Abstract: The successful implementation of the Minsk Protocol has been impugned from the moment of its signing due to ambiguous interpretations of its nature and intentions. The main issues pertain to understanding of the conflict in the Southeast of Ukraine as an intergovernmental, internationalized or domestic political one, the legitimacy and status of the parties to agreement, as well as the role of the international community in settlement of the conflict. The indicated contradictions are also reflected in the difference of approaches towards definition of the conceptual apparatus, as well as its interpretation. The problem at hand goes beyond the scope of political science or legal analysis, and requires comprehensive examination based on the variety of theoretical and methodological approaches. The author agrees with the characterization of conflict in the Southeast of Ukraine as a formalized political unsettled situation. From the political and legal perspectives, the agreements on halting the war demonstrate typical examples of challenges and problems that emerge during negotiations and implementation of the internationalized peace treaties of the post-Cold War period. The refusal of one of the parties, usually the country which territorial integrity is disputed by the non-state party, to meet the other party in the course of peace negotiations is a typical complication of the negotiation processes. Direct negotiations, i.e. meetings where the parties to negotiation make eye contact, can be interpreted as the acts of implicit recognition of non-state parties, their representatives, as well as respective claims. Such different perspective on the mandate, accountability, responsibility, and the status of “direct” and “third” parties in course of negotiation and implementation of peace treaties are typical contradictions. Throughout the entire period of elaboration, signing, and implementation of the agreements, the clash of interests virtually shifted towards the interpretation of terminology.

Keywords: parties to the conflict, Normandy format, Trilateral contact group, Implementation, formalized political unsettlement, Minsk agreements, civil conflict, international law, Russia, Ukraine

Abstract: The subject of this research is the provisions of the Russian and international legislation on combating maritime piracy at different times, as well as statistical data on the number of pirate attacks over the period from 2013 to 2018. The object of this research is the social relations emerging in the context of regulation of the use of naval military forces for counteracting maritime piracy. The authors analyze the evolution of legislation on combating piracy, address the questions of terminology, as well as examine the effectiveness of using naval military forces for this purpose. Special attention is turned to the difficulties of legal regulation, international cooperation, and practical implementation of the aforementioned measures. The research results reveal the problems faced by the states in using naval military forced, namely the solution of legal issues with regards to military presence in the territory of another state and joint patrol of high-risk piracy zones of the sea. The analysis was conducted on the key provisions of the conventions, treaties and other acts, including resolutions of the United Nations Security Council. The considered in the article normative acts allow use of naval military forces in the high-risk zones of the sea, as well as involvement of forces from other countries. The research results underline the effectiveness of the use of naval military forces for combating piracy, as well as the prospect for future cooperation in this field.

Keywords: international cooperation, maritime security, patrols, naval forces, struggle, seizure, maritime piracy, resolutions, international conventions, UN Security Council

Abstract: The object of this research is the “hybrid” methods of confrontation, while the subjects is the structure of “hybrid” confrontation and its transformation over time. The author examines the key components of “hybrid” actions, as well as using the analysis of historical experience, concludes that such approaches have deep historical roots. The examples of such actions, as demonstrated by the historical analysis, can be found in wars of the XVI-XVII centuries. It is noteworthy that the leaders, in their practical implication, were the counties of Anglo-Saxon Alliance. Systemic approach alongside the methods of decomposition and comparative analysis allowed considering the questions of organization of the “hybrid” (in other terminology of “nontraditional” or “diffuse”) warfare. Based on the analysis of experience acquired in waging war and armed conflicts, the conclusion is made that the threat of “hybrid” actions is extremely relevant, both currently and in the foreseeable future. The author underlines the need or ensuring Russia’s readiness to defuse such treats, as well as describes the possible approaches towards implementation of countermeasures.

