Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems of the organization and implementation of public control over migrant workers in the Russian Federation. The authors argue that public control is the leading institution of civil society, which is the most important legal guarantee for the implementationand protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the entire system of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens and non-governmental non-profit organizations. The paper substantiates the position that public control measures should be carried out in relation to: authorized public authorities in the field of migration relations; enterprises, institutions and organizations that invite, import and use foreign citizens as labor, as well as stateless persons who previously lived abroad; labor migrants themselves; formal (registered in The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), and informal public associations of migrant workers. In the course of writing this scientific article, a number of general and private scientific research methods were used, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The article develops and substantiates a system of measures to optimize the processes of organizing and implementing public control over the above-mentioned objects related to labor migration, including by: formalizing public control in the Constitution as well as in legislation on public control; determining the list of subjects of public control authorized to organize and conduct public control in relation to the above-mentioned public relations; obliging any subjects employing foreigners and stateless persons to create trade union organizations; conducting scientific and practical research in the above-mentioned sphere of public control; incorporation into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation of measures of responsibility for countering the legitimate activities of representatives of subjects of public control in the field of labor migration; strengthening the organizational, legal and logistical base of subjects of public control in this area.

Keywords: labor duties, labor rights, Ministry of Justice of Russia, migrant workers, stateless persons, foreign citizens, democracy, Russian Federation, public control, national security

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of public control over the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste. The paper substantiates that activities related to the organization and implementation of the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste can and should be subject to public control. The authors have identified and substantiated the problems hindering the organization and implementation of public control in relation to the above-mentioned type of activity, in particular: the absence of any real powers for the subjects of public environmental control to organize and conduct public environmental control in an independent mode; the undemocratic nature of the institute for verifying the knowledge of public environmental inspectors; weak organizational and technical, the material base of the activity of this type of subjects of public control.  A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, including: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The article develops and substantiates a system of proposals for solving problems that hinder the organization and implementation of public control over the collection, storage and disposal of solid household waste, in particular, by: adopting the Federal Law "On Public Environmental Control", which should enshrine the principles, goals, objectives, basic forms and methods of organization and implementation measures of public environmental control, a system of real powers of subjects of public environmental control; the creation of the All-Russian Association of Public Environmental Inspections (membership in which can be made a prerequisite for their creation and operation), which will include an Independent knowledge testing center for public environmental inspectors, which will need to be entrusted with the organization and conduct of knowledge testing of the above-mentioned public inspectors; strengthening the material, technical, organizational and legal basis of the organization and activities of this type of subjects of public control.

Keywords: optimization, disposal, storage, collection, Russian Federation, environmental control, household waste, solid, public control, problems

Abstract: The article is devoted to the legal analysis of the organization and implementation of public control in the field of creation and turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. The paper substantiates the role and importance of the public control in the system of legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of both the system of constitutional principles and the entire system of human and civil rights and freedoms in Russia. The article examines the impact of the processes of creation and turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation by 2024 on the development of the country's economy. The necessity of including control related to the creation and turnover of cryptocurrencies in the list of objects of public control is justified, since a significant part of the economically active population of Russia participates in these relations, and the turnover of the cryptocurrency market is comparable to the turnover of some sectors of the country's economy.  In the course of the conducted scientific research, a number of methods were used: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological. The research materials were the doctrinal sources of T. A. Batrova, A.V. Gabov, Yu. V. Truntsevsky, etc., devoted to the organization and activities of subjects of public control in the Russian Federation, as well as the legal regulation of the issue and turnover of cryptocurrencies in Russia and in the world, the results of sociological research on the practice of functioning of these subjects, as well as statistical data on their organization and activities. The paper formalizes and examines the main problems associated with the organization and implementation of public control over public relations in the field of creation and turnover of cryptocurrencies in the Russian Federation. The authors have developed and justified a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by optimizing legislation in this area.

Keywords: optimization, digital technologies, public law analysis, Russian Federation, cryptocurrency, turnover, creation, sphere, democracy, public control

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of trade unions in ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the position that the implementation of this constitutional principle is impossible without a system of legal guarantees, among which the most important place is occupied by civil society institutions. The key and most developed institution of civil society in modern Russia are trade unions, which are voluntary public associations of citizens to protect their labor and social rights, which form the basis of the system of human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation. The article examines the main problems associated with the participation of trade unions in the implementation of forms of direct and indirect democracy in the country, and also developed and substantiated a system of proposals and recommendations to enhance the role of trade unions in ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in Russia.  The work uses a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analysis of specific legal situations. The most important place in this system is given to proposals to improve the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current legislation in terms of increasing the role and place of trade unions in the mechanism of implementation of direct and indirect forms of democracy in Russia.The object of this study is public relations related to the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy in Russia, as well as the participation of trade unions in this process. The subject of the study is a set of legal norms regulating the mechanism for ensuring the implementation of the constitutional principle of democracy, as well as scientific views on the place of trade unions in the organization and functioning of this mechanism. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the role of trade unions in the Russian Federation in the mechanism of ensuring the implementation of democracy as the most important constitutional principle.

Keywords: constitutional guarantees, civil society, public authority, legality, public control, Russian Federation, constitutional principle, trade unions, democracy, implementation

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of development of legislation on public control in the Republic of Belarus. The object of the study is public relations related to the organization and functioning of the institute of public control in the Republic of Belarus, and the subject of the study is normative legal acts on the legal regulation of this institution of civil society in the country, as well as scientific legal doctrine in the field of organization and functioning of the institute of public control. The paper substantiates the importance of the institution of public control in the country as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and participation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus in the management of state affairs. It seems that the organization and functioning of this institution of civil society in this country are associated with numerous problems, the most important of which are, in particular: the imperfection of legislation on public control; the absence of mandatory subjects of public control who would organize and conduct public control activities on a regular basis; the lack of real powers of public control to influence to the objects of public control in order to bring their activities, acts and decisions in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the current legislation. The authors use a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analysis of specific legal situations. The article formalizes and substantiates a system of measures and proposals to resolve the above-mentioned problems in order to optimize the processes of organization and activity of this institution of civil society, both through amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and the current legislation, and through the development and adoption of new laws on: organization and functioning of the system of public control in the Republic of Belarus; creation of the Public Chamber of the Republic of Belarus, regional public chambers, district and city public chambers (councils).

