Abstract: The subject this research is the phenomenon of nihilism in European history, as well as its reflection in the philosophy E. Jünger, M. Heidegger and T. Adorno. Historical pathology, which is associated with the processes of the modernity and received a diagnosis of "nihilism", consists in the fact that the values of modernity and Enlightenment – autonomy, freedom from external authority, critical use of reason, universal principles, in terms of which have been criticized religion, history, morals, politics – due to its negative, revolutionary character are unfavorable for creating sustainable moral and social relations. The problem of philosophy consists in the attempt to find an adequate response to nihilism. The article applies hermeneutic analysis of philosophical texts to reveal the variations of such responses. The scientific novelty of the research lies in creation of typology of solution of the problem of nihilism, proposed by the European philosophy. At the same time, the two fundamental types of nihilistic sociopolitical worldview – passive and active, in other words, melancholically-contemplative attitude and proclivity for revolutionary transformation of the world, receive criticism based on the analysis of reflection of the leading European philosophers.

Keywords: philosophy, ideology, utopia, revolution, modernity, values, society, nihilism, politics, messianism

References:
Adorno T. Izbrannoe: sotsiologiya muzyki. M.: Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2008.
Adorno T. Negativnaya dialektika. M.: Nauchnyy mir, 2003.
Adorno T. Esteticheskaya teoriya. M.: Respublika, 2001.
Ankersmit F. Esteticheskaya politika. Politicheskaya filosofiya po tut storonu fakta i tsennosti. M.: Izd. dom Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki, 2014.
Bakunin M. A. Izbrannye filosofskie sochineniya i pis'ma. M.: Mysl', 1987.
Kozlovski P. Mif o moderne. M.: Respublika, 2002.
Sloterdayk P. Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma. Ekaterinburg: Izdatel'stvo Ural'skogo universiteta, 2001.
Khaydegger M. Vremya i bytie. M.: Respublika, 1993.
Khaydegger M. Nitsshe. SPb.: Vladimir Dal', 2006. V 2-kh tt.
Yunger E. Rabochiy. Gospodstvo i geshtal't. SPb.: Nauka, 2000.
Yunger E. Cherez liniyu// Sud'ba nigilizma. SPb., 2006.
A.N. Mochkin Revolyutsiya «nigilizma»
F. Nitsshe i konservativnaya revolyutsiya
O. Shpenglera // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2013. - 3. - C. 316 - 324. DOI: 10.7256/1999-2793.2013.03.5.
A.N. Mochkin Labirint nigilisticheskoy
rev

Abstract: The question of preparation of scientific personnel in modern Russian is especially relevant for overcoming the established in the late XX – early XX century negative trends in educational and academic sphere, as well as strengthening the scientific-technological sovereignty. This implies the expansion of the sphere of application of research work in various economic branches and formation of the sustainable layer of highly qualified specialists involved in research and development activities. Particular attention is given to the specificity of preparation of researchers in university. Based on the results of representative sociological survey, the author analyzes the motives, opportunities and limitations of participation of the students and post-graduates in scientific research. The theoretical-methodological base contains a set of regulations focused on the correlation between various aspects of research activities, including its material, social, psychological, communicative and other aspects. It is demonstrated that despite the positive changes of the recent years, an entire set of problems impeding the inflow and consolidation of youth in the research and development sphere remains unresolved. A conclusion is made that with the professional growth, young researchers give more significance to the social aspects of their activity, which must be considered in the course of preparation of research personnel, as well as development and implementation of scientific policy.

Keywords: research skills, scientific research, research projects, higher school, training, researchers, sociology of science, sociology of education, students, sociological surveys

References:
Sheldrake R., Mujtaba T., Reiss M.J. Science teaching and students’ attitudes and aspirations: The importance of conveying the applications and relevance of science // International Journal of Educational research. 2017. Vol. 85. P. 167-183.
Mills A. Inactive Patents: Innovate More, Search Less. - URL: https://www.mtu.edu/news/stories/2016/november/inactive-patents-innovate-more-search-less.html (data obrashcheniya 26.06.18)
Improving science participation. Five evidence-based messages for policy-makers and funders. - URL: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioe/departments-centres/departments/education-practice-and-society/science-capital-research/pdfs/improving-science-participation-policy-overview.pdf (data obrashcheniya 20.08.18).
Handbook of education in China / ed. by W.J. Morgan, Q. Gu, F. Li. Cheltenham: Edward Edgar, 2017. - 584 p.
Schet v pol'zu nauki. - URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3030019 (data obrashcheniya 20.06.18).
Pecherskaya E.A., Savelenok E.A., Artamonov D.V. Vovlechenie studentov v nauchno-issledo