Keywords: prospects of hybrid confrontation, influence of hybrid actions, hybrid war content, interstate confrontation, hybrid wars, historical retrospective, features of modern warfare, modern military operations, anti-hybrid action, international security

Abstract: The object of this research is the Latin American drug cartels. The subject of this research is the use of drug cartels as one of the instrument for dismantling the political regimes in modern system-network war. The author analyzes the structure, capabilities and specificity of drug cartels as the organizations that can manifest as the prime means in deconstruction of the states on the example of hypothetical scenario of external aggression against Venezuela and its political leadership. Special attention in given to cooperation between the American intelligence structures with the drug cartels that can be used for achieving geopolitical goals. In the course of this study the author applies the scientific methods for comprehensive analysis of the structure and capabilities of drug cartels and factors that substantiate their use in modern warfare; as well as conducts a comparative analysis of the data from organizations and Islamist terrorist networks. The work also leans on the most recent research of the phenomenon of wars, national and foreign scientific materials, analytical reports of the official organizations pertaining to drug business and international terrorism. The main conclusion lies in the statement that the drug cartels have necessary features for using them as the main striking force, but the presence of contradictions between them is the key vulnerability in such approach. The author’s special contribution contains the recommendations to the Russian political leadership regarding the necessary countermeasures to the indicated threat if it emerges in the zones of Russia’s strategic interests. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first to examine the drug cartels the proxy forces, i.e. the major instrument in modern system-network war.

Keywords: network organizations, proxy forces, cloudy enemy, system-network war, Latin America, drug trafficking, drug cartels, special services, Venezuela, strategies

Abstract: This article examines the topical questions of the Russia-Mongolia collaboration in the context of protection of transboundary waters in the basin of Baikal Lake. The author analyzes the plans for development of hydroelectricity in Mongolia, as well as reveals the peculiarities of the modern system of natural resource management in the international basin of Selenga River. The preliminary forecast of transboundary impact from the Mongolia’s side is conducted. The article substantiates the key direction of ensuring balance between the environmental and economic interests of the parties on the basis of the universally acknowledged procedures of assessing the impact upon environment in the transboundary context. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the theoretical and methodological foundations and practical measures aimed at establishment of the economic and legal base of the mutually beneficial use of the transboundary waters in the basin of Baikal Lake, which allows ensuring balance of the environmental and economic interests of Russia and Mongolia within the framework of the universally accepted system of principles and rules of international collaboration.

Keywords: Russia-Mongolia relations, protection of Baikal Lake, hydroelectricity, international cooperation, transboundary waters, sharing waters, transboundary impact, environmental expertise, environmental security, balance of interests

Abstract: This article is devoted to investigation of the practice of the United States in its foreign policy tools such as the political impact the operation of information-psychological war. The object of this study is the operation of information-psychological war in U.S. foreign policy. Subject of this research is forms, methods and tools of the United States of conducting information-psychological war on the example of conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. In today's world, no conflict takes place without information and psychological support, which in some cases takes on the organizational form of special information operations. In modern international conflicts, information and psychological operations have become an independent tool for the implementation of foreign policy, as demonstrated by the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, associated with direct invasion of the United States into these countries and their allies; as well as events in Libya and in Syria, which received (along with other conflicts in the region) the name "Arab Spring". Specialty of the information and psychological operations, as a tool for the implementation of U.S. foreign policy, is the distribution of powers and responsibilities among several government agencies: the Ministry of Defense, the State Department and the CIA. This approach allows exploring the potential enemy to the fullest extent, as well as maximally efficiently execute the information and psychological operations. However, the absence of a central authority responsible for carrying out information and psychological operations, leads to the fact that the United States has virtually no long-term strategy planning information and psychological operations that often negates the existing tactical successes in the conduct of information warfare, as happened in Iraq and Afghanistan. A large number of the involved agencies and absence of the central body, which is responsible for execution of the information operations, leads to the inefficient analysis of the received information, as well as critical mistakes in their planning and execution. This fact allows claiming that the American experience of waging the information wars is not universal.