Keywords: President, state control, democracy, public control, legality, Republic of Belarus, development, prospects, problems, responsibility

Abstract: This article is devoted to the legal analysis of the public control in the Russian Federation as a tool for centralizing the public administration system during a special military operation. The authors note that the public administration system in Russia during the period of a special military operation, on the one hand, is experiencing a systemic negative external impact from hostile foreign states and their coalitions, and on the other hand, is being tested for strength due to extreme pressures on both the country's economy (including the military-industrial complex) and and the Russian society. In this regard, it is of particular interest to analyze the main directions of using the institute of public control as a tool for centralizing the public administration system in the Russian Federation. A number of scientific research methods are used in the research, including: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The paper examines the main problems hindering the organization and functioning of subjects of public control as an effective tool for influencing the public administration system in Russia in order to optimize it in the context of a special military operation: the lack of consolidation of this institution in the Basic Law of the country; the exclusion of a number of objects from the subject of Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated 07/21/2014 "On the basics of public control in the Russian Federation"; lack of real powers for subjects of public control; lack of elaboration in scientific legal doctrine and legislation of special forms, methods and types of public control measures in military and emergency situations; lack of elaboration of increased measures of legal responsibility for actions that impede the legitimate activities of subjects of public control; lack of specific types of subjects public control with experience in working under conditions of a special military operation; insufficient use of positive foreign and Soviet experience of public control over the apparatus of public power. The authors have developed and substantiated a system of measures to resolve these problems.

Keywords: conduct, period, public administration, system, centralization, instrument, Russian Federation, public control, special military operation, civil society

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of the safety of children – one of the most vulnerable categories of the population and at the same time the most important priority of the state policy of Russia. The subject of the study are threats and the system of ensuring the safety of children. The methodological basis of the research was made up of an interdisciplinary approach, logical, comparative, concrete sociological (content analysis, questionnaire) and special legal (formal legal, technical legal, interpretation) methods of cognition. The information base of the study was the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other legal and technical acts regulating issues of child safety and national security, scientific publications and information and analytical materials. The empirical base of the study was made up of the materials of the questionnaire of persons living in Yekaterinburg with children (N=127, 2022). Special attention is paid to the study of the relationship between the safety of children and the national security of the state. The scientific novelty of the work consists in: the author's approach to understanding the safety of children, its structure and content; identified by the results of the survey conducted by the author of the problems of ensuring and threats to the safety of children at home, on the street and in educational institutions; formulated proposals for their solution and minimization. It is concluded that the safety of children in the system of ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation should be isolated as a separate strategic national priority and stand in the first place.

Keywords: transport security, information security, psychological security, physical security, spiritual and moral security, social security, national security, child safety, educational security, environmental safety

Abstract: For effective work and a high level of efficiency, a person must not only have the appropriate professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also observe the work and rest regime, otherwise not only labor efficiency indicators deteriorate, but also prerequisites for temporary or even irreversible deterioration of health are created. The topic of rehabilitation of people has been relevant throughout the history of mankind, in modern conditions, the significance of this problem increases many times due to the acceleration of the pace of scientific and technological progress and the complexity of the labor process in terms of the growth of psycho-emotional tension of a person. However, in the modern conditions of transformation of Russian society, the possibility of obtaining a resort recreation service that is safe from the point of view of technical quality becomes problematic. The purpose of the study is to identify the main characteristics of attractions as components of recreation at the resort and identify the main ways to improve its safety. The subject of the study is the safety of attractions. Induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, observation and comparison methods were used as research methods. The main conclusions of the study were the definition of a priority direction for improving the system of regulatory regulation of attractions – the formation of a safe recreation environment in domestic resorts and the entertainment sector as a whole. This will make it possible to form a high-quality service and minimize to an acceptable level dangerous and harmful factors in this segment of the entertainment sector. The novelty of the research lies in the formation of the main directions for improving the safety of amusement services, in particular, the introduction of voluntary certification with the maintenance of a Federal register of employees whose level of professional knowledge will act as a guarantee of safety, as well as the further development of the system of technical regulation at the federal, regional and local levels with the integration of all participants into a single community.

Keywords: entertainment, development of the sphere, attractions, activities, regulation, regulatory, main stages, recreation, requirement, a person on vacation

Abstract: The object of the study is the method of calculating the index of multiple deprivation of territories as a methodological component of overcoming multidimensional poverty. The subject of the study is the best practices of using the index of multiple deprivation in developed countries.The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological justification of the feasibility of calculating the index of multiple deprivations at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation to identify the most acute manifestations of multidimensional poverty and its subsequent overcoming. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific (the method of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, the unity of historical and logical) and special (statistical, index) methods. The information base of the study was the statistical data of the World Bank, methodological recommendations for calculating the index of multidimensional deprivation of territorial authorities of Great Britain, aggregated data of the information and analytical portal Knoema. According to the authors, the attention of regional authorities of the Russian Federation in terms of solving the problem of poverty should focus not only on monetary, but also, first of all, on multidimensional poverty in order to eliminate the problems of the regions in the sphere of living standards and ensure the inclusion of all citizens in the development processes. The calculation of the multidimensional deprivation index is expedient from the point of view of reducing disparities in territorial development and point-to-point solutions to the problems of specific territories (for example, residents of northern regions may experience deprivation in infrastructure, the population of central Russia and industrial zones suffers deprivation in relation to environmental living conditions, etc.)