Abstract: The subject of this research is the interdisciplinary collaboration of sciences and knowledge overall, and sociological science in particular. The experience of the development of sciences most often confirms their formal mutual cooperation; at the same time methods and techniques of conducting the applied researchers are being borrowed. Every so often, sciences tolerate the partial use of the methods of empirical sociology. They do not evaluate neither the adequacy of implementation of one or another method or means of measurement, nor devise necessary tools. Such state of collaboration cannot be called interdisciplinary as it exists; thus, the article focuses of the determination of boundaries of interdisciplinarity within the socio-humanistic knowledge. The subject of the research is being reviewed in the broad spectrum of the value-conceptual phenomena within mutual systematic cooperation. Among the main conclusions are the following positions: sociology utilizes many research methods, and other sciences borrow first and foremost the methodological base. However, interdisciplinarity also provides other conditions and results of the collaboration of the scientific knowledge: a) theoretical and methodological reflection; b) accord of actions in resolution of a specific scientific problem; c) establishment of a connection with foreign researches; d) creation of  a scientific school, etc.

Keywords: methodology, social knowledge, cognition, norms, values, sociology, society, culture, science, problems of sociology

References:
Kirdina S. G. Mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniya v ekonomike i sotsiologii: problemy metodologii // Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2014. № 5. S. 60-75.
Kemerov V. E. Gumanitarnoe i sotsial'noe: ot oppozitsii k sintezu // Chelovek. 2011. № 1. S. 5-19.
Kemerov V. E. Menyayushchayasya rol' sotsial'noy filosofii i tsivilizatsionnye proekty // Vestnik Rossiyskogo filosofskogo obshchestva. 2005. № 3. S. 22-31.
Tambovtsev V. L. Instituty v sotsiologii, politologii i pravovedenii: vzglyad ekonomista // Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost'. 2015. № 1. S. 115-126.
Kiyashchenko L. P., Moiseev V. I. Filosofiya transdistsiplinarnosti. M.: Izd-vo In-ta filosofii RAN, 2009. 208 s.
Smirnov I. P. Istoriya mysli – istoriya filosofii: problema differentsiatsii // Filosofskie nauki. 2013. № 4. S. 8-19.
Gorshkov M. K. Dialog rossiyskoy sotsiologii s obshchestvom i vlast'yu (opyt proshlogo, perspektivy budushchego) // Filosofskie nauki. 2011. № 4. S. 13-25.
V.N. Porus Filosofiya — prostranstvo

Abstract: The subject of this research is the initiation of dialogue between the Russian Church and secular society in the course of establishment of the genre of church publicity in the works of notable church leaders of the middle and the second half of the XIX century – Clement (Mozharov), John (Sokolov), Nikanor (Brovkovich), and Ambrose (Klyucharev). Secularization of the social and cultural contributed into the emergence in the periodical literature of Russia of such trend as church publicity. This concept originated from the pastor’s “word”, and developed within the strict rules of the theological homiletics, gradually expanding its frameworks. The works of these renowned representatives of clergy compiles the material that provides the ability to sequentially trace the stages of evolution of the church publicity and preaching. This article demonstrates the review of the emergence of church publicity in Russia during the period of 1830-1840, its formation and peculiarities. At all stages of its development, church publicity within the framework of the Orthodox tradition, was seeking the answer to the problem of secularization of the Orthodox conscience of Russia. This research determines four of these stages, and their interconnection with the historical and cultural evolution in Russia. 

Keywords: secularization, archbishop Ambrose (Klyucharev), archbishop Nikanor (Brovkovich), bishop John (Sokolov), archimandrite Clement (Mozharov), , church publicity, traditional religious conscience, Orthodoxy and modernity, church preaching, clergy