Keywords: diplomacy, international relations, U.S. foreign policy, world politics, global information space, political system, international conflicts, state, security, USA

Abstract: This article examines the main staged of formation and development of the Ukrainian nationalistic movement, as well as analyzes its fundamental orientation and impact upon the current Russian-Ukrainian relations in this context. It is demonstrated that the Ukrainian nationalism throughout many years is used as the instrument for separating the civilizational paths of the peoples who reside in the territory of Ukraine and Russia, as well as their contraposition within the cultural-historical overview. Civilizational reorientation of Slavic nation of the neighboring state towards the Western model establishes based on the attempts to cultivate the understanding of the different from Russian national distinctness of the Ukrainians and counterpoise them in the historical-cultural regard. The conclusion is made that Urkainization, as a process of formation of the features of self-identification and specificity of the new nation that is aimed at separation of Ukrainian people from Russian and highlighting a peculiar Ukrainian Slavic ethnos, carries a systematic and artificial character, which is encouraged by the foreign political actors throughout many decades. In addition to that, the interlinked with Nazism aggressive form of Ukrainization, is the key instrument of demarcation of the civilizational paths of Ukraine and Russia. The authors also note that the forceful methods of promoting the nationalistic ideas with the specificities of their interpretations by the Ukrainian politicians, lead to active antagonism of part of the population, which creates the prerequisite for the process of Balkanization of the neighboring state.

Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian relations, Russia, Ukraine, civilizational path, Ukrainian crisis, Ukrainization, nationalism, Ukrainian nationalists, Euromaidan, anti-terrorist operations

Abstract: The subject of this research is the assessment of the effect of international migration of population upon security of the bordering regions of Russia, as well as formulation of the practical recommendations regarding strengthening of national security in the conditions of geopolitical changes that explain the increase of the socio-economic risks in Russia, and the European migration crisis. The relevance of this work is associated with another outburst of migration activity among the population of Asian and North African regions. The author analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indexes of territorial development, as well as level of crime among the migrants, and opportunities of using the work experience of the noncommercial organizations. The research was conducted based on the statistical, economic, and institutional analysis of the current migration processes in Russian regions (on the example of the Northwestern Federal District). The scientific novelty consists in scientific substantiation of the improvement of institutional practices of ensuring socio-economic security of the Russian regions. In the period of intensification of the migration processes at the external borders of Russia, it is suggested to complement the possibilities of the specialized ministries and departments with resources of the noncommercial (public, religious), and other organizations.

Keywords: Federal migration service, Institutions, Terrorism, Crime, Migration crisis, Noncommercial organizations, Republic of Karelia, Regions, National security, Migration

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of possible prerequisites of realization of the scenario of color revolutions in Tajikistan. It is a known fact that today Tajikistan is in the “group of risk” with regards to color revolutions; among the countries of higher priority for the organizers of color revolutions are Kazakhstan, Armenia, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan is in the second echelon. The results of the analysis of the network activity of the opposition groups in Tajikistan allow concluding that currently the country is in the phase of preparation of the “color” government overthrow, in other words, in the phase of realization of the scenario of color revolution, which includes the entire preliminary preparation and is being conducted under conditions of secrecy. There are currently at least two political powers in Tajikistan which can be used as political technologists: the Islamists, whose activity is coordinated by the representatives of the “Islamic State”; and the pro-American oriented “supporters of the European values”, who is against of Tajikistan’s participation in the European integrational projects, the leading role in which is played by Russia. The preventive factor for the color revolution in Tajikistan is the military presence of Russia (the 201st military base) and the membership of Tajikistan in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Collective Security Treaty Organization – the organizations that secure the regional security.  