Keywords: depressive territories, territorial inequality, territorial development, deprivation, multidimensional poverty, monetary poverty, poverty, standard of living, index of multiple deprivations, foreign experience

Abstract: This article presents the original approach towards assessment of human potential of the territory from the perspective of economic security. Despite a wide variety of scientific publications that touch upon the issues of assessing the quantity and quality of human resources, there is no comprehensive research on them as a structural element of the system of ensuring economic security of the country and its administrative-territorial units. At the same time, the development of human capital significantly impacts the level of economic security of public legal entities, and the indicators that characterize its state may serve as the “markers” that allow tracing the instance of occurrence of the borderline states that threaten territorial economy. In light of this, the author aims to develop the indicators that on the one hand describe the provision of territorial-economic complex with labor resources, and on the other hand the fulfillment of socioeconomic needs of the population. Combined, they determine the degree of protection of the territorial economy from threats that arise due to the changes in quantitative and qualitative parameters of human capital. In the course of this research, the author develops the system of coefficients that reflect the parameters of human potential of the territory, constant monitoring and comparison with the “threshold” values, which are objectively required for assessing the level of economic security of meso-formations. It is suggested to include relative, tempo-based indicators in the list. Their application is oriented towards determination of changes in the quantity and quality of human resources and the predisposition of the territorial-economic complex to strengthening (weakening) the destructive socioeconomic processes.

Keywords: human potential, regional economy, individual needs, macro- and microsubjects, borderline-dangerous states, economic security, assessment, indicators, thresholds, ranking

Abstract: This research is based on the materials of the fifth wave of the cross-national sociological project “European Values Study”. The conceptual framework consists in the theory of a complex threat, describing the key components of the perceived threat that lead to prejudice between social groups. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the perception of migration by native population as a potential threat to the security of the accepting society. Special attention is paid to the description of current migration situation in Europe. The article reviews the realistic and symbolic threats of migration through the prism of public opinion of the native population. It is stated that the European countries significantly differ depending on perception of migration threats by the native population. The author notes that population of the countries with developed economy mostly do not feel competition with the migrants on the job market. A conclusion is made that in the conditions of Russia’s unstable national economy and pressure of sanctions, the migrants seem to Russians as a serious threat on the job market. It is evident that in the European countries the migrants are largely perceived as a source of criminality. The research determines the factors affecting rejection of migrants in modern Russia. The author offers the typology of European countries based on peculiarities of perception of migration threats by the native population.

Keywords: illegal migration, threats of migration, attitude towards migrants, migration crisis, immigrants, migrants, migration, migration processes, security, cross-country studies

Abstract: The goal of this research is a review of the complex indicative systems and indicators used in the European Union, which allow giving a multi-criteria assessment to social justice, in the interests of adaptation of positive European experience in Russia. The information base of this research consists of the data from the European Commission on EU social indicators, materials on social integration monitoring in Europe, and Bertelsmann independent foundation of private law on components of social justice indicator; data of two-year report of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development “Society at a Glance”. To achieve the set goals, the work employs the following general scientific methods of research: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison. The authors conduct comparative analysis on the most complex system of social indicators used in the European practice; determine their benefits and flaws, as well as the methodological problems of application in the conditions of the current system of statistics in Russia. A proposal is made to adapt and use the methodology of calculating multi-criteria social justice indicator in Russian practice.

Keywords: social index, social exclusion, non-monetary poverty, poverty, social inclusion, socio-economic policy, socio-economic inequality, social justice index, deprivation, services access

Abstract: The goal of this work is to research the mechanisms, forms and principles of implementation of youth policy in the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is implementation of youth policy in the Russian Federation. As key components, the author meticulously examines the problems of normative support of state youth policy in Russia and practical aspects of implementation of its priority vectors. Research is conducted on the example of specific subject – the Primorsk region, which currently has a special role in the socioeconomic, innovation and investment development of the country. Main conclusions consists in the following: current conditions of absence of unified concept aggregate for youth policy exerts negative impact of the choice of organizational and financial mechanisms in implementation of youth policy, which is the reason for formulation of original understanding of the definition of “youth policy”. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the reasonableness of development and modernization of infrastructural objects of youth policy, and importance of educated prioritization of the key vectors of implementation of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation. The results of this research can present scientific and practical value, be used in the work of the branches of government in researching the problem of implementation of state youth policy and development of specific campaigns for improvement of mechanisms of its realization.

Keywords: youth participation, civil society, youth parliamentarism, the youth, political activity, youth policy, state, legal education, youth association, human capital

Abstract: Due to spread of telecommunication networks and multifold increase in the sources of information over the last decades of the XX century, emerges a phenomenon of cognitive censorship, based not on limitation of information, but prevention of people’s ability to adequately perceive this information and correctly analyze it. Success in exercising cognitive political censorship depends on many factors, and one of the main ones is control of the media (information) field. This article explores how separate episodes within the framework of presidential race campaign in Ukraine were subjected to censorship. The research examines two eye-catching events of the presidential race in Ukraine, one of which can be viewed as a phenomenon of cognitive political censorship: expected event – candidate debates right before the second tour of election completely capture the audiences’ attention and there is no predicted sensational reaction to details of the functionality of Zelensky camp. Cognitive censorship is used in conjunction with manipulations – shift of attention, as well as feed of information from a different angle for the purposes of distortion, diminishing of its importance, promotion of alternative points of view and others.

