traumatic growth of an addictive personality is investigated, provided that the responsibility for satisfying hunger and eliminating deficits in relation to oneself and others is realized. The article for the first time analyzes the formation of addiction within the framework of the attachment-based development approach of Gordon Neufeld. The directions for reinterpretation of trauma from the point of view of its contribution to the growth of personality are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the choice, freedom, responsibility of an addictive personality for the realization of his own potential

Keywords: Gordon Neufeld, regress, separation complex, posttraumatic growth, trauma, Gabor Mate, addiction, addictive personality, choice, love

Abstract: The subject of the study is gender and age differences as factors of autoaggressive behavior of adolescents. An empirical study was conducted at secondary school No. 2 in the village of Yemelyanovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai. The analysis of gender differences in age dynamics and the prevalence of forms of suicidal behavior showed that among young men, students in grade 9, there was no pronounced dynamics in the prevalence of various forms of suicidal behavior. There is a tendency to a noticeable increase in suicide attempts in the 10th grade-2%, in 11-3%. A similar trend was observed in the prevalence of suicidal intentions. The level of intentional self-harm is higher in grade 10. In teenage girls, unlike boys, the first peak of autoaggressive manifestations is observed in the 9th grade. Then the level of suicidal attempts, suicidal intentions and intentional self-harm is significantly reduced. The results of the study showed that the forms of suicidal behavior in which autoaggression is manifested, suicidal intentions are most common in both girls (36%) and boys (29%). Suicidal intentions in this case include frequent thoughts and ideas about their own death. About 2% of girls and 8% of boys committed suicide attempts, which had a demonstrative, "blackmail" or protest character. For adolescent boys, such risk indicators as aggressive behavior, a tendency to vandalism, and a tendency to risk were more significant. For girls, the more characteristic risk indicators were lack of attention, a tendency to tantrums, a feeling of loneliness, etc. Common trends for boys and girls are: low self-esteem, friendship with older people, short temper, disappointment in personal life.

Keywords: age dynamics, risk of suicidal behavior, auto-aggressive behavior, the level of subjective control, age differences, gender differences, teenagers, autoaggression, suicidal behavior, suicide

Abstract: This article analyzes and describes the results of research on representations on the future fields of activity of modern youth. A total of 1,538 respondents aged 14 to 28 years participated in the research. They were asked to name five main activities that expect to be engaged in five years from now. The goal of this work lies in studying the gender and institutional differences in perception of the future types of activity among youth. The article examines the topic of development in adolescence as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood. The transition of adolescence is determined by comparison of the development type with the leading field of activity. It is demonstrated that selection of the type of activity associated with arrangement of personal life or professional activity, young individuals limit their future to a single sphere. Gender peculiarities in representations of future career of young ladies are associated with the arrangement of their personal life, while of young men – with entertainment and health. The students of vocational secondary education associate their future with work and family, as well as games and entertainment, while for the university students, this niche is taken by creativity and traveling.

Keywords: gender differences, types of activities, boys and girls, future, youth, activity, image of the future, youthful age, institutional differences, age development

Abstract: The goal of this article lies in establishing possible dependence of the age status and the rate of aging of the individual with their intimate and sexual relations. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of correlation between satisfaction with intimate-sexual relations and the parameters of age and biopsychological aging. It is empirically determined that the overall satisfaction and dissatisfaction with intimate-sexual relations reduce with age, while the component of “mutual satisfaction” enhances. The increase of age status is associated with inclination of evaluations in the intimate-sexual relations towards negative characteristics. The high rates of aging, on the contrary, create grounds for satisfactory assessment of intimate-sexual relations. The acquired conclusions testify that the opinions of people with different age status and rates of biopsychological aging in assessing satisfaction in the intimate-sexual sphere are quite unified, particularly in terms of the characteristics of “desirability”. Psychological youthfulness of people in the intimate-sexual sphere is related to the parameter of “activity” and priority of “stability with the regular partner” over the desire to experiment through inclusion aggression and easy to approach partners in the repertoire of sexuality. For persons with high rate of biological aging are observed the priority of “mutuality”, sense of intimate-sexual satisfaction, and a no desire to experiment. The novelty of this research is lies in differentiation of the contribution of age status and rate of aging into personal subjective assessment of the intimate-sexual sphere. The author outlines the most significant interrelations between the type of age and the rate of aging and the characteristics of intimate-sexual satisfaction, which gives a more accurate perspective on the contribution of meaningful sexual relationships to the processes of longevity, and choice of adequate strategies for educational and counseling purposes, as well as therapy.

Keywords: relationships, intimate-sexual, longevity, aging, biological, chronological, psychological, age, sexuality, satisfaction

Abstract:   The need in social intelligence emerges when there is clash of interests and a work-around solution is required for successful interaction. Obstacles towards achieving the goal motivates a person to look for unconventional solutions to a communication problem. Matrix of a new social intelligence test among preschoolers and elementary schoolers is proposed. The advantage of this test over the traditionally used picture-based surveys is that it does not require a developed symbolic function. As a prototype of the simulated communication situation, the author used a situation of uncertainty in achieving the goal, clash of interests of the characters, and more than one scenario of finding a work-around solution for reaching a desirable result. These requirements were met by the attempt to rob the armored truck by a criminal who was able to eavesdrop on the conversation between the driver and the dispatcher to determine which of the simultaneously traveling trucks carried the money. The driver had to report to the dispatcher in a way that would be understood by the dispatcher, but not the criminal. Unlike the earlier methods of assessment of social intelligence, the proposed play-based is built upon realistic simulation that can be understood by children aged 6-12. This simulation allows for careful assessment of social intelligence of children involved into a captivating game of finding optimal behavioral strategy in a situation where they have to communication with a partner, while encrypting the information for other people, but without outright lying.  

Keywords: cognitive development, play, play-based test, communication, conflict of interests, social intelligence, intelligence, diagnostical methods, theory of mind, understanding of others

Abstract: The goal of this research is to determine personal resources as potential predictors of the quality of life of elderly people. The article cites data of the survey conducted on 277 elderly people, aged from 55 to 85 (220 women and 57 men), who were divided into two groups: the first is cluster group are those dissatisfied with their physical wellbeing, experience more limitations in their physical activity execution of daily routine due to their overall health; second cluster group mostly expresses satisfaction with their physical and psychological functionality. As the diagnostic tool, this work employed the following: SF-36 questionnaire (J. Ware), “Differential Emotions Scale” (C. Izard), “Psychological Autobiography” (E. Y. Korzhova); assessment of the degree of openness/closedness to self and the world (natural, social, cultural), Assessment of Coping Strategies in Different Fields (E. Haim), “Value Orientations” M. Rokeach. It turned out that respondents from the second cluster group possess a more positive modality of temporal transspective and semantic saturation, accomplishment of the life path, system of coping strategies that allows distancing from hardships, keeping hope and assuredness in a positive outcome of any situation, openness towards themselves and the social world, value of health, happy family life, and productive life.  

Keywords: physical component of health, potential, emotions, value orientations, psychological well-being, self-regulation, quality of life, elderly people, mental component of health, potential, coping strategies

Abstract: This article substantiates the relevance of studying psychological separation as a determinant of the establishment of goal setting at student age. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of correlation between the elements of psychological separation and the goal setting characteristics of youth from nuclear families. The psychological separation induces tension in the relationship with parents, which are fundamental for goal setting development determining the life orientation of youth. Special attention is given to the analysis of interconnection of emotional, functional, attitudinal and conflict components of separation from parents with regards to development of goal setting in children. Psychodiagnostic complex comprised of four methods was applied for identification of peculiarities of the components of psychological separation, value-semantic (values-goals, values-means, life-meaningful orientations) and operational (self-regulation of arbitrary actions) characteristics of goal setting. The article presents the results of correlation and factor analysis proving the existence of specificities and structure of interdependence of goal setting of youth on psychological separation from parents. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the peculiarities of separation from parents and their correlation with goal setting, as well as their contribution to personal development at student age, are interpreted from the perspective of functional approach.

Keywords: value-semantic characteristics of goal-setting, goal setting, functional separation, conflict separation, attitive separation, emotional separation, psychological separation, operational characteristics of goal-setting, determining system, psychological stress

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of “parent-child” relationships in families raising children of early adolescent age. The author brings up the issue of insufficient methodological work on empirical research parent-child relationship, and proposes to examine the problems from the positions of subject-activity approach. Special attention is given to the analysis of the parent-child relationships early adolescent age from the perspective of formedness of parent-child commonness as a collective subject. The author meticulously examines such aspects of the topic as peculiarities of the structure of relationship at the stage of early adolescent age, stylistic specificities of parental regard during this period, as well as aspects of interpersonal experiences pointing to psychological crisis in a parent-child relationship. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the peculiarities of parent-child relationships during the period of child’s entry into the teenage crisis is interpreted from the positions of subject-activity approach. It is determined that parent-child relationships during this period of the child’s life is characterized by significant range of versions of emotional and behavioral responses. The procedure of factor analysis used in this research allows to structurally describe only half of the interconnected changes of indicators of parent-child relationships. We can observe emergence mismatch of feelings of a parent and young teenager regarding functionality of the parent-child system; there are markers of emergence of a crisis in the formation of parent-child commonness as collective subject. There is evidence of versions of socially unacceptable behavior of a child in response to an overly demanding treatment of a parent.