Keywords: interests, democracy, color revolutions, hybrid war, state, USA, society, politics, values, security

Abstract: Within the framework of this article the author makes an attempt to concentrate on the challenges formed by work migration into Russia in the sphere of ensuring national security. Attention is given to the in-depth processes which center around geopolitics and long-term prospects of economic development. This article examines the external challenges associated with the influence of migration upon the socioeconomic development and political situations of the countries that are donors of workforce for Russia. Among the internal challenges the author explores the influence of the inflow of cheap labor from abroad upon the sustainable economic development within the context of national security. The research presents new approaches towards the analysis of the effect of work migration on the national security of the recipient country (Russian Federation), as well as suggests recommendations on counteraction of the forming by work migration external and internal challenges to the sustainable development and national security of Russia, including measures in both, foreign and domestic policy.

Keywords: workforce, human capital, migration, modernization, geopolitics, economy, national security, work migration, foreign workforce, sustainable development

Abstract: The coming shifts in the regional military balance away from the United States and its allies towards China can lead to a deformation of the American containment policy. The goal of this article, which represents a logical continuation of a number of other works of the author on the problems of regional security in the Asia-Pacific Region, is the analysis of Washington’s main military strategic approaches with regards to the People’s Republic of China and forecast of the development of military political situation upon the mid-term prospects. A number of American experts claim that in an event of a military conflict the United States will have no choice but to dominate the military forces of China and neutralize its ability to restrict and prevent access to separate territories, blocking of certain zones and maneuvers within them (concept A2/AD), using a number of offensive and defensive means, including targeting objects on the territory of China with non-nuclear force. The author comes to the conclusion that American policy-making, headquarters, and expert-analytical structures are conducting a targeted work, aimed at maintaining their influence in the Asia-Pacific region.

Keywords: tactical weapons, strategic potential, international security, regional security, naval operations, military policy, China, Asia-Pacific region, USA, geopolitics

Abstract: The subject of this study, which is written based on the results of the research on the discipline “Phenomenon of terrorism and security of civil society”, consists in determination of the specificity of the Islamic religious terrorism of 1980’s through 2000’s and the causes for its emergence. The article features military-political, economic, and psychological causes of such state, and points out the role of government support of terrorism and spread of the phenomenon. Without a resolution to these problems it is impossible to speak about an effective fight against terrorism, a testimony to which is the current situation in the Near East, where we can see an unfolding lengthy conflict between the secular authorities and the Islamists. A conclusion is made that at the foundation of the terrorist movement of Islamic fundamentalists lies the feeling of hopelessness and vulnerability that was prevalent during that period throughout the population of the region. The article substantiates the fact that the events of the end of 20th century and beginning of 21st century are tightly linked to the events of the recent years: a spike in the activity of the Islamic terrorism throughout the world and geopolitical transformations associated with a series of artificial “color revolutions”.

Keywords: Islam, religious terrorism, Islamic world, Islamic revolution, Near East, personified enemy, third world, fanaticism, state terrorism, separatism

Abstract: The subject of this research is the key moments of the establishment of the state mechanism for international relations and presents the most important aspects of the development of the system of preparation and decision making for the strategic administration of the country with the assessment of the promptness of the solution of the problem of utmost complexity, preemption of the reaction to threat with evaluation of the risk, modeling and forming of scenarios of possible developments of global situation. Under the current conditions of geopolitical instability, the leaders of the branches of government administration of any country are experiencing a great need for improvement of the efficiency of the political decisions with the use of creative potential of the experts in both, hierarchic states, as well as in non-governmental structures. The proposed general classification principles of the establishment of the state foreign policy mechanism and their information, logical and mathematical interpretation, in authors’ opinion allows expanding the current methodological base of the assessment of the condition and development of the system of the government administration on the issues of foreign policy, and contribute to the increase of quality of the forecasting research under the conditions of geopolitical and geoeconomic instability.

