Abstract:  The subject of the research is the laws and acts that regulate social relations arising in the process of foreign currency exchange in the Russian Federation. The object of the research is the social relations arising in the process of foreign currency exchange in the Russian Federation in relation to generation of revenues of centralized public-law entities' monetary funds. In the Russian Federation foreign currency exchange has certain particularities in terms of accounting and tax treatment thereof which influences the efficiency of financial activity performed by a public-law entity. Observation of these particular rules is necessary to successfully achieve goals and tasks of today's state official activity.  The methodological basis of the research implies the dialectical method for analyzing social, economic and legal phenomena in terms of their interaction and interdependence. Integrity and validity of the results are achieved through a combined use of the structured system, comparative law, formal law and logical theoretical methods as well as applying such methods as description of terms, analysis, synthesis, generalisation and other methods. As a result of the research, the author defines violations of the essential provisions of the Russian Federation tax and levy legislation, i.e. principles of the equal tax burden and economic feasibility of levies and taxes, as consequences of inefficient system of accounting and tax treatment of foreign currency exchange in the Russian Federation. As one of the outcomes of the research, the author emphasizes the need to change the current system of accounting of foreign currency exchange in the Russian Federation. 

Keywords: principle of the tax system, Bank of Russia, income, exchange difference, official exchange rate, currency of the Russian Federation, foreign currency, Accounting, state, tax

Abstract: The subject of the present research is various legal rules governing public relations in the process of monetary circulation. The arrangement of monetary circulation in the Russian Federation is based on a combination of various fundamental principles. The effect of these principles applies to the financial activities of the state and municipalities which are legal activity  organizing the circulation of money in the field of public finance. Compliance with the principles of the arrangement of monetary circulation is the basis to achieve maximum efficiency of the financial activities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge of social, economic, and legal phenomena in their interrelationship and interdependence. The reliability and validity of the results achieved through the combined use of systems-structural, comparative legal, formal legal and logical-theoretical methods and descriptive method, analysis, synthesis, generalization and other methods. As a result of the research the author concludes that the provisions of the Constitution (1993) set out in Articles 71-73, 75, 106, 132, establish the principle of a monopoly organization of monetary circulation in public legal education. The author also reveals the content of these Articles in relation to the financial activities of the state and municipalities.

Keywords: principle, money issue, monopoly organization, municipality, state, public finances, money currency, financial activity of the state, the Bank of Russia, circulation