Keywords: teenager, impairments of interpersonal relations, young adolescence, collective subject, mother, child-parental relations, teenage crisis, subjectivity, subject-activity approach, styles of parental attitude

Abstract: The subject of this research is the actual state of deviant behavior among teenagers in the region (Orenburg). Socio-psychological monitoring was conducted using specially developed set of questionnaires for various demographics of respondents (teenagers, parents, juvenile inspectors, public school teachers). The goal of the monitoring consists in carrying out a detailed analysis on the subject of research. A hypothesis is put forth that in order to organize a working system of preventative and corrective measures regarding deviant behavior among teenagers, it is necessary to monitor the state of the social phenomenon at the present time, taking into account its specificity (regional, gender-age, etc.). The research allowed determining the realistic picture of the state of deviant behavior among minors in Orenburg, as well as general understanding and opinion of respondents on this social phenomenon. The scientific novelty lies in development of questionnaires, intended for conducting socio-psychological monitoring. The practical significant of the research is defined by the fact that it is aimed towards increasing the efficiency and improving the work of the Minors Affairs Department, as well as psychological services of the department in the aspect of earlier proactive cater and correction of deviant behavior of teenagers. The conclusion is made that despite the seemingly favorable statistical data on the state of deviant behavior among teenagers, the actual situation discovered with the help of questionnaires testifies that the unfolding regional sociocultural situation of development of a minor and their socialization is rather unfavorable in the key living parameters, creating problems in personal development and leading to disharmony in regard of self and the surrounding people.

Keywords: preventive work, correction, prevention, questioning, socio-psychological monitoring, adolescents, minors, crime, deviant behavior, social environment

Abstract: The subject of the research is the psychological peculiarities of cognitive development and motivation of elementary school children demonstrated in the process of solution of covergent tasks under conditions of different motivational attitudes. Within the framework of this research, convergent tasks mean the tasks that have only one solution. Gavrilova analyzes what psychological peculiarities of cognitive development such as nonverbal intelligence and creativity and motivation such as leading motives, attributive style of explanation of successes and failures (Martin Seligman), leading motivation attitude (Carol Dweck) affect the success of convergent solutions most of all under the conditions of this or that motivational attitude created by the verbal instruction of an experimentor. The main research methods used by the author includes experiment and psychological tests. The experiment included three series of surveys depending on different motivational attitudes, neutral, competitive and negative. The psychodiagnostics allowed to define psychological peculiarities of cognitive development and motivation of children who participated in the research. The main conclusion of the research is that there are particular psychological features of cognitive development and motivation of elementary school students that predetermine success of solving convergent tasks under conditions of particular motivational attitudes. Noteworthy that there are factors that directly relate to the success of convergent solutions and there are factors that prove to be important when only one motivational attitude is used. 

Keywords: success in solving tasks, cognitive development, primary school age, attitude, motivational attitude, convergent tasks, thinking, tasks, motivation, motivation and thinking

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the dominant coping strategies in difficult life situations as well as behavioral strategies as a possible witness of gerontological violence. In order to carry out a more detailed analysis of the characteristics of coping strategies in the group of elderly people with experience of gerontological violence, the coping strategies of the respondents of cluster groups, selected according to the criteria of openness / closeness to themselves, the cultural, social and natural world, were subjected to comparative analysis. This criterion is considered as a psychological resource of human self-development. As a diagnostic tool, the following methods were used: “Assessment of coping strategies in different fields” (E.Haim), a questionnaire aimed at studying the psychological content of gerontological violence (P. V. Puchkov, 2009), in particular, to analyze behavioral strategies the authors focus on respondents' answers to the questions “If you witnessed violence directed at older people, what would you do?”. Bozehnkova has used the following methods of statistical processing: descriptive statistics and Pearson χ2. It has been revealed that elderly people who have experienced gerontological violence expect to receive help in coping with emotional experiences from the outside, either through “passive cooperation” (they trust other people to overcome their difficulties) or by asking for help, which is confirmed by a statistically significant frequency of behavioral coping strategy "appealing to others". They can resort to various sedatives as evidenced by the coping strategy “compensation” which is more often used than the control group.

Keywords: neglect, economic violence, physical violence, psychological violence, openness-the closeness, quality of life, coping strategies, gerontological violence, elderly people, self-regulation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of psychophysiological and personality correlates of successful professional education of would-be operators. The data of the socio-psychological study and psycho-physiological examination of young people showed that in modern demographic and social conditions, young men often do not have sufficient prerequisites for achieving successful military-professional adaptation during the training period, which places increased demands on the functional state of the body and the personality of the cadets. These indicators should be determined at the stage of enrollment in a military school, as well as in the process of training in the framework of medical and psychological support for students. Taking into account the cumulative expert assessments, the cadets are divided into two groups of learning success: “more successful” and “less successful”. The research methodology involves a comparative study in groups. The success of the cadets mastering the curriculum and the formation of professional competencies, including mastering the skills of the communications operators, are related to the presence and severity of a number of psychophysiological and personal qualities: strength and high endurance of the nervous system, high mobility and balance of the nervous processes; the level of verbal and non-verbal intelligence, the quality of logical and spatial thinking, high-speed cognitive characteristics, indicators of productivity and reliability (efficiency) of mental activity; high level of neuropsychic stability, development of communicative and moral qualities; military professional orientation and low propensity to deviant behavior and suicidal risk.

Keywords: medical and psychological support, operator, cadet, personality traits, psychophysiological characteristics, professional education, success, adaptation, intellectual development, activity

Abstract: The object of the research in the proposed article is a secondary linguistic personality, and the subject is the process of its development in the framework of teaching a foreign language. The article focuses on the role of the linguistic personality as a goal and at the same time the result of language teaching in the context of the approval of the intercultural paradigm in the humanities. Considering that in communication and in social interaction a person manifests himself as a person, the issues of personal development by means of a language, in particular a foreign one, are actualized. It is in this plane that linguopedagogical activity is suppressed with the study of the concept of a linguistic personality as a personality, manifesting itself in the linguistic space and using linguistic means. The methodology of the presented research reflects the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the stated problems and is deductive in nature. It is based on the analysis of the content of the concepts “personality” and “linguistic personality” as being more general in relation to the phenomenon of the secondary linguistic personality. The method of abstraction allows you to select from the general picture of the views and ideas about the structure and content of the personality, linguistic personality and secondary linguistic personality those of its components that can serve as specific objects and vectors of linguopedagogical activity. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that attracting quite a lot in modern humanities phenomenon has been studied both in the psycholinguistic and linguodidactic context, while the former creates a substantive and methodological basis for the latter. It also seems to be a new approach, in which three related, but rarely found together, concepts are exposed to structural-content analysis and identification of connections: personality, language personality and secondary language personality.

Keywords: intercultural communication, conception of personality, personality structure, secondary language personality, language personality, personality, personality development, method of teaching, form of teaching, linguo-education

Abstract: The subject of the research is self-esteem of teenagers who study at rural and country schools. The object of the research is self-awareness. The hypothesis of the research is the following. Based on the assumption that self-esteem of teenagers who study at country schools is different from that of teenagers who study at rural schools, the authors suspect that the most significant difference is their self-awareness, and rural school students have higher levels of self-awareness and reflection. The theoretical basis of the research is general theoretical researches of foreign and Russian scientists on such problems as personality development, self-awareness and development of self-esteem, psychological features of teenagers and self-esteem of teenagers. In the course of their research the authors used the following methods: theoretical, psychodiagnostic methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis, interpretation, methods of mathematical statistics (Mann–Whitney U test, F-test, and factor analysis). The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors discover the most significant differences in self-awareness of teenagers woh study at rural and country schools. Rural school students have higher levels of developed self-awareness and reflection. Significant differences were discovered in such scales as Openness, Self-Confidence, Self-Guidance, Self-Value, Selff-Attachment, and Self-Accusation. Self-esteem of rural teenagers depend on the degree of openness and self-awareness of their Self as well as the feeling of attachment to their Self. Their negative self-esteem and self-attitude are caused by internal debates and doubts in their bilities. Self-esteem of country teenagers depend on opinions of their surroundings. Their positive self-esteem is based on being interested in their own Self and their negative self-attitude and self-esteem are usually caused by the lack of sympathy from others. 

Keywords: sympathy, self-attitude, self-regulation, self-evaluation, self-awareness, I-concept, shaping, personality, becoming, education

Abstract: The subject of the research is individual chronotope as psychological basis for personality transformations occuring in the process of construction and projection of one's life path. The purpose of the research is to analyse chronotopic grounds for development of functionining of personality in terms of variety of directions (vectors) of life trajectories. Functions of individual chronotope are inclusion, fixation and preservation of new life meanings and attitudes to oneself, others and the world), particularities and features, forms and methods of interaction with their further actualisation in various life spheres. To achieve the research purpose, the author has used conceptual provisions of a number of approaches such as systems approach that reveals complex systems nature of such processes as formation, development and determinism; situation-based approach that describes the unity of external and internal realities of personality;and psychosocial approach that integrates principles of personality, subject, development and determinism. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author proves temporal and topological grounds for personality dynamics in terms of variety of life trajectories. The main conclusions are the following. As a result of the influence of external and internal factors, there can be three main vectors or variants of personality dynamics in the process of chronotope formation. These variants of personality dynamics reflect constructive, stagnating and destructive tendencies and these are ascending, constant and descending vectors. Deformation and distortion of individual chronotope are caused by the focus on unsolvable life problem or past event (past choice preference). 

Keywords: deformations, development, life trajectory, life path, choice situation, life situation, time, space, chronotope formation, individual chronotope

Abstract: The article is devoted to the questions of studying particularities of vocational guidance of senior school students who experience intrapsychic conflict. The authors have used the 'Values/Availability Balance in Life Spheres' inventory offered by E. Fantalova to define whether a student has an intrapsychic conflict or not. Those whose intrapersonal dissociation level scored less than 32 points constituted a group of students 'with intrapsychic conflict', those who scored more than 32 points joined a group of students 'without intrapsychic conflict'. 99 male students aged 16 - 18 years old participated in the research. The research methodology was based on the comparative analysis of these two groups. The authors have also applied mathematical modelling that involved discriminant analysis. Respondents who experienced intrapersonal conflicts tended to select simpler and more understandable values such as active life, love, faithful friends, happy family life. Respondents without intrapersonal conflicts understood the importance of meta-values such as beauty of the nature, beauty of the art, self-confidence, creativity, new knowledge and experience. Analysis of the discriminant model predicting intrapsychic conflicts of school students proves the importance of taking into account particularities of vocational guidance on the development of intrapersonal conflicts. 