Keywords: information warfare, socio-political modeling, state mechanism of foreign policy, foreign policy, geopolitical instability, national security, geopolitics, government administration, strategic matrix, systemic scenario approach

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis and systematization of current scientific knowledge on the nature of color revolutions, from the so-called "Velvet Revolutions" in Eastern Europe, to the latest color revolutions of "Arab Spring", "White Ribbons Revolution" in Russia, "Euromaidan" 2013-2014, in Ukraine and the "Umbrella Revolution" of 2014 in Hong Kong. The author pays particular attention to the examination of the possibilities of repeating the scenario of the color revolution in Russia, analyzing the first attempt of the United States to destabilize the situation in Russia using the protest movement. The author concludes that the risks of the script color revolution in Russia perpetrated by the Western countries continue to grow, especially noticeable on the background of devaluation of the ruble and growing economic crisis. However, the results of this research indicate that the Russian "non-systemic opposition" in principle cannot serve as the ideological and organizational driving force for the color revolution, as by its parameters it does not fit within the basic Anglo-Saxon scheme and does not meet the requirements for the leaders and activists of the modern color revolutions.

Keywords: state, conflict, color revolutions, USA, national security, politics, Russia, interests, values, war

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the research on new calls and threats to the international security in Southeast Asia emerged as a result of systemic political destabilization of the situation in Hong Kong (a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China) in 2014 as a consequence of attempting to foment a color revolution. The author draws the analogies with the development of a political crisis in Ukraine in 2013–2014 and emphasizes a drastically precise conjunction between the two scenarios of the 2014 “revolutions’ in Kiev (Euromaidan) and in Hong Kong (“Yellow Revolution”, which later was named the “Umbrella Revolution”). The methodological foundation of this research consists in the systemic, structural-functional, comparative-political and problematic approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, observation and modeling. The author comes to a conclusion that the recent events in Ukraine and China, which were labeled as color revolutions, are the outcome of using the same technologies of organizing government overthrow and disassembly of the political regimes.

Keywords: national security, foreign policy, color revolutions, Hong Kong, political instability, conflict, Euromaidan, government overthrow, Ukrainian crisis, China.

Abstract: This article reviews the problems of creating a government system of detecting, warning, and liquidating the effects of cyber-attacks on the informational resources of the nation. It presents an analysis of a global legal practice with regards to defense against cyber threats, and the analysis of the solutions to this issue within Russia. The article lists the main stages of execution of attacks on the information systems, and the structure of the system that detects and neutralizes them. It validates the need to establish an effective system of countermeasures to cyber-attacks; underlines the difficulties in the process of its creation; gives an analysis of the current state and possibilities of further developments within Russia’s electronics industry. Based on this research, the article offers and substantiates solutions to this problem, and formulates the key conclusions and recommendations on how to solve it. To address the issues presented, the article offers a method of theoretical analysis of the initial data in various areas of the problem at hand, method of summarizing the gained results, and devising the necessary ways of solving it. The relevance of the problem in question has to do with the constantly escalating antagonism between world’s nations in the cyberspace, and the open entanglement of number of countries into cyber warfare. This article is written in response to the order of Russia’s president to create an effective system of defending the country against threats in the area of information. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the theoretical analysis of all sides of this problem, including analysis of the global cyber law, the state of Russia’s electronic components base, and development in the area of software solutions. Based on the results of this analysis, the authors offer the ways to create the government system of security against cyber threats.

Keywords: Cyber warfare, cyberweapon, cyber-attacks, detecting cyber-attacks, convention, paradigm, vulnerability of information systems, threats to information systems, electronics industry, standard of cyber security.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems regarding disassembly of the political regimes in the modern states (both authoritarian and democratic) and role of the color revolution technologies in this process. The problems of disassembly of political regimes and the related issues of color revolutions in the modern conditions become especially topical nowadays. It is related to more than just the Ukrainian situation, which, if viewed closely, clearly repeats the scenarios of color revolutions in the North Africa and the so-called Arabian Spring in the Middle East, and, more specifically, the revolution in Egypt, showing that these events are not purely accidental. The reason for it is that traditional disassembly instruments of the global community are substituted by the new generation of more sublime instruments, combing forceful methods of influence with the technologies for manipulation of the mass conscience and mass behavior of the large groups of civilian population involved in these pseudo-spontaneous processes.