References:
Znamenskiy P. Bogoslovskaya polemika 1860-kh godov ob otnoshenii pravoslaviya k sovremennoy zhizni // Pravoslavnyy sobesednik. 1902. Aprel'. S. 554–561.
Ioann, episkop Smolenskiy. Besedy, poucheniya i rechi. 2 izd. Smolensk, 1876.
[Kliment Mozharov, arkhim.] God v Novom Ierusalime ili sobranie poucheniy novo-ierusalimskogo arkhimandrita Klimenta, govorennykh v prodolzhenie 1855 goda. M., 1856.
[Kliment Mozharov, arkhim.] Sobranie neskol'kikh slov, govorennykh Sankt-Peterburgskoy dukhovnoy akademii ekstraordinarnym professorom arkhimandritom Klimentom. SPb., 1838.
Nikanor (Brovkovich), arkhiep. Biograficheskie materialy T. 1 / Pod red. svyashchennika S. Petrovskogo. Odessa, 1900.
Netuzhilov V.K. Tserkovnaya publitsistika v tsarstvovanie Aleksandra I // Vestnik RGGU. 2008. № 11. S. 44–57.
Netuzhilov K.E. Tserkovnaya periodicheskaya pechat' v Rossii XIX stoletiya. SPb., 2008.
Pis'ma Filareta, mitropolita Moskovskogo i Kolomenskogo k vysochayshim osobam i raznym drugim litsam / Sobr. i

Abstract: In the present article as a research subject we consider a sociocultural phenomenon of a procedural nature, that due to its dynamic nature has not received any categorical unambiguous definition in modern science and philosophy. We define this phenomenon as a sociocultural process of symbolising success.  The object of our attention is an interdisciplinary cultural discourse around the conceptualisation of the category of success, which takes place in the modern Russian linguistics, social philosophy, cultural studies, as well as a number of related subjects. Not pretending to represent an all-embracing perspective, we restrict ourselves to the identification of dynamic characteristics of the category of success in order to determine the sociocultural significance of its symbolisation as a continuous sociocultural process accompanying the genesis of culture.  Based on the analysis of national approaches in linguistics, cultural studies and social philosophy to the problems of conceptualisation of the category of success, the article focuses on the dynamic characteristics of the category of success in its everyday and philosophical symbolisation. So, the most important here is the philosophical and analytical method within the systematic cultural approach. The novelty of the research lies in understanding the significance of the dynamic characteristics of the category of success from the perspective of modern cultural ideas about the social and cultural dynamics. We introduce the concept of sociocultural process of symbolisation of success and determine its systemic importance as a principle of self-organisation of sociocultural systems and spatial-environmental orientation of the elements composing these systems.

Keywords: cultural orientation, categories of success, system approach, sociocultural process, sociocultural self-organisation, interdisciplinary discourse, symbolisation of success, phenomenology of success, constitution of social reality, sociocultural space

References:
G. Froydental' Otsutstvuyushchiy tsentr filosofii Kassirera:
Homo Faber in abstracto. // Filosofiya i kul'tura. - 2011. - 1. - C. 9 - 24.
Loktionov M.V. Filosofsko-metodologicheskie printsipy kriticheskoy teorii i kriticheskogo sistemnogo podkhoda v sovremennykh traktovkakh obshchestvennykh protsessov.
// Filosofskaya mysl'. - 2014. - 10. - C. 48 - 79. DOI: 10.7256/2409-8728.2014.10.13732. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/fr/article_13732.html
Klyuchnikov, S Yu. Filosofiya uspekha: gnoseologicheskiy analiz : diss. kand. filos. nauk : 09.00.01. M, 2003. 145 s.
Yakutina, O I. Sotsial'nye praktiki uspekha: diskurs povsednevnosti i sotsial'no-filosofskoe ponyatie : diss. d-ra filos. nauk : 09.00.11. Krasnodar, 2011. 383 s.
Mullyar L.A. Sotsial'no-filosofskie smysly obraza-kontsepta «uspekh» : diss. d-ra filosofskikh nauk : 09.00.11. Pyatigorsk, 2012. 286 s.
Kanarskiy, D I. Uspekh kak mekhanizm konstituirovaniya sotsial'noy real'nosti: Sotsial'no-filosofskiy analiz: diss. kand. filosofsk

Abstract: In his article Rozin discusses Bruno Latour's book "Reassembling the Social - An Intruduction to Actor-Network Theory". Rozin analyzes Latour's approach (in this paper he acts as a sociology methodologist) as well as the basic principles and provisions Latour relies on (critics of the natural scientific and social engineering approaches, prohibition on the reduction of social phenomena to ultimate ontologies of society and nature, orientation at the development of empirical sociology ). Rozin analyzes the basic terms that Latour introduces, intermediaries and networks. According to Rozin, the genesis of these concepts is due to the fundamental principle of studied provisions. Based on the concepts of intermediary and network Latour introduces a number of other terms ("translation", "interaction", "actor", "action", "group") as well as develops a comprehensive ontology. This ontology is analyzed, too. Rozin discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Latour's theory and the conditions necessary for the reform of sociology as a science. In his research Rozin uses the methods of comparative analysis, methodological problematization and reconstruction. In addition to the methodological approach Rozin also implements the basic principles of humanitarian research.Reading and interpretation of Latour's ideas and concepts raise a lot of questions and Rozin tries to formulate and discuss some of them. From his point of view, the problem is not an indication of a weak thought but rather a strong point particularly in terms of further development. It is important not to miss valuable ideas and schemes outlined by Latour, for example, the scheme for relations between intermediaries and sociality, criticics of the fundamental principles of traditional sociology and development of original ideas of relativistic sociology.

