Abstract: The relevance of the study lies in the fact that today Russian language is an important aspect for the development of cooperation between the Kyrgyz Republic and Russia. One of the most important factors is labour migration to Russia. For employment in Kyrgyzstan, knowledge of Russian language is also required. The demand for the Russian language in Kyrgyzstan began to increase due to the growth of migrant workers who go to Russia to earn money, and only with sufficient knowledge of the Russian language they can find a well-paid job. It is important to note an important problem in Kyrgyzstan's education system - most of the country's universities teach students in Russian, while most schools teach in Kyrgyz, a problem that is especially pronounced in the remote regions of the country. Hence, there is a contradiction in the education system. This situation is also influenced by the rather low quality of Russian language teaching in the country's regions. In light of the current geopolitical situation, strengthening the position of the Russian language in Kyrgyzstan contributes to the establishment and development of statehood and interethnic and international cooperation. The aim of the study is to identify the main processes and trends affecting the status and position of the Russian language in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan after the collapse of the USSR. In order to achieve the aim, the authors of the article used various materials, among which: The Constitution of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, normative legal documents regulating the language policy of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

Keywords: CIS, cooperation, Kyrgyz language, migration, Russia, school, education, Kyrgyzstan, Russian language, law

Abstract:   This article explores the history of the emergence, development and current state of the discourse dedicated to the “Asian question” in Kenya. The emphasis is placed on active participation of the immigrants from British India in many key spheres of Kenyan society – business, public service, medicine, publishing industry, and anticolonial movement. Special attention is given to examination of the “Indian question” in the colonial era of Kenyan history as one of the crucial factors of the emergence of the ”Asian question” during the period of independence of the country. Assessment is conducted on the current status of South Asian diaspora in Kenya. Research methodology leans on the comparative-historical and civilizational approaches. In the 1960s –1970s, the Kenyan government pursued the policy of “Africanization” aimed at excluding Indians and their descendants from the economic and social sphere of the country. This approach induced mass emigration of the Indian population from Kenya to the United Kingdom and other Western countries. The “Asian question” has become a peculiar response of the Kenyan society to socioeconomic and financial problems of the 1980s – 1990s, an attempt to find positive aspects in the activity of South Asian capital in history of the country. Despite the challenging interethnic situation, the immigrants from South Asia have formed an ethnic community in Kenya and maintain close ties with the Indian diaspora abroad.  

Keywords: identity, United Kingdom, diaspora, East Africa, colonialism, migration, India, Kenya, integration, community

Abstract: The subject of the study is the civilizational and cultural basis of the development of republican democracy institutions with the principles and mechanisms characteristic for it. The object of the study is political institutions of the modern democratic republican state correlated  with the political culture of Western States that was formed under the influence of various factors, primarily - the Christian civilizational heritage. Finally, it affects the functioning of social institutions which, in their turn, lead to formation of a particular kind of political institutions – the ones that are considered to be the basis of the republican system in the modern world. The author used such methods as dialectical, logical, comparative, system, as well as a number of others. The author comes to the conclusion that the combination of the principles of meritocratic formation of power in the state and its limitations on the part of non-personalized institutions leads to the formation of conditions for economy’s rapid development and exclusion of serious political headwinds, even in conditions of transformation of the political system. However, either of them is a result of the civilizational and cultural process that underlies the functioning of social institutions further developed in the state structures.

Keywords: religion, civilization, political institutions, political culture, Huntington, christianity, subsidiarity, republicanism, separation of powers, meritocracy

Abstract: The research object is economic pressure in the form of sanctions, which has recently become one of the main instruments of geopolitical rivals used for upholding their interests on the international scene. The author notes that, due to its limited impact, the policy of sanctions is the illustration of the crisis of the international relations system. The article analyzes economic consequences of sanctions used by the Western countries and Russia against each other. The author emphasizes that the peak of crisis in most economic indexes has been overcome by now. The author applies the methods of statistical analysis, system generalization and comparison. Using these methods, the author forecasts the further development of political and economic trends in Russia. In the author’s opinion, the further economic development of the state will be linked with the growth of economic and investment activity on the Russian Far East. The author concludes that the development of economic relations with the countries and investors of Asia-Pacific region is, on the one hand, a result of economic pressure of the Western countries, and on the other, a crucial step for Russia in economic decline overcoming. 

Keywords: hydrocarbons market, Crimean referendum, Ukrainian crisis, national interests, Asia-Pacific region, development of the Far East, international relations system, international relations crisis, economic crisis, sanctions

Abstract: The article explains the prospects of the Eurasian geopolitical vector of Russian development.It is largely determined, on the one hand, by the traditionally hostile attitude of the leading European countries towards Russia. Over a long historical practice, the Russia's potential had been used to ensure the security of European countries; at the same time, these countries pursued the policy of weakening of Russia, and imposing the maximum damage on it, including its involvement in wars and armed conflicts. A similar kind of policy is carried out in relation to the Russian Federation by the United States and its European (NATO) allies. It demonstrates the futility of efforts to build mutually beneficial relations with European countries and the United States as a result of the reluctance on the part of the latter.The methodological basis of the research is the system, structural and functional, and comparative political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and observation.Taking into account that Russia is a Eurasian state, it is necessary the use this circumstance for its effective development.The author of the paper defines the most promising directions of the Eurasian vector of Russian development and the preconditions of its formation, establishment, and practical implementation. 

Keywords: geopolitics, Russia, world policy, US foreign policy, international relations, diplomacy, interests, state, security, color revolutions

Abstract: The modern foreign political course of the USA towards retaining global leadership is held under the motto “partnership in the name of peace” and it is implemented via widening the scope of global functions of the North Atlantic Alliance. It fully conforms to the concept of civilization anthropology, studying the issues of civilization and large state formation development based upon the motivation dynamics of the elites and other socially important groups. In the XX century the USA took part in global confrontations of international systems three times, which included two World Wars and one “Cold” War. The main result was the growing role of the USA in the global arena. Throughout one century the USA transformed from an isolated Western hemisphere states into a global scale state in respect of its interests and influence. It led to the situation when no important problem may be resolved without participation of the USA or its direct counteraction.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, the USA, geo-politics, political instability, diplomacy, state, interests, values, security.