Keywords: national security, foreign policy, Arabian revolutions, color revolutions, the USA, international conflicts, state, interests, values, the UN.

Abstract: Russia has held to an intermediary position in the decade of conflict around the Iranian nuclear program, attempting to guarantee its interests with both parties: Iran and the West. Contrary to its statement that such a policy is an independent act and principle in a complex area, dependency of the Moscow policy upon the USA variable and the low esteem of the other part of this equation being Iran are obvious defects of this policy. Generally, if one does not take any tactical changes into account, the role of Moscow in the Iranian nuclear problem was no more than a game within the framework construed by the USA. That is why the understanding by the Moscow of the strategic goals of the pressure upon the Teheran as expressed in the attempts of the Washington to coordinate Iran with its long-term expansionist policy in the Middle East was not expressed in the practical policy of Russia. Such a policy does not correspond with the principles pronounced by the Moscow on disagreement with the US expansionism and the acts as an “independent superpower”. The author used systemic analysis of the Russian policy towards the Iranian nuclear program as a methodological basis, and there was no evaluation of some details. The recent regional and international events having influence upon the nuclear program of Iran and the relations between the USA and Russia, as well as continuation of the aggressive US policy in the Middle East with the “New Greater Middle East” on one hand and the current negotiations on the Iranian nuclear program, continuous threat of a military attack upon Iran and the new processes in the nuclear activities in this state formed a new situation in this sphere.

Keywords: war, sanctions, diplomacy, negotiations, the Middle East, expansion, Iran, nuclear program, Russia, the USA.

Abstract: The article shows that the search for the efficient management methods and the modern development of information technologies have led to the appearance of the novel management paradigms, such as the “network-centric management”. It is noted that in the conceptual and theoretical sphere the network-centric approach in the military is implemented as a system including three sub-systems formed as mutually penetrating frames (information subsystem, sensory and intelligence subsystem and combat subsystem — subsystem of separate tactical divisions and combat management), when the information subsystem frame penetrates the entire system of modern administration and forms its basis. The author provides comparative analysis of classical and network-centric approaches towards management and experience of its implementation in the sphere of warfare taking examples of some states (the USA, France, the Great Britain, Germany, Israel and China). The system of network-centric administration is a combination of previously formed and deployed widespread automatized electronic networks for collection and primary evaluation of information, centers for keeping and analysis of information, as well as the contours of management and decision-making, and their combined effect forms an united information and management area, covering the entire administration area. The main idea of the network-centric war is integration of all of the forces and means within a united information sphere, allowing for multiplication of efficiency of military use through the synergy effect. Introduction of the network technologies into the military sphere is a revolutionary step, which is aimed at the improvement of the military capabilities of armed forces due to their operative and efficient use.

Keywords: network-centric management, the NATO, global information frame, network-centric wars, J-structures, synergy effect, network-centrism, network technologies, perspective intelligence means, OODA (observation, orientation, decision, action).

Abstract: This article provides analysis of threats to national security of Russia in the central Asian region due to the expected withdrawal of the International Security Assistance Force from Afghanistan. It is expected that after the military forces of the USA and their European allies are withdrawn from Afghanistan, the territory shall be controlled by the Taliban and the demarcation line between the Taliban power and the pro-Western Karzay government shall be at the same position, which previously divided the Taliban from the Northern Alliance. In this case it should be expected that the Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan shall lose their status of the territories in the strategic rearward area of the ISAF, guaranteeing supply of the Afghanistan operation, and they shall become the frontline of defense from the export of Islamism, terrorism, and narcotic drugs into Russia and European stats. In this case the growing threat to the international security from Afghanistan shall be a durability test for the Russian-Kyrgyz relations and cooperation in the sphere of security.

Keywords: political science, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, national security, threats, politics, international relations, cooperation, integration.