Keywords: P. Poroshenko, Election of the President of Ukraine, Ukraine, cognitive political censorship, political censorship, Censorship, V. Zelensky, manipulation of public opinion, propaganda, disinformation

Abstract: The main idea of the development of the Russian financial market has always been the attraction of foreign investor into the Russian economy. However, in the conditions of rigid political confrontation and external financial constraints the problem of the development of financing mechanisms necessary for attracting investments into the economy becomes extremely acute. Therefore, the intensification of attention of the government authorities towards creation of the domestic investor is fairly justified. The subject of this research is the financial mechanisms and instruments for private investors that allow diversifying the citizens’ sources of income, while the goal lies in analyzing the investors’ protection system at the Russian financial market and determining whether the configuration of this system meets the current requirements from the perspective of ensuring economic security of the citizens. The main conclusion consists in the fact that the systemic approach to improving the protection mechanism of private investor leads to multiplication of domestic investors at the Russian securities market, including the Russian regions. The scientific novelty is defined by substantiation of the need for expanding the range of financial instruments for private investors through implementation of the product with various characteristic for increasing the accessibility of investment instruments for different categories of the Russian citizens.

Keywords: compensation funds, Federal loan bonds, individual investment accounts, financial instruments, investment mechanisms, private investor, financial market, economic security, state guarantees, client's investment profile

Abstract: The subject of this article is the analysis of perception of civic images in representations of the population of Russian boundary regions based on examination of the images of the “other”, which reflect the social attitudes towards civic positions. The object of this research is the civic images. Special attention is given to the existence of the constant set of constructs that serve all elements for estimating the profiles of civic role positions, including the solidarity, lawfulness, affective comprehension of the country’s past and present, relation to the military duty. The study based on general methodology of experimental psychosemantics. Method of the research is the structuring of semantic spaces. Based on the modified techniques of semantic differential and repertory grids, the authors present and test the questionnaire that contains the five objects for estimating the civic identity: “I am a citizen”, “Ideal citizen”, “ordinary citizen of Russia”, “regional inhabitant”, and “citizen of the world” (cosmopolite). It is determined that the role positions “I am a citizen” and “Ideal citizen” were estimated as fairly  similar and containing similar constructs; the image of “ordinary citizen of Russia” is vague and undetermined, same as the “regional inhabitant”; the image of “Cosmopolite” was described quite different from the others. It is concluded that between the certain groups of role positions and descriptors there are substantial interconnections that testify to the existence of latent variables (factors), which explain the perception of civic roles and manifesting as the conceptual determinants of civic identification. Also, none of the independent factors, separately or combined, did not have a significant impact upon the estimation of the role positions.

Keywords: mental representations, civic images, civic identity, psychosemantic experiment, image of the other, psychosemantic models, social perception, role positions, representations of population, boundary region

Abstract: The subject of this study is the peculiarities of formation of myths about security by the student youth, viewed as the subjects of political consciousness. Its goal consists in the establishment of conceptual structures of formation of the myths about security taking into account the established political views among the student youth. The work is conducted on the intersection of the problematic of political psychology and psychology of human security, as well as leaning on the methodology of psychological science, is focused on the examination of the previously irrelevant phenomenology of security as a substantial layer of the political consciousness of student safety. The study was performed using a complex of theoretical (analysis of the source base, systematization, typology, classification) and empirical (analysis of text, expert evaluation) methods. The methodological basis is the set of scientific approaches (humanistic, axiological) and principles (determinism, communication and awareness activities, security). The main conclusion implies the fact that the student youth have the structures of political consciousness, which manifest in the reflection of the phenomena of safety. Its results lie in the identification of the vectors of subjective reflection of security, strategies of formation of the myths about security, classification of values of security within the political consciousness of student youth. The scientific novelty of consists in examination of the myths about security in the structure of the students’ political consciousness using the methods of psychological science. The article contains the empirical material and generalizations, which allow adjusting the work with students with regards to safety issues and increase of their political activity.

Keywords: value, student youth, psyche, political consciousness, politics, myth, security, perception, society, subject

Abstract: The subject of this research is the problem of persecutions of the human rights advocates in the Baltic States. The object of this research is the strategies of national security in the Baltic States examined through the prism of ethnic nationalism, where the persecutions manifest as the tool of their realization. The presented work is the first in academic literature to study the impact of ethnic nationalism upon the social and state development and understanding of security, as well as suggests as an evident example a yet insufficiently studied problem of persecution of the human rights supporters. Thus, the article reviews such topics, as the strategies of national security in the context of the Baltic countries’ policy of ethnic nationalism, questions of sovereignty, and international law within the framework of supporting the human rights advocates. Examination of these aspects allows answering the relevant question – why it is not possible to establish the status quo in social and state development of the Baltic countries. The research leans on the institutional method, taking into account the analysis of legal norms and work of the corresponding institutions that ensure implementation of the national security strategies in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that ethnic nationalism is presented ad a structural element of national security strategies in the Baltic States. In addition to that, the author is first to raise a question about the methods of realization of national security strategies, which are reflected in the persecutions of human rights advocates. The article also examines the regional level (Baltic countries) in the more extensive geopolitical context, which allows binding together the tasks and strategies proposed by Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania with the task that the acting geopolitical determinants are faced with.

Keywords: buffer zone, human rights law, institutions of state security, ethnic nationalism, ethnocentrism, national security, persecutions, sovereignty, Russophobia, titular nation

Abstract: The subject of this article is the attraction of citizens and their associations to participate in provision of national security of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the nature of the current military threats and dangers, especially their occurrence and distribution in the observed geopolitical situation, as well as specificity of activity of the terrorist organizations in the information space. The work presents the experience of foreign countries in attraction of institutions of civil society towards participation in insurance of the information security of the country, which may be relevant in daily activities or during the electoral period. The article establishes the basic direction in participation of civil society in ensuring the information security of the Russian Federation in the information-psychological sphere, as well as expresses proposals regarding the promising fields in the work of public organizations of patriotic or other social and political orientation. The author reveals the concept, content and forms of e-democracy as the countermeasures for the information threats to the country, as well as gives characteristics to the role of public control in this regard.  