Keywords: map of interests, psychological well-being, values, senior student, vocational guidance, intrapsychic conflict, discriminant analysis, model, forecast, profession

Abstract: Successful professional development of one's personality is possible only in the case of an adequate understanding of the world of  professions and formed professional identity. According to existing classifications of the stages of professional identity formation (offered by E.F. Zeher, E.A. Klimov, V.A. Polyakov, and S.N. Chistyakova), the senior adolescence is the most important age for the formation of professional identity and preparation for a conscious choice of profession. This makes it urgent to develop a program of psychological follow-up of elder teens in the process of their professional identity formation. The purpose of the research is to develop and test a program of psychological follow-up of elder teens in the process of their professional identity development. The research consisted of three stages (ascertaining experiments before and after the program and formative experiment) that took place in April and May of 2017 and involved 40 elder teens who were divided proportionally into two groups, the control group and experimental group. At the ascertaining stage, diagnostics of all components of professional identity of schoolchildren was carried out using methods of questionnaire survey and psychological testing. The program of psychological follow-up was aimed at the development of all components of professional identity and formation of a conscious choice of profession. The program consists of 8 lessons, is designed for 14 hours and includes such methods of work as career-guidance game, card game, group discussion, work in micro-groups, and analysis of professional identity development cases. After the program, statistically significant differences in the severity of the components of professional identity among the elder teens of the control and experimental groups were discovered. The schoolchildren of the experimental group have demonstrated a good level of being aware of the value of labor and working. The number of schoolchildren with a low level of orientation in the professional world has decreased. After the program, most of the elder teens were able to identify their professional goal. The majority of teens have raised their level of knowledge about possible obstacles on the way to obtaining a profession and about possibilities to overcome them.

Keywords: optant, career guidance, elder teens, professional plan, professional choice, readiness, psychological follow-up, professional identity, activating techniques, professional interests

Abstract: The subject of the research is the differential particularities of creativity demonstrated by children in normal and crisis situations. The object of the research is the creativity level of minor school children. The research is based on teh following hypothesis: 1) children's creativity is encouraged by combined factors such as their micro-environment and particular conditions children are in; 2) in crisis situations children undergo individual psychological changes of their personality traits (individual factors such as managing cognitive and thinking activity, motor, speech, personal-social and adaptive behavior, self-esteem, visual and verbal thinking, intellect). The research methods include: 1) theoretical methods such as analysis, generalisation and systematisation of theoretical approaches and empirical results described in the academic literature on philosophy, psychology and education; 2) empirical methods such as observation, interview, analysis of activity products, psychological testing using particular methods such as Schur's and Yakobson's 'Stairs' aimed at defining self-esteem of children; Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices aimed at defining the level of visual thinking ability and intellect, the Stars and Waves test allowing to analyze content characteristics of creativity, Torrance test of divergent thinking. 50 children aged 7-10 years old (minor school children) who were in crisis situations and 50 children of the same age who were not in crisis situations were studied. The author has defined statistically significant differences in creativity levels of minor school children in crisis situations and their peers who were in normal situations. This allows to conclude that a crisis situation experienced by a child may actually interfere with a child's personality growth and creativity development as well as cause low self-esteem, decrease in indicators of visual and associative thinking, originality, adaptability, resistance to estrangement and personal growth in general. 

Keywords: fluency, originality, thinking, self-esteem, crisis situation, diagnosis, differential features, minor school children, creativity, flexibility

Abstract: The research is devoted to a problem of teenage cruelty taking into account sexual character. An object of a research are boys and girls of teenage age. The aspect of cruelty acts as an object of research polorolevy. In article the problem of ambiguity of manifestation of cruelty at teenage age is analyzed. The question of the prevailing type of cruelty in behavior of teenagers is considered. We have offered the retrospective analysis of theoretical views of culturologists, psychiatrists, teachers, psychologists of a rigidity problem taking into account a sex of examinees (K. Byorkvist, Y. Ranshburg, E. H. Popper, V. J. Steffen, K. Lagerspets, T. Tiger, etc.).  The empirical research devoted to identification of the prevailing type of cruelty among boys and girls of teenage age is conducted. For comparison of selections and comparison of the turned-out results the correlation analysis is carried out. The author revealed that manifestation of physical rigidity is more characteristic of boys. Average values of manifestation of indirect cruelty prevail in group of girls. The correlation analysis has revealed existence of moderate positive interrelations between scales of the used techniques, both in group of girls, and in group of boys. The received results can be used and find application in activity of psychologists in an education system for improvement of interpersonal communication, when developing training and correctional developing programs for the purpose of formation of tolerant social relations. The conducted research has shown that cruelty of boys and girls at teenage age has different character, different forms and intensity of manifestation.

Keywords: hostility, violence, indirect cruelty, direct cruelty, verbal cruelty, physical cruelty, teenagers, aggression, polorolevy cruelty, cruelty

Abstract: The research is devoted to a problem of teenage cruelty taking into account sexual character. An object of a research are boys and girls of teenage age. The aspect of cruelty acts as an object of research polorolevy. In article the problem of ambiguity of manifestation of cruelty at teenage age is analyzed. The question of the prevailing type of cruelty in behavior of teenagers is considered. We have offered the retrospective analysis of theoretical views of culturologists, psychiatrists, teachers, psychologists of a rigidity problem taking into account a sex of examinees (K. Byorkvist, Y. Ranshburg, E. H. Popper, V. J. Steffen, K. Lagerspets, T. Tiger, etc.).  The empirical research devoted to identification of the prevailing type of cruelty among boys and girls of teenage age is conducted. For comparison of selections and comparison of the turned-out results the correlation analysis is carried out. The author revealed that manifestation of physical rigidity is more characteristic of boys. Average values of manifestation of indirect cruelty prevail in group of girls. The correlation analysis has revealed existence of moderate positive interrelations between scales of the used techniques, both in group of girls, and in group of boys. The received results can be used and find application in activity of psychologists in an education system for improvement of interpersonal communication, when developing training and correctional developing programs for the purpose of formation of tolerant social relations. The conducted research has shown that cruelty of boys and girls at teenage age has different character, different forms and intensity of manifestation.

Keywords: hostility, violence, indirect cruelty, direct cruelty, verbal cruelty, physical cruelty, teenagers, aggression, polorolevy cruelty, cruelty

Abstract: The authors of the article present a summary of Russian research in psychoanalysis in the beginning of the XX century (based on the example of the children's home-laboratory "international Solidarity" (1921-1925)). According to the authors, Russian experience of psychoanalytic research of children should be considered as the result of the collective interaction of all participants of the experiment. I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Schmidt, S. N. Spielrein and M. V. Woolf were the most outstanding representatives of child psychoanalysis in Russia in the early twentieth century. They were the first to turn to the investigation of the child internal mental world from a position of deep understanding of internal processes that appear and proceed in a child at an early age. The authors of the present article have also considered the development of the child's activity under the genetic key and stages and process of evolution and involution of children's creativity in depending on the age characteristics of the child. Identified and explained the cultural meaning of children's games, studied its psychic mechanisms. They have developed a psychoanalytic theory of children's games under perspective of its cultural meaning in a child's life. The authors have also presented a psychological study of the child symbolic activity and the concept of sign in the psyche of the child; explored the intimate lives of children and the mental mechanisms of its occurrence. They have identified the stages of speech and thinking development of the child in terms of psychoanalysis, autism and social role of the speech in children; and made recommendations for teachers regarding the creation of a special environment which should support to the socialization of the child. The research methods used by the authors are based on the integration of a number of research means used in modern psychological science and history of psychology. The following methods have been mostly used in the research: 1) methods of analyzing scientific sources; 2) historical analysis; 3) bibliographical analysis; 4) historical and psychological research; 5) summary of results. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors summarize and clarify views on the development of child psychoanalysis in Russia (based on the example of particular research results and ideas of the first Russian psychoanalysts) as theoretical and practical aspects of psychological assistance of a child. The majority of researches that contain a number of fundamental psychoanalytical texts that reveal the research activity of the first Russian psychoanalysts such as I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Shmidt, S. N. Shpilrein, M. V. Vulf an dothers are still unpublished. There is a quite deep layer of our heritage that is still to be studied and systematized in order to fill in the gaps in the Russian history of psychoanalysis as well as teaching. 

Keywords: the unconscious, instincts, socialization, sublimation, sexuality, child psychoanalysis, fantasy, children's whims, creativity, speech and thinking

Abstract: The authors of the article present a summary of Russian research in psychoanalysis in the beginning of the XX century (based on the example of the children's home-laboratory "international Solidarity" (1921-1925)). According to the authors, Russian experience of psychoanalytic research of children should be considered as the result of the collective interaction of all participants of the experiment. I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Schmidt, S. N. Spielrein and M. V. Woolf were the most outstanding representatives of child psychoanalysis in Russia in the early twentieth century. They were the first to turn to the investigation of the child internal mental world from a position of deep understanding of internal processes that appear and proceed in a child at an early age. The authors of the present article have also considered the development of the child's activity under the genetic key and stages and process of evolution and involution of children's creativity in depending on the age characteristics of the child. Identified and explained the cultural meaning of children's games, studied its psychic mechanisms. They have developed a psychoanalytic theory of children's games under perspective of its cultural meaning in a child's life. The authors have also presented a psychological study of the child symbolic activity and the concept of sign in the psyche of the child; explored the intimate lives of children and the mental mechanisms of its occurrence. They have identified the stages of speech and thinking development of the child in terms of psychoanalysis, autism and social role of the speech in children; and made recommendations for teachers regarding the creation of a special environment which should support to the socialization of the child. The research methods used by the authors are based on the integration of a number of research means used in modern psychological science and history of psychology. The following methods have been mostly used in the research: 1) methods of analyzing scientific sources; 2) historical analysis; 3) bibliographical analysis; 4) historical and psychological research; 5) summary of results. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors summarize and clarify views on the development of child psychoanalysis in Russia (based on the example of particular research results and ideas of the first Russian psychoanalysts) as theoretical and practical aspects of psychological assistance of a child. The majority of researches that contain a number of fundamental psychoanalytical texts that reveal the research activity of the first Russian psychoanalysts such as I. D. Ermakov, V. F. Shmidt, S. N. Shpilrein, M. V. Vulf an dothers are still unpublished. There is a quite deep layer of our heritage that is still to be studied and systematized in order to fill in the gaps in the Russian history of psychoanalysis as well as teaching. 

