Abstract: The subject of the study is the formation of control and evaluation of self-sufficiency of younger schoolchildren in the conditions of part-time and full-time forms of education. The authors identify the problem of transition of primary school-age students to the correspondence format of education, combining full-time and distance forms. Such aspects of the topic as indicators of the formation of control actions of students are considered in detail, the relationship between control and evaluation actions is shown, the specifics of the educational evaluation action are described. The key idea is outlined: the transfer of the control and evaluation function to the student. The control and evaluation of own results by the child himself is considered. Special attention is paid to conducting a formative experiment. The main conclusion of the study is the confirmed fact that in correspondence and part-time forms of study, working with assessment sheets with the allocation of evaluation criteria is an effective means of forming control and evaluation independence in younger schoolchildren. The results of the experiment showed that in the experimental class, the independence of students has become higher, since the student is responsible for his learning. The main contribution of the authors in the study of the topic is an attempt to solve the problem of teachers using methods and didactic teaching tools that are most suitable for effective practical application in the situation of correspondence and full-time distance learning.

Keywords: evaluation sheets, criteria-based assessment system, estimation, control, full-time and part-time form, correspondence form, training, independence, elementary classes, junior high school student

Abstract: The article is devoted to the system justification of the e-learning process. The language of cybernetics is used to describe a purposeful process. Using the language of cybernetics allows you to identify all the components of the educational process management system. In the classical case, this is a teacher who has a management goal and achieves this goal. With the advent of computer technology, the process control system becomes more complicated – information and communication technologies are included in it. Based on the cybernetic model of learning as a purposeful process, the evolution of the interaction process in education from classical education in the form of "man-man", then to the form of "man-computer-man" and then to the form of "man-learning environment" is considered. At the same time, the evolution of the didactic content of the educational process is considered. The main conclusions of this study are: the conclusion that there is a fundamental contradiction between the finite possibilities of computer influence as part of the educational process management system and the infinite set of behavioral reactions of the learner. It is shown how this contradiction is resolved at the system level by, on the one hand, simplifying the e-course itself, but at the same time increasing the diversity of the number of courses. It is shown that at this level the development of e-learning and the content of digital didactics can be characterized as "student–teacher - learning algorithm". Further, a forecast is made that an increase in the variety of e-courses will lead to the creation of a personal learning environment, the purpose of which will be marketing: to satisfy the client's training needs as much as possible. It is concluded that digital didactics will be built on the principles of gamification.

Keywords: didactics, didactic triangle, control system, the learning process, cybernetics, e-learning, digital didactics, pedagogy, training, algorithm

Abstract: This article examines the conceptual system of didactics in the conditions of integration of the modern scientific knowledge. An attempt is made to determine the method for overcoming the current deficit of specific didactic concepts, which reflect the essence and peculiarities of the subject of didactics in the conditions of dynamically changing characteristic of the object of study – the learning process that acquires fundamentally new value and performance goals. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the use of solely psychological methods for description and explanation of the new phenomena of learning process, substantiated by the subject context of its consideration, contradicts the subject of didactics, which should focus not on the psychological mechanisms that characterize subjectivity, but on answering the question of what needs to be done for the students to take subjective position in the course of their educational activity. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of the variant of broadening the conceptual system of modern didactics through introduction of the new didactic concept that aligns with the specifics of its subject – student's subjective learning experience. The introduction of this concept reflects the trend that is important for the current stage of the development of didactics – shift to a fundamentally new level that corresponds with post-nonclassical type of scientific rationality, when unlike previous approaches that focused on the educational activity of the pedagogue, who organizes and maintains learning activity of the student, central figure in didactic problematic is the student and their educational activity,

Keywords: subject of learning, subject of teaching process, subject position, subjectivity, subject, subject-oriented teaching, post-non-classical scientific rationality, conceptual system of didactics, student's subjective experience, subject of educational activity

Abstract: The subject of this research is the formation of skills of the architecture of speech that corresponds to the norms of the Russian literary language among students majoring nonlinguistic specialties. The object of this research is the process of teaching language subjects using the “crib notes” method. The goal consist in testing the effectiveness of such teaching method. Methodological substantiation of the methods of pedagogical research consists in the activity, personal and systemic approaches. Methods of pedagogical research contain empirical (study and generalization of pedagogical experience, analysis of students’ performance, observation, conversation), data processing methods (mathematical, statistical). A pedagogical experiment was conducted as method of studying the pedagogical process in the modified and accurately considered conditions. The described in the article “crib notes” method applicable to studying language disciplines not only structures the knowledge, but also helps the students to memorize easily reproduce the learnt material, develops creative abilities of future engineers, even in the area of cognition and development of literary and formalized speech architecting skills. The scientific novelty consists in combination of language material and the competences of future engineers to present information in the form of diagrams, tables, and systems. This allows employing this method in studying not only the selected language topics, but entire disciplines as well.