Abstract: The article concerns the current situation and perspectives of resolution of the Syrian crisis. Special attention is paid to the problem of chemical weapons, the fact of use of which on August 21, 2013 near Damask could have been used by the USA and its allies for the armed intervention into the domestic affairs of a sovereign state. The author shows the implementation of the Russian — American plan for the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons. It is established that the procedure of taking chemical weapons out of Syria and their destruction is very complicated. In order to implement it, there has to be will of the leading states in the Global Patnership program and in the renewed Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. Based upon the analysis the author evaluates the influence of the Syrian crisis on the situation in the Russian-American relations. It is noted that Washington D. C. is ready for the equal partnership with Moscow in the rather narrow spheres, one of which relates to the problem of Syrian chemical weapons.

Keywords: Syria, foreign policy, the USA, geopolitics, conf licts, diplomacy, interests, values, security, the UN.

Abstract: The article presents a criminological description of crime committed by foreign migrants and distribution of such crime rate in regions in particular. At the present time migration is one of the most important indicators of ethnopolitical and socio-economic processes in a society and state. In the world growth of migration is believed to be caused by global economic processes. In Russia migration also refers to the economic situation in Russia and neighboring counties. However, it is due not to the processes of economic globalization, modernization, innovation – based development, and etc. but to the gaps created when the country is transferred from the extensive economy towards intensive economy. Mass migration of unskilled workers allows us to stay ‘on top’ of commodity economy. The threat for national security is mostly caused by the crime committed by illegal migrants. We should not forget about how dangerous illegal migrant’s crime can be for our society. Illegal migrants make up to 90 % of the total crime rate among foreigners. Even though criminal activity of foreigners does not exceed the criminal activity of the Russian Federation citizens, there is still a number of other important features that demonstrate a serious danger to the society.

Keywords: law studies, crime by foreign migrants, distribution of crime by regions, different crime rates in regions, inf luence of diasporas on crime rate, indicating crime, regional distribution, reasons, serious crime, illegal migration.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the specific features of proof in pre-trial procedure on criminal cases on unlawful crossing of the state border of the Russian Federation. The author discusses a number of topical issues in legal practice, which related to the elements of crime. The author then provides grounds for the statement that the initiation of a criminal case under Art. 322 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is lawful, when a person has crossed the state border of the Russian federation with the valid documents but without the due permission. The author provides the definition of “due permission”, and he discusses the specific features of investigation of the said crime on the territories of parts of state border, which were not duly formalized in the international legal aspect.

Keywords: jurisprudence, law-enforcement, activity, inquiry, border, FSS, Russia, crime, pre-trial procedure, permission.

Abstract: This article contains the results of the analysis of contents and directions of the foreign policy of Turkey at the Southern Caucasus towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, which were formed as a result of the break-up of the USSR, and are traditionally part of Russia’s political infl uence. The author evaluates the risks and threats to the national security of Russia, which are due to the Turkey’s wish to strengthen its foreign political and military presence in the region and its expansion policy.

Keywords: political science, national security, regional policy, Turkey, Southern Caucasus, international relations, Armenia, Azerbaijan, political process.

Abstract: This article includes results of the analysis of possible causes for the aggravation of the Iran situation as well as of the practice of use of the modern technologies of management of political confl ict by the USA in Syria. Many characteristics and traces of use of such technologies allow us to state that the colored revolution in Syria and the managed aggravation of confl ict with Iran are the links of the same chain of operation of the USA on change of format of the Middle East.

Keywords: Libya, Syria, Iran, date of the revolution, national security, foreign policy, international relations, international confl ict, confl ict management, political modernization, psychological operations, information policy.

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the Resolution 1973(2011) of the UN Security Council from the point of view of classical legal rhetoric, unity of ethos, pathos, and logos, interaction of direct and hidden meanings, as well as use of some language technologies (taking French language text as an example), which was introduced by mass media in France in order to pacify the social opinion on the issue of war with Libya.