Keywords: methodology, ontology, terms, schemes, discourse, reality, sociality, concept, construction, reform

References:
V.M. Rozin analiz skhem v filosofii
i drugikh gumanitarnykh naukakh
(na materiale knigi E. svedenborga) // Psikhologiya i Psikhotekhnika. - 2010. - 1. - C. 9 - 16.
E.A. Popov Mezhdistsiplinarnyy opyt gumanitarnogo znaniya
i sovremennoy sotsiologicheskoy nauki // Politika i Obshchestvo. - 2013. - 4. - C. 441 - 447. DOI: 10.7256/1812-8696.2013.04.8.
Rozin V.M. Vvedenie v skhemologiyu. Skhemy v kul'ture, filosofii, nauke, proektirovanii. M., 2011.
Rozin V.M. Metodologicheskiy analiz knigi Z.Baumana «Aktual'nost' kholokosta» // Politika i obshchestvo. 2014. N 12.
Zigmunt Bauman Aktual'nost' kholokosta. M., 2010.
Khaydegger M. Vopros o tekhnike // Martin Khaydegger Vremya i bytie: Stat'i i vystupleniya. M., 1993.
Bruno Latur Peresborka sotsial'nogo: vvedenie v aktorno-setevuyu teoriyu. Per. s ang. I.Polonskoy. M., 2014.
Bekon F. Sochineniya v 2-kh t. T. 1. M. 1971.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of Zygmunt Bauman’s book “Modernity and the Holocaust”. In this article Rozin describes the four basic objectives achieved by the author of the book (i. e. to provide a scientific definition of the Holocaust, to engage society and sociologists in a new interpretation of this terrible phenomenon, to criticize sociological methods and to understand lessons taught by the Holocaust). Rozin discusses Bauman’s approach to the solution of the aforesaid tasks. Based on Rozin, in his book Bauman appeared to be not only a scientist but also a philosopher, methodologist and a political writer. Rozin analyzes Bauman’s “discoveries’ in the process of solving the aforesaid tasks such as combination of different research methods (historical, humanitarian, sociological, cultural, social, psychological and institutional methods), analysis of the influence of social machines on individual mind and behavior, implementation of the technological (social engineering) approach and differentiation between the two anthropological horizons — societal and personal ones. In his analysis Rozin has used the methods of comparative analysis, methodological problematization, reconstruction of the text, interpretation and summarization. Rozin shares his impression of Bauman using the Holocaust more like the ground to search for new ways of studying social phenomena. Moreover, Bauman wrote that the main causes of the Holocaust were: unusual coincidence of circumstances, European anti-Semitism tradition, implementation of the racist theory by the fascist state, social-engineering approach to the society and human and transformation of minds of particular individuals and general population influenced by a well established social technology.

Keywords: society, the Holocaust, social engineering, technology, state institution, morals, morality, resistance, general population, personality.

References:
Rozin V.M. Osobennosti diskursa i issledovaniya v gumanitarnoy nauke. M., 2009.
Zigmunt Bauman Aktual'nost' kholokosta. M., 2010.
Tam zhe.
Rozin V.M. Vvedenie v skhemologiyu. Skhemy v filosofii, kul'ture, nauke, proektirovanii. M., 2011.
Rozin V.M. Antichnaya kul'tura. Etyudy-issledovaniya. M., 2005.
Rozin V.M. Myshlenie: sushchnost' i razvitie. M., 2014.
Zigmunt Bauman Aktual'nost' kholokosta.
Druker P. F. Zadachi menedzhmenta v XXI veke. Moskva*Sankt-Peterburg*Kiev, 2002.
Bibler V.S. Obraz prostetsa i ideya lichnosti v kul'ture srednikh vekov // Chelovek i kul'tura. M., 1990.
Benkhabib S. Prityazaniya kul'tury. Ravenstvo i raznoobrazie v global'nuyu eru. M., 2003.
Tolstoy L.N. Voskresen'e. Sobr. soch. T. 11. M., 1948.
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. Problemy vzaimodeystviya grazhdanskogo obshchestva i gosudarstva v sovremennoy Rossii // Yuridicheskie issledovaniya. - 2013. - 4. - C. 1 - 55. DOI: 10.7256/2305-9699.2013.4.585. URL: http://www.e-notabene.ru/lr