Keywords: symbols, circuitry, language of the discipline, cheat sheet method, pedagogical experiment, method, teaching, pedagogy, analysis, rules of the language

Abstract: The subject of the research is the cognitive interest of students as one of the most important terms of professional activity of a school teacher and university professor from both practical and theoretical points of view. The efficiency of teaching efforts in many ways depends on whether students are interested in the discipline or not and how well they understand it. The object of the research is analogies as one of the didactical means that can be used to raise the cognitive interest of students. In teaching activity, analogies are a specifically presented theoretical illustration of the material given by a teacher. The authors of the article analyze analogy as a didactical means used to teach such university disciplines as philosophy, philosophy of cognition, history and philosophy of science and logic. As a didactical means, analogies are viewed as illustration of concepts and interaction between these concepts, for example, empirical and theoretical levels, description and explanation, verification principle and falsification principle, cumulativism and anticumulativism, scientism and antiscientism, truth and interpretation. One of the main conclusions that is of special theoretical and practical importance and constitutes the novelty of the research is the proof of educational irreplaceability and pedagogical efficiency of such didactical means as analogy. In varied theoretical contexts, analogy helps to make complex things simplier, unclear things more understandable, complicated things more clearer and thus raise the level of the cognitive interest of students and motivate them for studying 'boring' disciplines. 

Keywords: science, interpretation, truth, didactic agent, cognitive interest, analogy, scientism, students, teacher, education

Abstract: The object of the research is interlanguage interference as one of a normal effect in teaching and learning foreign languages. The subject of the research is the specifics of this interference that can be used to teach Spanish to students who have already learnt English. The authors analyze the process of teaching the second foreign language as a pedagogical process which differs from the process of teaching the first foreign language fundamentally. The authors focus on the relationship between English and Spanish language systems and whether it is possible to develop a critical thinking based on teaching a foreign language. The research methods used by the authors included general research methods and special research methods. General research methods clarify the role of teaching the second foreign language in general, special research methods explain specifics of teaching Spanish based on English and interlanguage interference that arises in this process. The authors conclude that from the methodological point of view it is possible not only to minimize interlanguage interference but also develop a critical thinking on this basis which is very important in the era of 'instrumental' ideas in language education caused by pragmatic communicative concepts. Along with a detailed analysis of opportunities for working with linguistic materials based on a rarely taught language, this makes the novelty of this research. 

Keywords: cognitive training, grammatical interference, interlanguage interference, lexical interference, linguo-didactics, teaching second foreign language, linguo-education, English, Spanish, educational route

Abstract: When translating proper names, a translator often faces the problem of adequate translation. In order to avoid mistakes and inaccuracies, a translator should master the methodology of translation of proper names. The subject of the research is the primary ways of translation of proper names from German to Russian in terms of anthroponyms occurring in the artworks of the fantasy genre, such as the series of books Inkheart by German writer Cornelia Funke. The author deals with peculiar properties of the functioning of such techniques as transliteration, transcription, and calque, problems occurring when translating anthroponyms, and also determines a frequency of techniques. A descriptive method, method of comparative analysis of originals and translations, method of linguistic-statistical analysis serve as methods of the study. The scientific novelty is due to the research of translation techniques based on a comparative study of correlated anthroponyms of the source language and target language in the series of books Inkheart by German writer Cornelia Funke. Analysis of the factual material showed that transcription is a widely used technique of translating the anthroponyms from German to Russian, that allows conveying a national color of the names. A calque is used rarely as in the process of translation there may occur a loss of meaning laid in the source language. The transliteration is characterized by the lowest frequency.

Keywords: transliteration, transcription, translating language, source language, speaking names, anthroponym, proper name, translation, calque, fantasy

Abstract: The subject of the research is the main approaches to designing a professional educational program 'Museology and Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage Objects'. The object of the research is the professional training as part of the aforesaid program. Based on current laws and regulations and considering demands of employers as well as modern trends in the development of museology as a science, the authors of the article offer a model for selecting and defining the contents of disciplines as part of the professional training. The authors focuse on the role of historical disciplines in the process of professional training and teaching the major 'Cultural Tourism and Excursion Activities'. The research is based on using the modelling method, design method and traditional teaching method that is based on fixation and generalisation of teaching and managerial experience. The novelty of the research is based on the fact that the authors prove the role of a department head as the main curriculum designer and that of a lecturer as an executive who has some autonomy in how to present his or her discipline as well as the model structure when executing the aforesaid professional educational program. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need to apply this model to teaching basic and professional disciplines and illustrate how the model can be applied to teaching the module of historical disciplines. 