Keywords: the unconscious, instincts, socialization, sublimation, sexuality, child psychoanalysis, fantasy, creativity, speech and thinking

Abstract: In his article Brazhnikov proposes a model of the human mind that is developed on the basis of an analysis of a large number of existing theories and aims to provide a systematization of substantial part of empirical knowledge in the field of psychology. The author of the article deals with the human developmental psychology and provides a brief description of the sequence of formation of the human mind as a self-learning system. The author makes an attempt to combine many facts about the functioning of the brain into a single system. This facts were taken from different areas of psychology. In addition to recognized scientific models some controversial theories were also considered such as MBTI and DISK that could offer considerable empirical data as a result of their popularity. The research is based on the assumption that two brain hemispheres are formed in different ways, although substantially dependent on each other, due to the fact that universality of thought should be kept. The model covers eight possible stages for each brain hemisphere in good agreement with the existing classifications. Information processing ways of the hemispheres can stay in the process of formation at any of the eight stages that are relevant to the environment. In this article the author describes all possible cases of development of analysis methods at certain stages of adaptation. The development of the left hemisphere is supposed to be less consistent than that of the right hemisphere due to the fact that the activity of the left hemisphere depends on the experience of the the right one. Many studies show that the success of ontogenetic development is correlated with the features of thinking. The author of the research examines external reasons for various stages of formation of thinking ways. This has the effect of fixing various types of information processing. There are two types of external reasons for passing a stage: incentives and obstacles. The effect of the external influence depends on the stage of development of thinking ways. In addition, this method of studying the human mind may also explain possible cognitive causes of autism and schizophrenia.

Keywords: organization of mind, DISC, MBTI, autism, schizophrenia, typology, cerebral hemisphere’s operation, developmental stages, child development, temperament

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to expand the application of the systems theory to the human psychology sphere. Some of the theses of the systems theory and the general model of the interaction of systems and environment are shown. The model states that the activities of systems depend on characteristics of their environment. The process of development and formation of the human psyche is explored on the basis of the proposed system model. An individual is explored as a system adapting to an unfamiliar environment. The author shows how the environment affects a human method of thought and analysis of external information. Much attention is also paid to the specifics of the different hemispheres of the brain. The article consists of two parts. In the first part four major types of system interaction and the environment are shown. Those depend on characteristics of the environment with reference to system parameters. There are two kinds of system parameters: firstly, the quantity of resourses, and secondly, predictability of changes. For each set of environment characteristics, the environment interaction with the system will be different. At the same time it is important which signal sources are prevalent in the environment, beneficial or destructive, because an orientation of a system towards the sources or from them will depend on this. However, the environment is rarely homogeneous for the system as there may be sources of signals of various morphology. In such case, each type of signals forms a constituent of an environment with independent characteristics. Therefore, the interaction of the system with each type of signals will be different. In the second part of the article the process of the human mind development is investigated on the basis of aforesaid model. It is asserted that during his or her development a person is faced with two types of external signal sources: physical objects and social subjects. Consequently, with respect to each of these four types of interaction and two types of orientation relatively of sources may take place. Simultaneously, the allocation of actions for interaction with these kinds of resources between the brain hemispheres is important. These factors influence on an established personal method of thought and analysis of external information.

Keywords: autism, schizophrenia, cerebral hemisphere’s operation, Jung typology, temperament, interaction with the environment, developmental psychology, systems theory, organization of mind, developmental stages

Abstract: The research deals with the problem of sociocultural conditionality of child language development. A meta-analysis of studies on the role of ethnic / racial identity in the language development of children at school age has been carried out. The emphasis is made on the study of language development of schoolchildren coming from immigrant families and their socialization is in the 'odd' social and cultural environment where there is one 'title' language that is considered to be the main. Modern foreign and Russian researches are analyzed by the means of comparing approaches, methods, and empirical data. The foreign researches presented in such databases as Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, and national articles posted in the elibrary.ru are used for the meta-analysis.The share of studies involving schoolchildren is relatively small low. Foreign studies carried out using standardized language tests show that children comging from immigrant families are behind in their language development in terms of vocabulary, grammar and semantics. Modern researches pay attention to the study of narratives. Based on the example school-aged children from African American famiiles whose main communication medium is the African American English dialect it is shown that in their development of narrative abilities they, as a rule, do not differ from white Caucasians, and demonstrate the originality and even surpass them in the development of some narratives. In Russian researches the problem is studied in terms of adequate learning of Russian by children from migrant families. Foreign language children pass the stages in their development of Russian language abilities similar to those stages which are Russian-speaking children pass, however, their Russian has some peculiarities that normally go away by the school age. Many language peculiarities are due to the interference of Russian and native languages. It is shown that the most important sociocultural reason for difficulties in mastering Russian is inconsistent and unconscious approach of parents of foreign language children to their children's learning Russian. 

Keywords: language, ethnicity, school age, speech, race, immigrant, narrative, foreign language child, bilingualism, language development

Abstract: The subject of the research is the gender differences in age-specific changes of cognitive functions. In particular, the research is devoted to preservability of elderly people's cognitive functions.  112 men and 93 women participated in the research. The object of the research is cognitive functions of elderly pepole. The topicality of the research is caused by the fact that our country's population is aging. The number of elderly people is growing each decade. Skilled employees are finding their selves out from the active life against their will. The psychological solution would be to identify cognitive resources allowing to save performance capability in the later period of life. The research methods include the assessment of cognitive functions depending on one's age, correlation and factor analysis. All volunteers participating in the research took valid psychological tests such as 'analogies', 'odd one out' tasks, Raven Progressive Matrices, visual acuity test, and self-esteem test. Data was processed using the «IBM SPSS Statistics 22» program. The main conclusions of the research are the following. Cognitive functions are subject to spontaneous reduction as a result of aging. One's level of education has an indirect influence on their preservability. The attenuant of the psychological function regress is cognitive experience linked with the constant intellectual activity. The important factor of the preservation of intellectual activity is the family welfare which provides the adequate self-esteem. The gender differences in age-specific changes of cognitive functions focus on the logical analysis for men, and the tendency for working with images for women. 

Keywords: changes in cognitive functions, women, men, later period, gender differences, cognitive resources, logical thinking, performance capability, aging issues, elderly people

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the pedagogical analysis of the socio-cultural space of developing students' leadership skills. The significant aspect of the study is the pedagogical analysis of the socio-cultural space of developing students' leadership skills as the category and phenomenon. The article is aimed at understanding the problem of developing leadership skills of university students in the context of the broader global and socio-cultural issues. The socio-cultural activities of the student are considered as the two-way process of developing personal and professional competences of students. The authors of the article use empirical data obtained by the researchers of Astrakhan State University on the supporting innovative platform of the  scientific-methodical council on the development of educational activities 'Educational and methodical association in areas of teacher education Innovative socialization of college students management tools'. Research methodology is defined by the combination of the systems approach, the concept of structured teaching conditions and processes, situational approach and environmental approach. The authors analyze substantial and structural processes of socio-cultural dynamics of the environment where students' leadership are developed  by the means of combining pedagogical research methodology with categories, concepts, tools, forms, methods and technologies of sociocultural activities. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors identify some of the key characteristics of the socio-cultural space for developing students' leadership: characteristic of the student's leadership skills  as an educational outcome, typological characteristics of leadership as a personal quality of a student, leader's functions in the educational process of high school and socio-cultural activities of the university in the developing of leadership skills of university students.    

Keywords: socio-cultural activities, project, innovative technologies, leader, leadership typology, leader function, education, competence, student, society

Abstract: In her research Koblikova describes peculiarities of personality development of preschool orphans, the role of physical identity in a child's self-awareness, and negative consequences of chronic muscle tension and emphasizes the importance of free movement, relaxation skills, ability to say and point out body parts and to understand facial expression of others. The subject of the research is the formation of physical identity of preschool children. The purpose of the research is to describe specifics of physical identity of children living in orphanages compared to children who grow up in the family environment. The researcher has ued psychodiagnostic methods ("My face and body"; "Make a Person out of Body Parts", "Dress Up a Doll") and standardized observation (free play, organized outdoor game and tactile contact during the massage). The results show that the majority of orphans have a distorted sense of location, difficulties of physical development; and poor development of self-help skills. Less than half of them can specify the parts of their face and body. Approximately half of the orphans have demonstrated average and low levels of development of physical reactions that may indicate serious problems of physical identity. Directions of practical psychological assistance to these children are discussed.

Keywords: mental retardation, preschool age, personal development, facial expression, movement, physical identity, muscle tension, orphans, body, identity

Abstract: This article analyses the problem of interaction of generations and socialization of children in the process of formation of sensual and language worldview for preschool children. The objective of this research is to study particularities of sensory development of children in preschool institutions. The hypothesis of this research is as follows: the process of increasing the level of visual, acoustical and tactile perception of preschool children irrespective of gender is performed more effectively using visual, tactile and what is more important sound elements in games and communication with adults. For data collection techniques on identification of color perception, a level of development of visual tactile perception, and acoustical perception were used. For studying the influence of didactic games on sensory development, the formative experiment has been made. Interpretation of results was carried out both qualitatively and quantitatively, with application of methods of mathematical statistics. The analysis of data obtained in control and experimental groups allowed to specify diferencess in the levels of tactile, acoustical and visual perception using specially developed games. Significant (p≤0,01) changes in such parameters as: differentiation of color, figure’s identification from the background, level of tactile perception and figures’ identification, acoustical perception and distinction of sounds, level of visual perception were found. Thus, the conducted research showed that in the experimental group of subjects of the educational process application of didactic games really raises the level of perception development that can promote further harmonious training and education and formation of the complete creatively developed identity of a child. 