Keywords: E-democracy, Public control, Elections, Social conflict, Terrorism, Extremism, Threat, Civil society, Participation, National security

Abstract: The object of this research is the victims of terrorism, while the subject is the classification of the victims of terrorism. The authors rejects the confined criminological interpretation of the notion of “victims of terrorism”, as well as the corresponding attempts of their typologization and classification. The term “victims of terrorism” is examined considering the semiotic and etymological nuances of its conceptual content. Due to the complexity of the notion of “terrorism” itself, in classification of the victims of terrorism, the author gives particular attention to the terrifying factor of the influence of terrorism as the crucial in determination of peculiarities of the victims of terrorism. The scientific novelty consists in the author’s attempt to suggest the original classification of the victims of terrorism. In the proposed classification, the author highlights such imperative systemic aspects as the “victims of terrorism”, “victims the terrorist acts”, “victims of terrorist propaganda”, and “victims of terrorophobia a”, as well as gives their general characteristics. The article formulates the original hypothesis of establishment of the “Stockholm syndrome” under the influence of the families and relatives of the terrorist acts.

Keywords: structural-functional analysis, power of terror, victims of terrorist acts, terrorophobia, terror, classification, victims of terrorism, Victimology, terrorist propaganda, interdisciplinary approach

Abstract:   The subject of this research is the various forms of citizen participation in ensuring national security and defense. Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches towards determination of the forms of citizen participation in government administration, the article defines the historically substantiated and codified in the current Russian legislation main forms of citizen participation in defense of the country. Based on the characteristics of the modern military threats, the author detects the need for expansion of the forms of citizen participation in ensuring national security. The article establishes the unity of the forms of citizen participation in ensuring national security, presents their classification, as well as gives special attention to the demarcation of citizen participation that may or may not suppose inclusion into the ranks of a military organization in accordance with method of legal regulation of the corresponding public relations, legal status of citizens as the subject of legal relations and the character of mutual activity of the citizens and the authorized government bodies.  

Keywords: Participation, Defense, Security, Threat, Classification, Method of legal regulation, State military establishment, Interaction, Cooperation, Contribution

Abstract: Abstract: Problem of influence of the self-relation on personal representations of Other as Enemy is touched by us in this article. Research goal was the comparative analysis of psychosocial characteristics of the representations about an Enemy of persons with different characteristics of the self-relation and of the self-efficacy. Psychosocial characteristics of the personal representations about an Enemy, the personal self-relation parameters (intensity of the self-esteem, of the self-sympathy, of the waiting of the Others' positive relation, of the self-interest) and levels of the self-efficacy were the research subject. We applied qualitative and quantitative methods: tests, categorical analysis of representations, statistics (frequencies, cluster analysis, nonparametric test). The results of the study prove that: respondents, perceiving the Enemy as aggressor, manipulator, demonstrate the low levels of the self-efficacy, of the self-interest, of the self-sympathy, of the self-esteem, of the waiting of the Others'relation; respondents, perceiving the Enemy as the subject with alien cognitions and values, demonstrate the upper levels of the self-efficacy, of the self-interest, of the self-sympathy, of the self-esteem, of the waiting of the Others' positive relation. Data supported the hypothesis about the distinctions of personal representations of Enemy depending upon characteristics of the self-relation and of the self-efficacy. The results can be applied to the psychosocial consultation, to the programs of the tolerance’ trainings in the antiterrorist activity.

Keywords: self-efficacy, self-interest, relations system, self-sympathy, self-esteem, self-relation, Enemy, representations, Other, representations about an Enemy

Abstract: The subject of this research is the organizational and economic ways of providing population with affordable and safe food. The author gives a detailed review to such issues as food manufacturing, structuring and distribution of food resources, and public food consumption. A special attention is given to the assessment of effectiveness of the actions of branches of executive government at a regional level, including solving the issues of providing the population with affordable and safe food, as well as determination of new strategies and measures to solve the problem of food safety. The author develops a forecast of the demand of the population of Irkutsk Oblast for 11 types of food products in accordance with the rational norms of its consumption for the period of 2016-2020, and proposes a model of forecast-based provision of the population with the main types of food with consideration of human medical (physiological) requirements for energy and nutrition.

Keywords: agricultural complex, strategy, state, safety, modeling, forcast, region, economy, population, food

Abstract: The subject of this research is the insurance of the safety of the funds of individuals and businesses in the Russian banks. The object of this research is the systems of Deposit Insurance Agency of Russia as a federal guarantee of the safety of the deposits. The goal of this work is to conduct the analysis of the system of insuring investments in the Russian Federation under the current circumstances, determining the problems and prospects of its development, and thus proposing a number of legislative initiatives in order to achieve them. The author provides a detailed review of such aspects as determination of the intricacies of the system of insuring financial investments in the Russian Federation, and analytical overview of the experience of federal deposit insurance in the foreign countries. A special attention is given to the ongoing crisis situation within the banking industry and the possible ramifications.

Keywords: deposit insurance system, business, individual, insurance, bank, guarantee, deposit, Bank investment, insured investment, mandatory insurance

Abstract: This article presents the results of an empirical psychological research conducted on 314 residents of the Smolensk region (including youth), who regard themselves as of Russian descent and state that they have no experience of participation in extremist organizations. The subject of this research is the social perception of the youth on extremism. The theoretical basis for this research consisted in the works of Russian and foreign psychologists that are aimed at studying the social and personal perceptions. The results of the conducted empirical research reveal the peculiarities of the social perceptions of young people of the Smolensk region on extremism, its manifestations and functions, as well as the attitude of the youth towards the extremist activity in the country. The acquired data confirms the relevance and importance of conducting further socio-psychological research concerning this issue. The results can be used to develop programs and specific educational events in order to prevent extremism among youth.