Abstract: The article is devoted to the ideas of a professor A. V. Naumov on the issues of crime and punishment in the human history, history of science and religion. The professor analyzes these issues comprehensively and takes into account data obtained by researchers of different branches and movements of science. The reviewed book contains intertwinement of historical facts, opinions, statistical data, illustrations of criminal law concepts and attitudes to punishment and crime in literature s well as the analysis of legislation. The reviewer appraises the objectivist approach of A. V. Naumov to the study of crime and punishment. The author of the review also analyzes the ideological neutrality of the author of the book and underlines that personal assessments of studied phenomena can be of interest to the readers. The reviewer also analyzes the main content and the structure of the book. The reviewed book can be the beginning of a new stage of refl ections on the fate and fortunes of criminal law, crime and punishment, victim and criminal. The book can also trigger further researches in the sphere of criminal law. The author of the book manages to maintain an open mind when analyzing the Russian criminal law and comparing it to the Western law. When necessary, the author also appeals to the comparative law besides Russian law history.

Keywords: Crime, punishment, history of Russia, criminal law, the Criminal Code, objectivist approach, criminal law concepts, historical facts, legislation, reform.

References:
I. V. Shil'nikova. Nakazanie kak element sistemy stimulirovaniya truda rabochikh-tekstil'shchikov v Sovetskoy Rossii (1918–1929): opyt mikroanaliza. // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya.-2013.-№ 4.-C. 457-471. DOI: 10.7256/2222-1972.2013.4.8771
Omel'chenko O.A.. Usloviya otbyvaniya nakazaniya beremennymi zhenshchinami i zhenshchinami, imeyushchimi maloletnikh detey, vo vremena GULAGa. // Pravo i politika.-2014.-№ 5.-C. 708-718. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2014.5.11289
E. A. Antonyan. Nakazanie v vide lisheniya svobody kak ob'ekt teoreticheskogo issledovaniya*. // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov.-2013.-№ 2.-C. 46-49.
Nitsenko R.A.. Smyagchenie i usilenie nakazaniya pri ego Naznachenii v Rossiyskom ugolovnom prave. // Pravo i politika.-2013.-№ 12.-C. 1701-1706. DOI: 10.7256/1811-9018.2013.12.994
Loba V.E.. Stanovlenie i razvitie otechestvennoy doktriny o ponyatii i tselyakh nakazaniya v dissertatsionnykh issledovaniya po ugolovnomu pravu universitetov Rossiyskoy imperii. // Pravo i po

Abstract: The article provides an insight into the Conference held at Center of Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Bielefeld in Germany on March 8, 2013. All preparations and arrangements were performed by professors from the University of Bielefeld. Not only follows of natural sciences participated in the Conference, but so did philosophers, sociologists, lawyers, and etc. The results of the Conference would be of priority for science, society and law. The author of the article concludes that state policy in the sphere of science, education and culture cannot be built without fundamental researches, certain investments and possibilities of inter-disciplinary approach and international cooperation. State policy in the spheres of innovation and technology must be based on complex and specialized researches.

Keywords: studies of law, researches, Universum, science, innovation, conference, physics, mathematics, philosophy, social studies.

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Abstract: The state presupposes the presence of territory, which is part of state organization, the necessary precondition for its existence, the basis for the life of any society, which is organized in a state. The study of this problem, in the author’s opinion, has both theoretical and practical potential, since many issues on territorial integrity remain topical and unsolved, and are subject to discussions. In this article the author analyzes territory as a historically formed area within the state borders, to which the state sovereignty is applied.

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Abstract: Does the state power come to its limit at the level of territorial groups, that is where the local government works? Can one said that the local government and state power are mutually independent within the political system, which integrates both of them into itself? What is the role of local government in formation of the institutions of the civil society and the jural state? What are the specific features of local government? In this article A.V. Batanov searches for answers to these and other topical questions…

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Abstract: This article contains analysis of the spheres of joint competence of the Russian Federation and its subjects. As the author points out, the analysis of provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation clearly shows, that the list of such spheres, which is provided in the Constitution, is not complete…

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Abstract: This article contains a report, which is devoted to the topic of Hegel’s Congress, which recently took place in Stuttgart, - the language of logic, or, precisely speaking, its two languages: syllogistics and what Gottlob Frege called “estimation of terms” (“Begriffsschrift”)…

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