Abstract: The subject of the study is the late Soviet underground rock song both in the general context of Soviet popular culture and in the context of patriotic discourse in the Soviet popular song of the 1960s-1980s. The correlation of various segments of Soviet popular music and their access to mass communication media, the phenomenon of the transformation of rock music from a marginal subculture into one of the segments of popular Soviet song is considered. Concrete examples demonstrate the content versatility of an uncensored Soviet rock song, in particular, its contribution to patriotic discourse. The duration and stability of the existence of the considered variations of patriotic discourse are considered. The main conclusions of the study include: -the development of mass/popular songs is directly dependent on the development of mass communication and access to them; -in the 1960s-1980s, the Soviet state lost its monopoly on the ownership of means of delivering music content to the listener; - by the early 1980s Soviet rock music ceased to be a copy of the Western model and became a Soviet/Russian song genre based on domestic melodics, Russian literary poetic tradition, etc.; -the access to the means of delivering song content turned rock song into a segment of Soviet popular music, both censored and in uncensored versions; -the socio-political content in general and the patriotic theme in particular were not an attribute exclusively of the official Soviet song, but found their expression in the work of the authors of the underground rock scene; - the Soviet popular uncensored song made the patriotic discourse much more diverse, rich, sharp, etc. - the identified interpretations of patriotic discourse have a stable existence, being actualized in the modern media environment.

Keywords: cultural politics, emigration, USSR, mass communication, censorship, perestroika, patriotic discourse, sound recording, soviet rock music, soviet pop song

Abstract: The subject of the study is collective trauma and its manifestations in post-war Italy. The definition of collective trauma is given on the basis of the works of sociologists and its characteristics. The purpose and novelty of the work is to explain the "phenomenality" of the journalist and historian Giampaolo Pansa. The contribution he made to the Italian consciousness after the release of the books "Children of the Eagle" and "Blood of the Vanquished", devoted to methods of retaliation against fascist arbitrariness during the Italian Civil War of 1943-1945, consists in explaining the bilateral collective trauma that arose as a consequence of the ideology of fascism, affecting both its supporters and its opponents.   The main conclusion of the study is the following. The method of J. Alexander's cultural sociology enriched with the existential grief of A.I. Etkind is analyzed. The meaning of socio-cultural trauma can be determined by answering the questions about what crisis events we are talking about, who is responsible for them, what are the consequences of traumatic actions. Turning these questions into a narrative is the most important problem for anthropology. The meaning of socio-cultural trauma can be determined by answering the questions about what crisis events we are talking about, who is responsible for them, what are the consequences of traumatic actions. Turning these questions into a narrative is the most important problem for anthropology.

Keywords: grief, violence, power, war, totalitarianism, collective trauma, fascism, creating a cultural fact, anthropology, culturalsociology

Abstract: This article reviews the type public consciousness, collectively expressed in the concept of Aristotelian subject, in relation to the characteristic context of the various forms of conceptualizations of the “end of history” in the conditions of the existing global world order. Historically, Aristotelian subject for a great while has exemplified the essential degree of rationalization and cognition of social being. Its gnoseological role simultaneously has always been balanced out by the irrational factors of religious-mythological institutionalized practice with the necessary conceptual formalization. At the same time, the criticism of actual destruction is often subjected to the same processes of losing the methodological scientific reference points. It typically tries to rely on the religions dogmas, pursuing the line of fideism, and ultimately, obscurantism. In such moment, both, the apologists of the existing state of things, and the seemingly irreconcilable critics, are quite in accord, and as their creation reveals the example of multilevel protection of the established world order. In the course of this work, the author applies the method of dialectical analysis in the context of Hegelian principles of the concreteness of truth, coupled with the logical-critical orientation. Throughout multiple centuries, the pan-European civilizational discourse has been functioning in controversial unity of the own rational, nonrational, and irrational components. The author demonstrates evolution of the cognitive Aristotelian type towards the gradual destruction of its rational-conceptual core, loss of the true civilizational-existential meanings under the prevailing influence of the supremacy of plutocracy. Presently, Aristotelian subject has completely dissolved in the atmosphere of postmodern analogy and decentration; while the processes of true public cognition not only gained back same problematic as thousand years ago, but also special relevance.

Keywords: ideology, continuity, civilization, religion, aristotle's type, capitalism, the end of history, history, subject, destructiveness

Abstract: The author turns attention to the fact that in modern world the global political, economic, and cultural changes not only made the society homogeneous, but also intensified the inverse processes: discrepancy of cultures and nations; growth of national self-consciousness; cultural differentiation; desire of the nations to self-affirmation and preservation of cultural values to the point of aggravation of the nationalistic motives that lead to conflicts. The system approach towards examination of the topic allows determining the assimilation and multiculturalism as the based variants of integration strategy. The processes of assimilation and integration are traced in their modern interpretations. The article criticizes the existing policy of multiculturalism; it is assumed that it leads to escalation of social fragmentation based on the ethnic principle; takes place the gradual transformation of multiculturalism into the political program of cultural differentiation, and the world – into the system of interpenetrating translocal cultures; emerges the trend of human strive for multiple identity. It is noted that the policy of ethnic-race relations in the modern world shifts towards the “positive discrimination” with regards to minorities; its negative moments are indicated. The author underlines the necessity of the principle of “tolerance dualism” in coexistence of societies in the globalizing world. An attempt is made to signify the existence of a new polyethnic society, society of cultural pluralism, while considering the policy of multiculturalism alongside the assimilation (integration) as the stages of its establishment.