Keywords: social perceptions, youth, perception on extremism, extremist organization, act of extremism, function of extremism, attitude towards extremists, extremist self-identity, content analysis, prevention of extremism

Abstract: As a result of the adaptation to the new social and economic conditions all of the members of the society undergo changes in their value orientations and motives, inevitably causing tensions in the society. The combination of tensions of social, mental, and social – psychological character, which in some conditions may lead to the conflicts in the society, may be united within the framework of the social conflictogenity of the society. In the conditions of prevention of conflict escalation it is important to monitor the level of social conflictogenity and to reveal the causes facilitating the growth of social tension in the society. The method for the diagnostics of the social conflictogenity allows to define the dynamics of the generalizing markers, characterizing the level of social conflictogenity in the state or in a region, uncovering the causes of growing social tension in the society. Aprobation of this method based upon the Russian materials shows its applicability for the social conflictogenity monitoring in a country or in a state.

Keywords: social studies, conflictogenity in a society, social conflictogenity, diagnostics, level of conflictogenity, markers of conflictogenity level, methods for the diagnostics, objective characteristics of conflictogenity, objectivesubjective characteristics of conflictogenity, subjective characteristics of conflictogenity.

Abstract: Based upon the analysis of the legal positions of the Constituional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, provisions of international and national legislative acts in the sphere of health protection the author substantiates the necessity to recognize the need for recognition of danger of health in the course of implementing medical activities, defining the main sources of increased danger, which are currently in use. The said problem became especially important in the modern situation of globalization, when any threat is planetary, and also since in any stage of provision of medical aid there are “critical points” for individual security: in the course of use of medical machinery, in the course of use of medications, in the course of implementation of new medical technologies, etc. The methodological basis for the article was formed with the general scientific method (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systemic method), specific scientific methods (comparative method), logical and formal legal methods of scientific studies. The provisions and conclusion presented in this article show the importance of resolving the security problem in the sphere of health protection, since its importance shall be ever-growing in the course of further development of medical science and pharmaceutical industry, first of all, due to raising amount of innovations in the medical sphere. That is why, it is necessary to guarantee security of persons based upon lowering the risk of harm to health in the course of medical activity involving the harmful objects, which, in turn, shall facilitate implementation of the constitutional right for the protection of health.

Keywords: constitutional law, medical aid, medical activity, globalization, sphere of health protection, sources of increased danger, harm to health, medical technologies, security, medications.

Abstract: The article concerns specific features of ethnical identity as a factor for accepting discriminatory attitude toward ethnic-cultural groups with differing appearance. It is supposed that specific features of ethnical identity may serve as prerequisites for the manifestation of various components of discriminatory attitude towards other ethnical groups. The author provides results of the comparative analysis of manifestation of hypo- and hyper-identity, ethniccentrism of Russians and Armenians, the degree of acceptance of discriminatory attitudes towards ethnic-cultural groups by Russians and Armenians, as well as the results of interrelation between accepting a discriminatory attitude towards ethnical characteristics of participants of the study. The method “accepting discriminatory attitude towards representatives of ethnic-cultural groups with differing type of appearance” (V.A. Labunskaya, A.A. Bzezyan, 2013) was applied in order to define the degree of acceptance of discriminatory attitude expressed in actions towards representatives of various ethnic-cultural groups with different types of appearance “Slavic appearance”, “Caucasian appearance”, “Asian appearance”. The method of “Types of ethnical identity” (G.U. Soldatova, S.V. Ryzhova, 1994) was applied in order to study the manifestations of various types of ethnical identity (including characteristics: positive/ negative, defined/undefined, value), expressions of hyper-identity, which in the opinion of the authors of the method causes greater destructive character of the relations among different ethnic groups and discrimination. The method of “Evaluation of the level of ethno-centrism”, as developed by J.W. Neuliep and J.C. MacCroskey (J.W. Neuliep, J.C. MacCroskey. 1997) and adapted by O.I. Matiash and others (Matiash, O.I., 2011) was applied in order to study expressions of ethnic centrism and specific features of respondents’ attitude towards their own and other cultures. In order to establish the differences between the Russians and the Armenians in the expressions of ethno-centrism, manifestations of ethnical identity and acceptance of discriminatory attitude toward ethnic-cultural groups with differing appearance the author used the Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. In order to establish the relation between the ethnical identity, expressed ethno-centrism and discriminatory attitude toward ethnic-cultural groups with differing appearance the author used correlation analysis by Spearman. Unlike the existing social psychology works, this study concerns discriminatory attitude towards ethnic cultural groups marked by types of appearance provided for in the anthropological literature and often used by the mass media and in the everyday behavior. It is shown that accepting discriminatory attitude towards ethnic and cultural groups is correlated to the manifestation of ethno-centrism, types of ethnic identity, and it differs as a result of influence of ethnical characteristics of the discrimination subjects; manifestation of behavior component of discriminatory attitude towards other ethno-cultural group is due to the specific features of ethnical identity of Russians and Armenians.

Keywords: ethnical identity, ethno-centrism, discriminatory attitude, ethno-cultural group, hypo-identity, hyperidentity, type of appearance, Slavic appearance, Caucasian appearance, Asian appearance.