Keywords: harmonious development, developing environment, sensory training, linguistic worldview, sensual knowledge, level of perception, early years, sensory development, intergenerational communication, play activity

Abstract: The subject of the study is the factors that determine the commission of a crime, minors held in pre-trial support. The object of study is pre accompany minors in conflict with the law in the Arkhangelsk region. The article discusses in detail the cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of the factors that define the crimes. The study was carried out from October 2014 on the April 2015 Experimental sample totaled 60 minors who have committed an offense for which pre-trial procedure is implemented social support. Methods: theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on this problem; content analysis of information on pre-trial diaries accompany minors in conflict with the law; statistical methods (descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, X2 test, analysis of contingency tables). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package «SPSS Statistica 20". The main conclusions of the study are the representations of teenagers are characterized by distortions, incompleteness, lack of awareness of the existence of a negative attitude towards the offense, as well as the manifestation of initiative and independence in the organization and in the commission of an unlawful act. The novelty of the study is to determine the differences in the representation of teenagers who committed the offense for the first time and those who are characterized by a return to crime, as well as representations in determining the relationship of the crime committed by minors and resocialization measures that apply to these teens. The study was funded by RHF and the Government of the Arkhangelsk region, "Russian North: Past, Present and Prospects" in the framework of the research project number 15 - 13 - 29001 "Pre-trial support for minors in conflict with the law: the generalization of experience and development prospects in the Arkhangelsk region."

Keywords: resocialization, behavioral component, idea of the crime, pre-trial support, minors, the crime, factors of committing a crime, cognitive component, emotional component, recidivism

Abstract: The subject of the research is the motivational readiness for professional self-determination of adolescents with deviant behavior. The work is aimed at studying peculiarities of motivational readiness for professional self-determination of deviant adolescents and justifying that it is possible to develop it in the process of psychological and pedagogical assistance. The author of the article describes the social environment (objective and subjective elements) in which a deviant adolescent grows up and concludes that such environment has certain deficiencies and therefore has a negative influence on professional self-determination of adolescents with deviant behavior. The author emphasizes the importance of motivatinal readiness for a successful professional choice as the component of psychological readiness for developing a professional self-identity. The author analyzes psychoogical researches on the motivational sphere of deviant adolescents as well as peculiarities of their motivational readiness for professional self-determination. The author outlines the main disturbances of the motivational development of deviant adolescents including the lack of self-reflection and conflicting motives, the prevailing role of the motive to avoid failure and the motive of constraint, suppressed safety needs, the needs for freedom and group membership. This leads to the lack of understanding and dispersion of professional interests, lack of independence in choosing a majo and limited motives to make a professional choice. The present article presents the results of the author's research of motivational readiness of deviant adolescents for professional self-deterination. The research was carried out at the educational center for children and adolescents with deviant behavior 'Becoming' in the Mari El Republic. The following groups of methods were used by the author to achieve the targets and complete the tasks of the research: theoretical analysis of the academic literature on the matter; methods of psychological diagnostics such as tests and questionnaries; methods of psychological and pedagogical assistance such as trainings, group discussions, role and business games and psychological counseling; statistical treatment, analysis and generalization of the results. The results of the research have demonstrated the lack of established values of deviant adolescents  in the processes of personal interaction and building personal plas compared to their peers from general academic schools, prevailing external motivation towards professional activity such as economic reward for labour, attempts to avoid punishment or critics and the motive to avoid failure in their activity. The author also describes the details of psychological and pedagogical assistance in developing motivational readiness for professional self-determination of deviant adolescents. The article presents the results of the final diagnostics that prove the author's program of psychological and pedagogical assistance to be efficient. 

Keywords: efficiency, development, method, diagnosis, psychological readiness, motivational readiness, professional self-determination, deviant behavior, adolescent, psychology

Abstract: The author's attention is paid to the phenomenon of substitute parenting that requires serious scientific research. The researcher proposes to consider the position of substitute parents as a systematically important element in the structure of the substitute parenting. The author determines this position as a system of attitudes of an adoptive parent to various aspects of substitute parenting. The author demonstrates the diversity of interpretations of the term "position" in the domestic and foreign science. The subject of the research is the position of substitute parents, in particular its motivational component and problems in foster care that may cause the risk of returning a child to the orphanage. The research is based on the subjective and existential approaches to studying human as an active and capable of self-development actor of life activity. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher studies the position of adoptive parents as the basis for interaction with the child adopted by the foster family. The article presents the results of the empirical research of the motivational component of the position of substitute parents. These results allow to look at the meaning-making processes of substitute parenting. The research aimed at improving the efficiency of substitute parenting, providing practical support to foster families, prevention of failures of adoptive parents to fulfill contractual obligations to foster care.

Keywords: motive, the level of personal organization, family values, attitude, position, orphans, substitute parenthood, substitute parenting, abandonment of a child, construct, the efficiency of interaction

Abstract: In this article the subject of the research is the dynamics of behavior control of preschoolers during their adaptation to a day care center. The object of the research is the psychological regulation of behavior during the preschool years. The authors consider the problem of self-regulation. Particular attention is paid to behavior control as a construct being analyzed in terms of the system-subject approach. Behavior control is regarded as a single system that includes three subsystems of regulation (cognitive control, emotional regulation and action control: self-produced actions / will). Thus, behavior control is a type of the overall regulation of behavior including specific resources of a particular person that provides an individual way of adaptation and allows him to overcome life difficulties.  The following techniques have been used in the research: the model of level-organization of the emotional regulation system (in particular the scale of assessment of external regulation methods), the sample "Training Test" by Luria, "Classification of geometric shapes," Wechsler test WPPSI, schemes for observing and analyzing child's behavior, questionnaire for parents and observation map for teachers. The main conclusion of the research is that children have different kinds of adaptation depending on the ratio of individual cognitive, emotional and arbitrary components. Particular dynamics of behavior control components has been observed for children who easily adjust or have difficulty adjusting to a day care center. It is also admitted that particular styles of adaptation reflect individual patterns of behavior control.

Keywords: hypothesis of the research, behavior control, cognitive control, emotional control, action control, adaptation, adjustment, preschool age, problem of self-control, life path, system of emotional regulation

Abstract: The classification of qualitatively heterogeneous conditions for professional development of educators in the system of innovative education. Classification of the search conditions is as follows. I. External conditions: (a) substantive (material and information); b) social (socio-psychological, socio-economic, legal, organizational and scientific-methodical). II. Internal conditions: a) individual psychological (personal and professional individual psychological); b) nasaesa. The main attention is paid to the analysis highlighted within this classification of psychological conditions, including conditions of socio-psychological, personal and professional individual psychological. The study is based on the following theoretical and methodological basis: subject-activity approach (S. L. Rubinstein and others) and its specification in the psychology of labor (C. D. Shadrikov and others) and educational psychology (in. A. Davydov and others), the provisions of psychological anthropology (C. I. Slobodchikov), metasystemic approach to the study of layered structures of the psyche (Century A. Karpov), integrative-typological approach to the psychological classification of professional activities (N. E. Rubtsov), the concept of professional development (Y. P. Poweredcom) and professionalism (E. A. Klimov). This study draws heavily on a number of original projects: cross-cultural analysis of psychological and pedagogical models of professional development, the model of psycho-pedagogical support of professional self-determination (together with N. E. Scar), a methodological analysis of the concepts of "professionalism" and "professional marginalism" for innovative teachers. Presents a scientific approach to the study of some relatively little-studied aspects of professional development of teachers in the new historical, socio-cultural, scientific-technical conditions developed mainly from the positions of psychology of labour and educational psychology. For the first time and systematized conditions for professional development of educators in the system of innovative education.Identified conditions are necessary, because their absence greatly hinders the professional development of teachers for innovative education. However, the question of their universal sufficiency requires further research and experimental work in teams of innovative educational institutions.Classification of conditions for professional development of innovative teachers, in full accordance with the ideology of the anthropological model of innovative education, adopted in the framework of the study is not definitive, but, on the contrary, necessarily implies further clarification, addition and development of the accumulation of new scientific findings and results of innovative educational practices.

Keywords: professional marginalism, personality, psychological conditions, conditions, professional development, innovative education, educator, professionalism, education, professional activity

Abstract: The purpose of the present article is to analyze thesis researches on psychology defended in the Russian Federation and touching upon the problems of teenage identity formation and socialization processes. The article contains the results of the analysis of thesis researches of students seeking for Doctor’s and PhD degrees in all psychological majors during 1999 – 2013 that are presented in the e-catalog of thesis researches at Russian State Library. Thesis researches have been selected based on their titles, subjects and objects of researches. The framework of thesis analysis involves quantitative analysis of thesis researches that are aimed at studying identity and socialization, then selection of thesis studying the aforesaid phenomena and summarizing the number of researches performed on groups of teenagers. Qualitative analysis discovered the basic majors most of the theses had been defended in and provided a brief description of these researches. The analysis of thesis researches have allowed to define the basic areas and trends in psychological practice related to studying the relationship between identity and socialization of teenagers in Russian psychology over the past 15 years. The results of research present the basic theoretical approaches and practical methods of experimental and empiric researches of the relationship between teenage identity and socialization process.

Keywords: psychology, identity, socialization, teenagers, interaction, thesis research, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, research, majors.