Keywords: competence, educational standard, professional standard, content of disciplines, selection of disciplines, professional educational program, museology, higher education, curriculum, module of historical disciplines

Abstract: The subject of the research is the transformation of teaching military professional education systems as a whole and improvement of teaching methods in particular in relation to the shift in the paradigm of war and armed struggle. The results demonstrate today's system of military education faces new goals and objectives including tasks associated with the change in ways of organizing learning, expansion of the arsenal of means and modalities of implementation of educational activities and changing characteristics of the particular educational environment. This requires consideration of the combinations, and combinations of complementary teaching systems and methods, given that a particular type of system or methodology is the dominant method of training, and the remaining complement and enrich it. The research methodology combines methods of systems analysis, professional pedagogy, professionally-oriented and object-oriented learning. The main conclusion of the study is the need to review teaching methods both as components of the methodology of educational activities and as elements of the didactic construct that best suits the nature and characteristics of university educational activities and allows to intensify the educational process taking into account the means and modalities of implementation of educational activities and characteristics of the particular educational environment.

Keywords: receive training, teaching didactics, didactics, classification of training methods, method of training, methodical system of training, training, education system, learning content, imitation methodical system

Abstract: The author of the article views such aspects of the topic as the development and implementation of such a promising technology of teaching Russian as the 'language portfolio'. The objectives of the research are based on the need 1) to find particular techniques and methods to improve students' competence and skills in their major as well as associated majors, for example, competence in writing projects and solution of academic tasks; 2) to create certain organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing a new evaluation system which would involve not only teacher's assessement but also student's self-evaluation and evaluation of his success by other students. The analysis of different types and models of portfolios described in the didactic and linguo-didactic literature and conduction of a pedagogical experiment were the basis for creating a major portfolio 'Portfolio of Student's Achivements'. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author offers and tries a major portfolio 'Portfolio of My Achievements: the Russian Language' as one of the methods to develop  a model of evaluation and feedback between teachers and students as part of the creation of organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing self-evaluation and self-control skills. 

Keywords: diary of achievements, types of language portfolio, self-evaluation, self-reflection, project activities, solution of academic tasks, motivation, work with information, communication

Abstract: The object of research in this article is teaching foreign languages. The matter under study is forming grammar skills within classical and communicative teaching grammar. The author proves the importance of the problem of teaching grammar in terms of a client oriented approach practised nowadays. The article presents a review of the main ideas of working on grammar within different approaches to teaching languages. Particular attention is concentrated on peculiarities and difficulties of communicative teaching as the most practised nowadays.The research method in the article is the comparative linguodidactic analysis of different approaches to teaching foreign grammar.The main author’s conclusions are the following statements. Nowadays the market of educational services dictates a need to reconsider teaching grammar for a communicative approach, but it should not result in giving up working on grammar. However communicative teaching has a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Classical teaching grammar that is often presented as obsolete and ineffective is nevertheless timeproof. More than one generation managed to learn a foreign language that way including those who propagandize communicative teaching nowadays. Therefore classical teaching should not be rejected but fitted to modern communicative ideals which is not an easy task.The novelty of this article consists in viewing approaches to teaching grammar through the prism of educational services that dictate not only good result but client’s satisfaction in the process as well.

Keywords: structure, ideal, communication, means, approach, method, foreign language, grammar, teaching, services market

Abstract: The object of research is the means of teaching English. The matter under study is using blogs in this pedagogical process as a mean of teaching. The author deeply studies the problem of choosing means of teaching English these days and in􀏔luence of modern technologies on it as well as characteristics of blog texts and ways to work with them. Introduction of new means along with classic ones is motivated. Particular attention is paid to importance of using authentic materials in teaching English nowadays. The method of research in this article is author’s analysis of widespread teaching practice and his own experience of teaching English. The novelty of the article consists in viewing a habitual virtual object as a mean of teaching English. In the new role this object gets originality. The principal conclusions from the article are the following. 1) There is the necessity to add new means of teaching English to traditional teaching methods. 2) Authentic materials are effective both from methodological and from psychological point of view. 3) Blog texts are linguistically speci􀏔ic and resemble discourse. 4) Originality of blogs as a mean of teaching gives new ways of working with texts that contain considerable methodological potential.

Keywords: English, theory of education, means, discourse, text, communication, Internet, blog, technologies, teacher.