Abstract: The object of study in this article is extremism as social and psychological phenomenon. The goal of the article is to provide theoretical analysis of social and psychological nature of extremism, as well as establishing the definition of extremism from the standpoint of social-psychological approach. The authors single out a complex of psychological causes, serving as the basis for extremism and being psychological determining factors for the formation of extremist conscience and behavior of a person (pronounced extremity of a person in combination with moral nihilism, lack of basic trust to the world, xenophobia and aggression), they provide their own definition of extremism. The methodological basis for the studies includes complex and systemic approaches, which are presented in Russian psychological studies. Extremism as a social and psychological matter is regarded within the framework of studying psychology of evil and violence, and it is included into the problem field of the psychological security as a novel scientific direction in the Russian psychological studies. The methods of studies include theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization. According to the definition given by the authors extremism as a social and psychological matter manifesting itself at the level of person as a subject of social relation is a type of violence, aimed purposeful aggressive behavior of a person (expressed by language or acts) towards another person or social group, which is related to the violation of the basic trust to the world and motivated by the personal superiority ideology, intolerance and xenophobia towards the object of violence. The formulated definition shows the possibilities and directions for the further empiric studies in the sphere of extremism psychology, and its results are important from the standpoint of efficient organization of psychological prophylactics and psychological correction of extremist manifestations in various age and social groups.

Keywords: extremism, social and psychological approach, violence, extremist ideology, extremity, moral nihilism, basic sense of trust, hostility, xenophobia, aggression.

Abstract: This article includes analysis of the phenomenon of informal social interactions in the sphere of remuneration for work. In the post-Soviet period this phenomenon became wide-spread, but it roots itself in the Soviet period. The labor sphere is regarded as a social area formed by the interactions of employee and employer. The conclusion is made that informal social interactions in the sphere of remuneration for work have transformed from the social practices into the social institution. However, this is an informal institution, and it is alternative, since it was formed within the legal structures. On one hand, the “shadow” payment for work allows to achieve certain goals, guaranteeing the existence of the institution, on the other hand, such a form of payment has considerable negative consequences. The necessary condition for managing this process is information influence, that is monitoring of scale and dynamics of the shadow processes in the sphere of wages.

Keywords: wages, social practices, social instit ution, social interactions, infor mal institution, taxation, income, shadow, gray, envelopes.

Abstract: In this article it is stated that the reforms in the sphere of regulation of social and labor relations in the modern Russia pay no attention to prevention and prophylactics of mobbing — moral persecution of workers in their workplace in the process of performing their professional duties. It is partially due to the fact that in Russia the problem of active persecution of a working persons is hardly discussed, and the issues of improvement of labor legislation for centralized prevention of mobbing has no theoretical basis. That is why there is no legislative definition of mobbing and neither the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, nor any other federal laws in the sphere of social labor relations contain any definition of mobbing or similar term, while protection of personal non-proprietary rights of workers is achieved via means of different branches of law, such as civil law. However, non-proprietary benefits and rights of workers cannot find complete protection within the framework of regulation of civil law. That is why, the Russian labor law should include special means of protection of non-proprietary rights of workers, requiring a unified state policy in the sphere of protection of dignity and guarantees of personal labor rights of workers. At the same time, the measures against “mobbing” and for the protection of psychological health of workers in the process of their working activities should be legislatively provided for both at the centralized and the local level.

Keywords: psychological security of workers, labor legislation, moral persecution, personal non-proprietary rights, civil law, mobbing, selfdefense, labor law, improvement, compensation of moral damage.

Abstract: The article concerns the phenomenon of ethnical discrimination based on appearance. The author provides theoretical and experimental works of foreign researchers concerning the lookism problem on one hand, and on the other hand its reflection in inter-ethnic groups. In its classic form lookism is discrimination of beautiful/non-beautiful people, however, in this case lookism is understood as discrimination of persons with certain appearance. The author takes into account the role of skin color and physiognomic specificities for the categorization pu r poses of “other” and expressions of discriminatory attitude. The author raises the issue of lack of studies of this topic in the modern Russia, noting that the problem of discrimination of ethnical groups is usually regarded from the standpoint of jurisprudence and social studies, while it is hardly viewed from the standpoints of ethno-lookism and specific features of categorization of others based on their appearance, and their ethnical specificities in particular. The author also noted topicality of this problem and the need for a more detailed study of the role of appearance in the categorization and discrimination processes (ethno-lookism).

Keywords: lookism, ethnic discrimination, discrimination, ethnic lookism, skin color, physiognomic characteristics, appearance, immigration, the person of Transcaucasian nationality, expression of attitude.

Abstract: The author brings to the attention of the readers the obvous lack of due evaluation of the social, economic, cultural and ethnical problems of the Russian people. The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes for the actualization of the Russian ethnos as a basis for the state-formation in the modern social and political system, as well as to the development of relations among the nations in the Russian Federation with some critical points. The author offers specific steps to be taken in order to sustain the peaceful relations among the peoples and social stability in Russia.

Keywords: political science, ethnos, people, nation, Russian state, Russian civilization, national history, ethnical disinterestedness, migration, ethnic tension.

Abstract: The author discusses the possibilities and limits for the use of experience of a number of the leading countries of the world in the policy of formation and development of metropolitan cities for the Russia. The assessment is given to some directions of this policy allowing to allocate its strengths and weaknesses.

Keywords: megalopolises, metropolitan city, state policy, transport problems, urbanization.

Abstract: The article includes the stage-by-stage analysis of the infl uence of ecological harm onto the cost of immovable property. The analysis includes correlation of ecological factors with the cost of commercial realty and housing in Moscow, using a number of classic econometric instruments for the regression analysis, such as coeffi cient of determination, F-criterion (of Fisher), t-criterion (of Student), correlation coeffi cients (of Spearman and Pearson). With the help of regression analysis the author comes to a conclusion that there is a statistical dependency between the costs of certain types of immovable property and pollution of soil.

Keywords: economics, environmental harm, analysis of infl uence of environmental harm, evaluation of immovable property, taking into account the infl uence of environmental harm, environmental factors, econometric analysis, environmental situation, waste, determination coeffi cient.