Abstract: The authors of the article provide a description of a set of methods for recording individual features of teenagers. This set of methods has been developed especially to be used as a part of the technology for establishing the value of life and prosocial orientation of teenagers aged from 14 to 17 who are active Internet users. The set of methods include psychometric methods, in particular, the tests ‘Semantic Research of Social Attitudes’, ‘’Personal value profile’ and ‘Your Value of Life’, the system of data processing and provision of recommendations for the individual psychological influence on the mental structure of teenage personality and a structured system of Internet applications. The Life Value and Prosocial Orientation Technology is based on the use of famous Internet applications: Vkontakte (social network), ooVoo video chat community, YouTube video service, Google Docs as well as e-mail service and a specially designed website www.моятема-мояжизнь.рф. The main approach applied to the development of the system for recording individual features of teenagers when developing their value of life and increasing their prosocial orientation is based on the combination of the ideographic and nomothetic methods. This approach allows to base the research on general theories of psychic phenomena as well as general principles of psychology including principles of determinism, holism, activity, development, systems approach, causation and positivity. Theoretical grounds of such record include: rigorous psychological theory that make good use of mathematical tools and results of the analysis of theories and concepts of behavioral modification. This is the first research to develop and verify a set of Internet applications and psychometric methods especially developed for diagnosing individual features of teenagers and allowing to receive information about the semantic structure of teenager’s attitudes, his personal value profile and drivers of increasing of their value of life. The set of methods include psychometric methods, in particular, the tests ‘Semantic Research of Social Attitudes’, ‘’Personal value profile’ and ‘Your Value of Life’, the system of data processing and provision of recommendations for the individual psychological influence on the mental structure of teenage personality and a structured system of Internet applications. The results of the experiment proved the efficiency of the combination of general and individualized influence on a teenager. The researchers have also discovered durable prosocial attitudes in the psychic structure of personality of a teenager. Experience in implementing the technology at relevant organizations has shown that these organizations are much interested in the technology. The authors of the article give master classes on how to use the aforesaid technology and the set of psychometric methods.

Keywords: value of one’s own life, personal value profile, semantic research of attitudes, life value increasing, prosocial orientation, Internet technology, teenage Internet users, rigorous psychological theory, theories of behavioral modification.

Abstract: The author of the article touches upon the issues related to internal fears of young boys and girls during the two age periods: senior school students or ‘early youth’ and ‘late youth’. The author offers a definition of ‘fear’ and describes s a classification of fears given by Yu. Shcherbatykh. The author also views the hypothesis about the possible relation between internal fears and life-purpose orientations of young boys and girls at different stages of their age development. The subject under research is the fear experienced by youth boys and girls of different ages depending on their life-purpose orientation. The author describes the tests she uses in her research. These are: 1) the ‘Questionnaire of the Hierarchic Structure of Current Fears’ offered by Yu. Shcherbatykh and E. Ivleva. The questionnaire allows to define the intensity of different type of fears and the presence of phobias in general. 2) the Test of Life-Purpose Orientations offered by D. Leontiev allowing to analyze life-purpose orientations and values of young boys and girls of the senior school age and late youth. The empiric results obtained by using the Questionnaire were correlated in each group (3 groups of school students and 3 groups of students with different intensity of fear: high level of fear, middle level of fear and low level of fear) with the results of the Test using the Pearson criterion. Based on the research, the author has made particular conclusions proving the research hypothesis and allowing to speak of the dynamics of lifepurpose orientations depending on the intensity of personal fears.

Keywords: mental health, difficulties, demands, youth age, teenager age, personality, life-purpose orientations, expression of fear, fear, self-fulfillment.

Abstract: The subject under research is the structure of child-and-parent relations in families raising senior preschoolers. Relations inside the child-and-parent unity are viewed from the point of view of the concept of ‘collective subject’ that has been intensely developing by Russian psychologists. The research of the structural dynamic components of the child-and-parent relations in terms of the concept of collective subject has allowed to create a subject-oriented model of relations in the ‘parent-and-senior preschooler’ diad and the comparison of the present results with the earlier results of studying families that raise junior preschoolers has allowed to define the ontological aspect of this model’s dynamics. The research methodology included the subject-centered activity approach. The experiment studied 106 ‘mother-senior preschooler’ diads using a set of methods allowing to reveal the structure and contents of child-and-parent relations from the point of view of the degree of maturity of a collective subject. It has been found out that the typical features of the child-and-parent unity are the mutual relation / mutual dependence between a parent and a child, desire to extend spheres of their activities together and reflective attitude towards their individual and collective lives combined with the ‘indulgent hyper-protection’ parenting style. In such case a child has a positive attitude to his family situation and he has adequate relations with others, he is curious and sociable. The researcher also discusses how these results can be used for the theory and practice of studying the role of child-and-parent relations in a child’s personality formation.

Keywords: child and parent relationship, ‘mother-and-child’ diad, collective subject, senior preschooler, subject-centered and activity approach, child-and-parent unity, ontogenesis, personality, parenting style, subject.

Abstract: A Swiss philosopher Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is famous for his theory of cognitive development. To prove his theory, Jean Piaget used the basic concepts of other psychological schools. In particular, analyzing the concept of reaction as it was used by behaviorists he offered a concept of ‘operation’. The concept of gestalt that was the basic idea of gestalt psychology was replaced with the term ‘structure’. As a result, he created the genetic method that became the main methodological principle in the psychological theory. Researches of Piaget’s works also omit one important achievement of his theory. The Swiss researcher did not only try to prove his theory of mental development. He also addressed to the humanities and offered a number of serious anthropological ideas. When analyzing Jean Piaget’s views the author of the present article uses the conceptual constructs of philosophical anthropology. However, the author assumes that it is also possible to study the problem from the point of view of history, too. Following the manner of Piaget, the author of the article underlines the priority of the interdisciplinary approach to the studies of human. The novelty of the research is in viewing Jean Piaget as a representative of the anthropological branch of knowledge. According to the author, Jean Piaget used a new philosophical school of structuralism to combine methodological issues of biology with the philosophical theory of human. Piaget made a great contribution to axiology, too, by describing the hierarchy of human needs.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, pedagogy, psyche, biology, multidisciplinary approach, axiology, structuralism, function, sign.

Abstract: The author of the article focuses on the problem of cognitive activity as a factor of personal professional development. The author also describes an important feature of professional psychodiagnostics, the dependence of efficiency of professional activity on intelligence as a dynamic system of personality. The author also studies features of psychological assessment of intellectual activity of a person who has reached maturity, the influence of stratification of intelligence in the course of personality maturing and analyze tools of diagnostics, schemes of experiments and correspondence of intellectual features with personality accentuations, age crises and regional and professional features of intellectual activity. As the main methodical approach, the author applies the longitudinal research plan that has been carried out for nine years. The research methods chosen by the author are quite diverse. They include both qualitative method such as observation, examination, opinion surveys and interview and test procedures. Scientific novelty of research is in application of longitudinal and cross empirical «cuts» on extensive real selection of civil servants in the course of their professional and personal development. Results of test measurements were compared to particular objective results of professional activity. Frequency of measurements and constant validation of research tools gave the chance to receive reliable results in many respects confirming results of foreign and Russian diagnostic projects. In conclusion the author emphasizes that the most important psychological characteristic of personal and professional development of the personnel is their cognitive activity.

Keywords: psychological accentuations, assessment of intellectual activity, efficiency of professional activity, professional diagnostics, cognitive activity of the personnel, diagnostic tools, regional features, professional features, age crises.

Abstract: The purpose of the present research is to describe the key components (cognition, activity, motives, personal readiness) of psychological readiness for professional identification of school students in special social situations of development, in particular, teenagers with deviant behavior, teenagers deprived of parental care and genius teenagers. For this purpose the author offers his own psychological technology that is based on the principles of methodological approaches usually used in human sciences (systems, activity, dynamic and human-centered approaches). This technology is the key element of the author’s model of psychological preparation of students in special social situations for professional identification. Based on the analysis of methodological approaches to human studies and the problem of professional identification, the author of the article concludes that the guiding principles of these approaches are concentrated in the term ‘social situation of development’ offered by Lev Vygotsky. Therefore, the author of the present article uses the social situation of development as the methodological basis for developing an effective technology of psychological preparation for professional identification. The author describes psychological techniques aimed at formation of the key components of psychological readiness for professional identity as defined by the author. These key components include cognition, activity, motivates and personal readiness. The author also proves the efficiency of psychological techniques in psychological preparation of school students for professional identification in acute or problematic social situations of development. Results of researches on psychological preparation of school students for their professional identification carried out at secondary schools in the Republic of Mari El demonstrate a statistically significant positive dynamics of the main components of their psychological readiness for professional identification.

Keywords: psychology, professional identification, social situation of development, psychological readiness, methodological approach, model, technology, method, formation, efficiency.

Abstract: Based on the theoretical analysis, the author of the article shares her views on psychological assistance at schools as the way to help a child be ready for studying at school. Analyzing the role of psychological assistance in the educational process, its goals and efficiency criteria as well as peculiarities of certain measures undertaken by a teacher to help a child get more successful at school, the author of the article suggests that w should view psychological readiness for school as the purpose and subject matter of psychological assistance. Psychological readiness for school consists of the following components: cognitive, emotional and motivational. Methodological grounds of this research involve the activity approach to teaching. According to this approach, child’s development consists of different stages of his activity. The author’s approach to psychological school ability allows to prove that even though the main indication for psychological assistance involves only the cognitive component (usually, school failures), psychological assistance should be aimed at motivational and emotional components in the first place in order to increase efficiency of the future education.

Keywords: working with cognitive abilities, psychological readiness, defense reactions, motivational readiness, emotional readiness, cognitive readiness, willingness to work with a psychologist, attitude to learning, the purpose of psychological work, education.