Keywords: political science, manipulation, mass media, ethos, pathos, logos, argument, social poll, political euphemism, no-flight zone.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the ideology of global jihad as a spiritual and religious motivation of suicide terrorism by the Islamic radicals. The author views the positions on suicide terrorism as martyrdom by the ideologists of Al-Qaeda (Ben- Laden, Al-Zavahiri)

Keywords: psychology, jihad, terrorism, suicide terrorism, spiritual and religious motivation, ideology of Al-Qaeda, Muslim Brothers, suffering, Koran, radicalism.

Abstract: In the conditions of growing geopolitical status of the Artic, one could clearly see a dangerous tendency to the militarization of the region. It is expressed in growing military presence and in the activities of the number of states as well as the NATO in the Arctic, modernization of the armed forces, which are located in the Arctic, and the relevant military infrastructure, active use of marine military fl eets for the support of economic interests, as well as the tendency to form new military and political blocks and coalitions. The formation of a specifi c regional regime of control over arms and development of trust measures could have been important priorities in the international cooperation in the Arctic region.

Keywords: political science, national security, militarization, Arctic, Russia, NATO, regional security, global security, the Northern Europe, the USA, Canada.

Abstract: The author offers an approach to the problem of fi ghting terrorism, based on the in-depth study of the normative basis on fi ghting the fi nancing of the organized terrorism not only by the prosecutors, but also by all the staff of the law-enforcement bodies. The author provides a list of goals on uncovering and investigation of crimes related to the fi nancing of terrorism, then he provides analysis of the conclusions of the professionals in the sphere of fi ghting terrorism, and offers the possible solutions.

Keywords: jurisprudence, canal, fi nancing, source, recommendation, fi ghting, terrorism, Rosfi nmonitoring, prosecution.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the methodological approaches of the USA to the organization of protection of crucial objects of state infrastructure, fi rst of all, to fi ghting computer terrorism. The author provides the terminological approach to the elements of the infrastructure. This article is important from the point of view of analysis, study and possible practical application of foreign experience in order to ensure adequate protection of Russia, fi ghting cyberterrorism.

Keywords: political science, security, crucial objects, protection, sociology, sustainment, terrorism, computer.

Abstract: While the geopolitical status of the Arctic region grows, there’s a dangerous tendency of militarization in this region, as expressed in greater military presence of a number of states and the NATO there, modernization of armed forces, which are located there, active use of military marine fl eets in order to guarantee economical interests, formation of blocks and coalitions. While establishing its position towards the remilitarization of this region, the Russian Federation should provide for the well-balanced position. Formation of a special regional regime for the control over arms and development of trust measures could become important priorities of international cooperation in the Arctic region.

Keywords: political science, national security, militarization, the Arctic region, the Russian Federation, the NATO, regional security, global security, the Northern Europe, the USA, the Canada.

Abstract: In this article the author views the value of participation of Russia in the largest “coalition wars” throughout the three centuries of relations between the West and Russia (USSR). The author shows a number of failures, and rare positive actions of Russian diplomacy in various political situations, which in turn shows the need to protect its interests in the international arena.

Keywords: military service, Russia, coalition, war, Alexander the 1st, Elisabeth of Russia, Nicolas the 2nd, Stalin, Europe, diplomacy

Abstract: Religious or national hatred and enmity are key motives for the acts of terrorism. That is why lately the devotees of Islamic terrorism have became so dangerous. From the mid 1990s the key direction of bin Laden’s activities has became the “breakthrough” of the Islamic fundamentalism into the southern regions of Russia. Activities of the Chechen separatists caused much interest from the “N. 1 Terrorist”, this in turn lead to his support to creation of an autonomous Islamic state in the Northern Caucasus.

Keywords: jurisprudence, Islam, terrorism, Wahhabism, Northern Caucasus, Al-Caida, Islamism, terrorism, Koran, Bin-Laden