Abstract: The modern civil society is a confl ict-dangerous social apparatus, which includes collisions of various interest, and these collisions may be capped by various means of protection of one type of interests from contradicting interests. The attempts of the state to fi nd conceptual grounds for the strategy of protection of vital interests and to introduce it face the diffi culties, which are related to the society itself. The society with private property includes opposing interests, and their clash inevitably leads to the clash between danger and security. As a result of the confl ict of interests the parties, for whom the relation is secure and dangerous fi nd compromise and temporary agreement, on what to consider secure or dangerous. The confl ict as means of achievement of security of one group and danger for another group is measure of danger, compromise is a measure of security.

Keywords: political science, opposing, interests, relations, society, individual, confl ict, compromise, security, management, government.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the relations among most democratic states in the sphere of implementation of human rights standards. The author views the processes of formation, development and implementation of international standards in the sphere of human rights into the national legislation of the states, the author defi nes the international law of human rights, its place in the sphere of cooperation among the states both at the time of peace and at the time of armed confl ict. The author analyzes such problems as “double standards”. The author offers for implementation a novel approach, which provides for elimination of political profi t of the states from the sphere of human rights, and for attempts to existing international standards more effi cient. The author shows the need to support the supremacy of law, and to fi nd a reasonable balance between law and politics.

Keywords: international law, security, human rights, double standards, depolitization, politics, law, international cooperation, humanitarian law, armed confl icts.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the correlation of two components of national security – spiritual and social security of individual and society. The key issue is the problem of alienation of a person in the face of social threats. At the same time the spiritual life of an individual should facilitate the guarantees of social and spiritual security of individual and society as a whole.

Keywords: sociology, security, tendency, strategies, society, spirituality, doctrine, society, world, civilization.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the dynamics of the attitude to work among the heads of industrial enterprise at the time of economical crisis based on the comparison of the results of two studies. The fi rst study was held in December 2008 before the crisis, and the second one was held in December 2009 during the crisis. As a result of these studies the author gained the results on the structure of attitude to work among the heads of enterprises, and established two types of attitude, as well as the more effi cient type of attitude to work at the time of economic crisis.

Keywords: psychology, attitude to work, values, motivation, satisfaction with the work, labor activity, heads of fi rms, global economic crisis, industrial enterprise, attitude to work.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of narcotization of the young people in the Russian provinces from the position of a real threat to national security of the modern Russia. The author provides the results of the monitoring, which was held in 2007 – 2010 in Stavropol, evaluating the narco-situation among the students. The author points out the need to establish the efficient system to prevent drug, tobacco and alcohol addictions among the young people at the municipal level.

Keywords: social science, drug addiction, youth, narcotization, security, monitoring, narco-situation, motivation, prevention, policy

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of definition of civil self-consciences, as an independent psychological phenomenon, the author establishes the functions of civil self-conscience, as well as some mechanisms of civil self-conscience.

Keywords: psychology, person, professionalism, competency, activity, self-conscience, citizen, phenomenon, mechanism, formation

Abstract: The article is devoted to the key issues of protection of human rights and freedoms in the framework of constitutional requirements. The author points out the key role of state power and the need to improve the activity of the citizens.

Keywords: political science, rights, freedoms, mechanism, state, power, guarantees, security, protection

Abstract: The article provides analysis of some approaches to the term “security of an individual”, as used of various spheres of knowledge, attempts to provide grounds for security of a person from the standpoint of activity approach. The author shows the need to systematize the existing information in the sphere of theory of security of individuals.

Keywords: economics, security, person, protection, condition, component, doctrine, person, potential, health

Abstract: The article includes the tendency for less severe criticism towards those in favor of milder control over drugs, as it is shown in some UN documents, taking one of the publications in leading French newspaper as an example of information technologies influencing the mindset of the people.

Keywords: social studies, drug control, legalization of drugs, UNODC, suggestive influence on mindset, manipulation of mindset, euphemism, expert opinion, social polls, inter-textuality

Abstract: The article analyzes the tendency for less severe criticism towards the idea of non-controlled drugs, as shown in a number of UN documents, taking one article in a leading French newspaper, as an example showing the how information technologies infl uence the minds of readers.

Keywords: sociology, drugs control, legalize drugs, UNODC, suggestive infl uence on thinking, manipulation, euphemism, expert opinion, social polls, intertextuality.

Abstract: Security of an individual is a totality and product of connections and relations among the individuals, where their material and spiritual living conditions do not call for the necessity of protection. The protection itself is a consequence of inner needs and interests of individuals in such a way of cooperation and interaction, where their growing needs can be satisfi ed without obstacles. That is why, security is an ideal, a perspective, which can hardly be achieved in the modern circumstances. However, this ideal construction shows us the way, which the individuals shall follow, when they wish to leave the protection of state behind and reach for this idea.

Keywords: political science, person, security, conditions, life, relations, protection, interests, needs, state

Abstract: The article describes the connection between the main elements and indications of social well-being and social security as a certain policy held by the state and state institutions. According to the author, in such an interaction values and other normative standards come first since they influence both the acquirement of social well-being and formation of social security policy.

Keywords: social studies, security, well-being, life-sustaining activity, innovations, potentials, values, norms, being, consolidation

Abstract: This article is devoted to some aspects of legal regulation of protection of housing rights of military personnel, serving on contract within the federal security system, mainly, by singling out the protection of housing rights, the author establishes stages and subjects of legal regulation of housing rights. Keywords: military, security, housing, law, protection, regulation, subjects, mechanism, military staff

Abstract: This article is devoted to analysis of tendencies and the need for legislative amendments in the sphere of health protection in the Russian Federation, as well as the issues of responsibility for the offences by medical personnel, and the problems, regarding material responsibility for the harm, which was caused due to bad quality medical service. Keywords: jurisprudence, medical mistake, quality of medical service, criminal responsibility of a doctor, disciplinary responsibility, material compensation of harm, obligatory insurance of responsibility of a doctor, Code of Professional Ethics of Medical Worker, unified medical system of Russia