Abstract: The main purpose of the present article is to summarize the author’s experience in diagnosing attachment of children to their mothers when rendering psychological assistance, to define the main directions of diagnostics of attachment disorders in the course of psychological counseling and psychotherapy. The author of the article describes the following targets of procedural diagnostics: to collect information about the first years of child’s life, to observe the mother-and-child relationship and analyze communication between the child and the psychologist during psychological sessions, to analyze the course of free play and child’s drawings and the psychologist’s resonant feelings. The author describes signs of unreliable attachment at each stage of diagnostics and concludes that it is necessary to integrate psychological data at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels in order to define what blocks the mother’s ability to develop a reliable connection with her child. The author also proves the need in the integration approach to setting the main goals of psychological assistance when working with children who suffer from attachment disorders.

Keywords: attachment quality, experimental psychology, practicing psychologist, psychological diagnostics, free play, psychological assistance, attachment reliability, resonant feelings, interpersonal level, intrapersonal level.

Abstract: The article offers definitions of the following theoretical approaches to prevention of antisocial behavior of school students: preventive, system, activity-based and holistic approaches. Based on the general idea of anticipation, each approach is described according to the main goals and concept of preventive activities. Apart from these main approaches, the model developed by the author also requires particular goals and tasks enabling realization of the most important theoretical targets of the preventive activity paradigm. The author also describes the main types and forms of psychological sessions based on described approaches.

Keywords: prevention, anticipation, preventive, system, activity, holistic, approach.

Abstract: When writing this article, the author set a goal to study and analyze traditional views of foreign scientists on the causes of development of sanogenic thinking. Today the theory of development of sanogenic thinking in children and teenagers becomes a priority so it is very important to understand associated reasons and triggering events. The article is interesting because within the framework of studying sanogenic thinking, the author of the article describes and briefly analyzes the main schools of foreign psychology: interactionism, neobehaviorism, freudism, post-freudism and individual psychology. The author also views the theories of attachment and developmental deprivation. As a result, the author concludes that foreign psychology has the three main directions: psychiatric, psychological and socialpsychological. Each of these explains the influence of family as a social institution on development of child thinking. It can be also stated that the style of family up-brining can form both sanogenic and pategenic thinking in a child.

Keywords: psychology, thinking, family, pathogenic, sanogenic, up-bringing, Freudism, neobehaviorism, theory, development.

Abstract: Based on the author’s client-centered conception of happiness (CCCH) and a number of well-known psychological theories, the author of the article represents the theoretical proof of a draft new method of the psychology-andclient intervention called the Personal Uniqueness Therapy (PUT). Based on the author, when a client understands and accepts the ‘ideal’ part of himself, he is relieved from damaging influence of external stress and life failures. The author also points out how one can create productive interactions between PUT and religious and spiritual practices.

Keywords: psychology, personal uniqueness, self-realization, happiness, eudaimonia, psychotherapy, client-centered concept of happiness, CCH, PUT, psychology of happiness.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes modern theories of ageing and defines the three types of theories: genetic theories saying that ageing and death are in our genes; environmental theories that make a supposition that our body is immortal and death is forced by external effects; and stochastic theories according to which our life duration is determined by random factors. It is proved that within the framework of each theory, life duration depends not only on particular factors but also on personal features of someone who organizes his life. In psychogenetics personality factors are compared to the interaction between an organism and the environment. The author of the article offers a few research trends of studying psychological factors influencing one’s individual life duration. This involves, first of all, studying personal qualities contributing to longevity. Secondly, this is the research of life path features that can actually prolong your life. And thirdly, this is the research and further use of the features of one’s internal time such as additional time and transfer to the ‘outside the hours’ stage.

Keywords: psychology, psychogenetics, life duration, ageing, anti-ageing, theory of ageing, personality, internal time, personal time organization, life path.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes some problems of emotional-volitional sphere faced by a preschooler. The hypothesis about development options of satisfactory child-and-parent relations at early childhood is viewed as the starting point in psychological assistance to modern families. The subject of research is changes that happen in behavior of both children and adults that appear in the process of regular and complex psychological assistance as well as diagnosed improvements in emotional-volitional sphere of children. The author describes the experience of introducing non-directive play therapy to small psychological groups at municipal and regional charity organizations in Moscow. The goals of such lessons included correction of child-and-parent relations, development of interpersonal skills of a child at early childhood as well as abilities to differentiate emotions both by children and adults, the later being the most important factor in formation of a preschooler’s self identity and a significant factor in developing happy family relations between children and their parents. The author also describes such play psychological lessons and provides a brief summary of their results in different groups and at different age from three to seven years old.

Keywords: psychology, psychological correction by means of play therapy, play activity, nondirective play therapy, groups for psychological correction, emotional-volitional sphere, child-and-parent relations, preschooler, awareness, children.

Abstract: Child-and-parent relations in families of Kazakhstan Germans having emigrated to Germany is viewed from the point of view of subjective activity approach taking into account socio-cultural situation of family life. The study of 60 pairs ‘mother – junior preschooler’ showed that peculiarities of the child-and-parent relations depend on the parent’s conception of the purpose and meaning of a child development in new socio-cultural conditions. In families with bi-cultural up-brining motives the parent’s relations with a child is being formed in the sort of the collective pre-subject in the atmosphere of high moral responsibility. Such a model of parenting relations can create the basis for psychological and pedagogical family assistance for the purpose of developing bi-cultural personality of a child.

Keywords: psychology, child-and-parent relations, junior preschooler, collective subject, subject-activity approach, emigration situation, bio-cultural personality, socio-cultural situation of development, family, type of parenting relations.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the discussion of peculiarities of historical development of Russian child psychoanalysis in 1920- 1930th. Studying the historical archives, the author analyzes the process of formation of psychoanalytical knowledge about a child in Russian psychology at the beginning of XX century. The results of the study cover a great number of issues topical for modern psychologists and psychoanalysts working with children as well as fill in gaps in Russian child psychoanalysis.

Keywords: psychology, history of psychology, child psychoanalysis, psychoanalytical development, Institute of Child, International Solidarity Orphanage, I. D. Ermakov, S. N. Spielrein, V. F. Schmidt, M. V. Woolf.

Abstract: When the author studied gender psychology, she was especially keen on sex-role identification of a modern woman. What a woman strives for? What influences her sex-role identification? What have been the causes of changes in her internal world and appearance during the last decades? In order to answer these questions, the author arranged a survey on one of the most famous women’s forums. The results of the survey rerpresented the spirits of the age. The article casts light on the main factors influencing the sex-role identification of a modern woman. These factors include the society development, influence of social instituations forming workers’ teams, labor peculiarites and family values learnt by a woman in her family and during her life. Therefore, sex-role identification of a modern woman is a very topical issue because both our society and life conditions are drastically changing. By defining the main factors forming the sex-role identification of a modern woman, the society can actually keep the family institution and remain loyal towards morals and manners of changing women.

Keywords: psychology, sex, identity, society, family, formation, influence, woman, culture, adaptation.

Abstract: The article describes the results of the research of efficiency of undirected animal-assisted therapy. The research involved 30 children with different forms of dysontogenesis. It is evidently shown that in 26 % of cases animal-assisted therapy did not have a positive influence on a child but made his emotional state even worse. The author of the article raises the issue of certain gaps in methods animal-assisted therapists have to deal with. The author offers a theoretical and methodological model of working with families who have bought a pet for animal-assisted therapy of their child.

Keywords: psychology, undirected animal-assisted therapy, dysontogenesis, family atmosphere, efficiency of undirected animal-assisted therapy, theoretical model of interspecies interactions between human and pets, interactions with animals, influence of animals on a child, animal-assisted therapy, efficiency of animal-assisted therapy.

Abstract: The author describes how human attitude to animals change throughout history. It is shown that in many ways perception of animals is a social construct formed by cultural and historical epoch. Scientific concepts typical for this or that epoch have a great impact on formation of this construct. It is shown that interaction between animals and human can be viewed from the point of view of the main theoretical and methodological principles of social and psychological analysis.

Keywords: psychology, theory of social reality construction, social constructionism, dramatic interactionism, structural approach, social construct, cross-species interaction, human and animal, social and psychological analysis, interaction with animals.

Abstract: The article analyzes the phenomenon of psychological maturity as an integrated formation reflecting achievements in personal development at different levels. The author of the article describes the most significant criteria of the concept and reveals the results of researches of perception and interpretation of this concept by youth and adults. The author also describes prototypes and models of a mature personality as it is seen from the point of view of everyday life.

Keywords: psychology, psychological, personal, maturity, consciousness, everyday, up-bringing, scientific, views, levels.

Abstract: Formation of a professional self-consciousness among young people is one of the most significant issues that contribute to creation of active drivers in social and professional environments. A person who happens to be at a penal institution is temporarily isolated from the society that has a negative influence on his legal and social status. Many citizens experience serious problems with everyday and professional adaptation after they are released. This is why the goal of psychological service at a penal institution is to help convicts prepare for their release as well as find their professional identity and re-socialize. A program described in this article is part of the model of psychological support of development of professional self-consciousness when working with convicted under-age delinquents. The article contains a description of the program taking into account peculiarities of under-age convicts and their life conditions.

Keywords: psychology, self-consciousness, personal identity, convicts, delinquents, provision, model, program, occupations, profession.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the formation of legal consciousness of teenagers and young people. The author of the article gives criteria of formed consciousness of under-ages, describes parameters and features of moral development and touches upon the question about formation of a psychologically mature person. The problem of formation of legal consciousness in teenager’s and youth ages is topical and makes an essential condition for personal psychological maturity.

Keywords: psychology, development, legal consciousness, morals, personality, norms, teenager, youth, age.

Abstract: The study is devoted to the genetic and environmental dependence of mental development of twins in terms of formation of their ‘Big Five’ basic personal traits (neurotism, extraversion, openness to experience, friendliness and consciousness). The purpose of the study is to define and compare environmental and genetic models which are most typical for each trait. The empiric part of the study covers 319 one-egg and two-egg twins living in Bushevsk, Izhevsk and Tver. A classical twin method was used in the study. Apart of one or two-egg nature, the study also recorded sex, age, nationality and a number of other demographic and anammestic parameters of twins and their parents. Using the method of structural modeling for each of personal trait, for the first time in Russian researches of twins the author of the study described a proper environmental and genetic model assessing contribution of genes and environment into phenotype differences. Received results show the differential nature of genetic-environmental determination of the Big Five charts. The Neorotism, Friendliness and Consciousness Charts are most typically described by the means of models which include additive genetic factors and individual environment. In addition to that, contribution of genetic factors are somewhere between 50 and 59 percent. Extraversion and Openness to Experience charts deal with the environmental model where general and individual environment share equal influence. Using the method of intra pair correlation the author defines non-linear dependences between genotypes, genders and ages. The author also specifies and clarifies peculiarities of demonstration of the Big Five personal traits in groups of one-egg and two-egg twins differing in gender and age.

Keywords: psychology, psychogenetics, twin method, personality, development, Big Five, heritage, environment, structural modeling, inter pair correlation.

Abstract: The article provides a psychological characteristic of personal deformations of entrepreneurs. The author defines professional personal deformations which can include a personal deformation of an entrepreneur, too. The author also describes types of professional deformations which are expanded to the key parameters of one’s activity as a professional. The author reveals the variety of psychological barriers used for achievement of success and development of entrepreneurship in general. The article also describes psychological factors which contribute to formation of personal deformations between Russian entrepreneurs.

Keywords: psychology, entrepreneurship, success, activity, personality, subject, deformation, determinants, professional competence, development.

Abstract: The article analyzes approaches to studying cognitive and social effects of TV shows. Usual researches are driven by both pragmatic tasks of child’s TV as well as the current social conjuncture. But such researches do not take into account a number of very important indicators of child development: perception, memory, cogitation, personal and social identity. Russian theories of psychological development would actually expand the methodological and theoretical basis of such researches studying the efficiency of TV shows for children.

Keywords: psychology, socialization, cultivation, social learning, cognitive development, reading skills, attention, emotions, methods, evaluation criteria.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological approach to the problem of argumentation and argumentation discourse from the point of view of the paradigm of educational individualization. The author of the article also gives his recommendations based on his study of a relation between cognitive styles and peculiarities of argumentation oriented at individualization of the process of education. An argumentation discourse is shown as a humanistically oriented technology of modern education which has all the characteristics enabling to ensure a personal development of students.

Keywords: psychology, argumentation, individualization, dialogue, development, personality, subject, cognitive, formation of meaning, communication.

Abstract: The article reveals conceptual grounds of preparation of a person for entrepreneurship activity based on understanding of psychological ‘readiness’ as a system of personal formation integrating various personality structures (cognitive, affective, motivation and behavioral ones). The authors of the article describe their method and prove its efficiency in practice. They also describe the results of integration of the method into professional education based on the example of an agricultural university).

Keywords: psychology, entrepreneurship, personality, psychological readiness, professional development, psychotechnology, efficiency, criteria, experiment, dynamics.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the topical issue of raising a group’s efficiency both at a state of formation and at a stage of functioning. The goal of the article is to find the most effective and practical method of building a team. In order to achieve the goal, the author studies the most popular conceptions of I. K. Adizes, R. M. Belbin, J. L. Moreno. The article describes and analyzes the results of empiric studies.

Keywords: psychology, role, command, group, organization, function, team spirit, team building, efficiency, structure.

Abstract: The article represents the theoretical grounds of the problem of a mobile learning (M-learning) of students within the modern context. Certain universities and institutes show interest in such form of education and apply an inter discipline analysis to studying it. The author of the article defines the conceptual and terminological content of the problem and describes the essence and the meaning of the M-learning. The author also gives definition of the term ‘mobile learning’ and describes various types of educational environment, theory and methodology and general deductive principles the M-learning is based on.

Keywords: pedagogy, dynamics, development, student, mobility, modernization, Bologna Accords, education, socialization

Abstract: The article is devoted to the concept of psychological stability of administration managers and influence of various parameters and pressing challenges on development of such stability. The author quotes what administration managers said about their psychological stability and defines the factors having a good impact on development of psychological stability. The author also describes the ways to raise and improve the level of psychological stability for modern administration managers.

Keywords: psychology, stability, government officials, personnel, administration, parameters, optimization, development, activity, professional skills

Abstract: The article discusses the results of the experiment on teaching to read English texts on electronic and paper media. The author compares the effectiveness of different technologies of instruction and insists that students should be specially taught to read both multimedia texts and text on paper.

Keywords: teaching, electronic media, reading skills, reading strategy, to study reading, reading for specific information, skimming, transferability of skills, electronic document, hypertext

Abstract: The author of the article considers approaches to periodization of personal development based on the system analysis including stages of development and conceptual and structural components. The author describes form of social regulation of every stage, new formations, problems and mechanisms of personal development. The author also defi nes certain regular patterns of professional development of a psychologist’s personality.

Keywords: psychology, professional development of a personality, objects of the age development, professional competence, new formations, mechanisms of professional development, psychologist’s personality

Abstract: The article analyzes the term and criteria features of the phenomenon of maturity from the point of view of various aspects of human development: psychic, psychological, social and personal. The author compared both theoretically and empirically the understanding of psychological maturity from the point of view of science and commonplace logic.

Keywords: psychology, understanding, characteristics, development, maturity, infantilism, consciousness, scientific, common, social, researchers, responders

Abstract: The article is devoted to the topical issue of personally oriented perception of students at language universities in the framework of the Bolognese reformation of education. The author suggests the main trends of purposeful formation of personal traits of students in the context of realization of the competency approach

Keywords: psychology, unified European system of higher education, developed self-consciences, socio cultural and technological processes, competency model, educational environment, competences, personal self-development, students’ independent work, principle of cu

Abstract: The article considers the problem of psychological and emotional well-being of modern teenagers. Anxiety and depression are in the center of the author’s attention because these are the diseases reflecting the main epidemiological tendencies of mental diseases nowadays. Besides, they are also the brightest indicators of psychological and emotional ill-being. The article describes the study of ways to raise psychological and emotional well-being of teenagers

Keywords: psychology, anxiety, depression, psychological and emotional ill-being, social situation of development, self-regulation, moral competence

Abstract: This article is devoted to peculiarities of psychological diagnostics in teaching aimed at improving the process of individual teaching school seniors with difficulties of all kinds. The author describes the example of using a valid psychological diagnosis based on only reproducible facts. In the study described seniors enduring difficulties in teaching had a complex diagnostics of personal problems and problems in the child-and-parent relationships. It is proved that a year later, after psychological and pedagogical support (correction) children demonstrated stable improvements in their psychic and emotional state and learning abilities

Keywords: psychology, school seniors, psychological diagnostics, personal deviations, difficulties in teaching, psychological and pedagogical support, correction, psychological diagnosis, catamnesis, programs of psychological support

Abstract: The article considers the problem of a norm and deviation in culture as well as understanding of deviant behavior in various societies depending on their cultural environment. The author also described the evolution of a term ‘deviation’ as well as evolution of punishment for deviant behavior. The article contains an analysis of sub-cultures as the brightest manifestations of deviation from the socially recognized norms.

Keywords: psychology, social studies, deviation, deviant behavior, norm, abnormality, punishment, sub-culture

Abstract: The author of the article made an attempt to systematize both theoretical and applied aspects of available information on the problem of time perception. The author analyzed ‘types’ of time, reviewed experimental studies of time in psychology and described certain methods allowing to study various aspects of time perception. The article can be of great use to practical psychologists and diagnosticians.

Keywords: psychology, time, time perception, measurement, time perspective, events, methods of research

Abstract: Resume: the author of the article has analyzed the main trends of psychic evolution of modern human. The main idea of the article is the development of existing potentials and creation of new capacities and possibilities. However, it is noted that these potentials develop as a part of total psychic evolution. The author has pointed out the four trends of further psychic development: prevailing of “on situation” activity over adaptation, creation of new forms of social and emotional patters, divergence emotions and leading role of mental conclusions but not learning in behavior.

Keywords: psychology, potentials, intellect, evolution, conclusions, creativity, activity, emotions, society

Abstract: the authors claim that child’s TV broadcast is becoming a very important mean of socialization under conditions of a fast social, economic and cultural stratification in Russia. The authors described the methods for social and psychological control of TV programs for children. The scenario is viewed as an instrument for forming basic orientation at cooperation with preschoolers, including cooperation with disabled and orphan children. The mentioned above methods were tested as a part of educational TV program “Sesame Street in Russia”. 60 children 4-6 years old from typical day-care centers in Moscow and Voronezh participated in the research. The data received allowed to reinforce the educational potential of such TV projects.

Keywords: orientation at solidarity, TV broadcast, scenario, socialization, preschoolers, disabled children, orphan children, ethnographical methods, interview

Abstract: The article is devoted to the research of the child’s world-perception through attentive and successive study of their speech and play activity. The research covered children from 1.5 to 4 years old who were closely observed and results of the questionnaires answered by the parents of 31 children from 1 years 10 months old to 14 years old (most of children, 17, were 3-4 years old and 6 children were 6-7 years old). The results of the research showed a number of very interesting objective patters. On the whole it is quite obvious that toddlers have the mythopoetical type of world-perception. By the age of 7 this type of perception is usually switched by the analytical one, the latter is being quite specific for an adult.

Keywords: child’s world-perception, basic trust towards the world, speech, play activity

Abstract: For quite a long time experts have been debating whether psychotherapy is actually effective and what would be the proper way to assess this effectiveness. The author of this article compares the two well-known psychological approaches in terms of their effectiveness. The first one, psychoanalytical, is based on suggesting psychoanalytical interpretations and schemes and the other one, humanistic, is mostly oriented at personal adaptation and development.