Keywords: translocal cultures, multiple identity, cultural pluralism, positive discrimination, tolerance dualism, assimilation, multiculturalism, intercultural communication, cultural differentiation, polyethnicity

Abstract: One of the principal designations of a theatrical mask consisted in formation of the image of human identity, in development of which we can observe several staged by following the historical typology of masks. Due to this fact, one of the main functions of the Western European fashion in its conception was the reflection of social status in clothing; thus emerges a hypothesis on a possible borrowing in fashion of the mechanism of formation of identity determined by the mask. Such parallel becomes possible due to the role played by clothes in establishment of the individual image in social space, which turns out to be the next step after the formed by a mask human identity. Based on a similar in many aspects function realized by both, a mask, and later by fashion, the author makes an attempt to implement a historical typology of mast towards the phenomenon of fashion for clarification of the role of Western European fashion in Medieval Times – a historical period, when an individual has completely become established as a self-sufficient means of human identity, by questioning the means through which he can be presented in social space. Namely the mechanisms of representation of an individual in social field are granted by fashion, via borrowing the instruments revealed by a mask. Because of the fact that the means of expression of an individual in Medieval Times are endowed rather with the features of marginal and transgressive phenomenon, the fashion, using the means provided by the archetype of mask and historically emerged as a way of identification of social groups, proves itself primarily as a phenomenon of social identity.

Keywords: vestimentary code, individual, zoomorphism, social identity, transgression, mask, Middle Ages, fashion, social structure, identity

Abstract: This article conducts the analysis of the processes of commemoration implemented in the city-hero Volgograd in the post-war period, as well as their correlation with the projects of national identity. Based on the examination of memorials erected in the Soviet and post-Soviet period, dedicated to the Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad, it is stated that the process of commemoration are grounded due to the presence of the project of national identity within the collective conscience of the society, which is genetically structured into the concept of “ideal society”, or social duty. This project is a so-called goal of historical development, which defines not only the vector that substantiates the possibility of existence of the historical path within social conscience, but also the process of structuring of historical memory. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, memory begins to be subjected to “dispersion”, which manifests in the processes of commemoration and their results. This process of “dispersion” of historical memory of the Battle of Stalingrad, which started the commemoration during the post-Soviet era, is based on many projects of national identity created by separate nationalities, representatives of regions and individuals, thus establishing new personal or collective identity outside the total Soviet project.  

Keywords: World War II, social conscience, social identity, spiritual life of society, monument, the Battle of Stalingrad, commemoration, historical memory, national identity, Ibárruri

Abstract: The object of the research is human and the subject of the research is the analysis of a new kind of human identity that has appeared as a result of electronic infrastructures and networks created by these electronic infrastructures and capturing one's personality. The fact that there are so many kinds of electronic devices today has a certain impact on human existence. Human becomes a so-called electronic nomad who has no home but constantly moving throughout space. Electronic microlandscape that claims to reach the macrolevel is based on the combination of natural and artificial worls, however, the distinction between them is so vague that it creates certain ambiquity: on the one hand, electronic devices depend on a nomad and help him out, on the other hand, it subdues him and creates numerous disturbances which generates a special sphere existing according to its own rules. This creates contradictions in nomad's behavior that has dialectically interrelated extravert and introvert modes. Thus, a nomad appears to have a chimerical but not inclusive personality. He is estrangedly included in the new reality by the means of high technology, however, this new reality is an illusory copy of reality and claims to play a dominating role in a nomad's life. Moreover, his inclusion into the reality is also 'flickering'. Solution of numerous problems arising for an electronic nomad can be made through reconstruction of axiosphere and appealing to traditions and searches for the meaning of life. The author of the article discusses this problem in the form of a narrative using semotical, dialectical and phenomenological methods which allows to describe peculiarities of a modern personality. The novelty of the research is based on the fact that the author analyzes a new kind of personal identity defined by the author as the 'electronic nomad'. The main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used in scientific, teaching and practical activities as well as social work and interpretation of different kinds of social situations and attempts to solve personality issues.   

Keywords: person inclusive, road, homelessness, traveler, nomad, electronic nomadism, identity, exclusion, flicker of life, chimerical personality

Abstract: Definition of the essence of culture is often taken as a simple task. However, in her article Paleeva demonstrates that in the process of searching for self-identity, culture faces serious contradictions which reflects the complex nature of the phenomenon itself. Thus, even etymology of the word 'culture' hides in itself the following variants of cultural existence. Even more paradoxes are associated with the process of culture genesis. In one case, culture is viewed as the generation of nature and earthly circumstances of human life which was later developed further. In the other case, culture is associated with the word 'cult' which relates this phenonomenon to the transcendental feeling. In her research Paleeva has used the methodology of philosophy of culture. This branch of knowledge has accumulated numerous methods and procedures that allow to analyse oppositions to culture. For the first time in Russian academic literature the author of the article is viewing complexities of cultural self-identity. The author also makes an attempt to analyze contradictions between ethic cultures and universal cultures, local cultures and general cultures. The author compares the two research tendencies that have developed in contemporary science. She also carries out a critical analysis of the other researchers' attempts to view primordialism as plain antiques and to give a negative assessment of that tradition from the point of view of the social progress. Meanwhile, many authors speak highly of constructivism as the newest achievement of philosophy and science. In her article Paleeva also provides a critical analysis of peculiarities of modern constructivism.  

Keywords: universals, cult, nature, primordialism, constructivism, self-identity, identity, philosophy, culture, spirituality

Abstract: The subject studied is the role of political trickster as a possible stereotype of political behavior in the Russian political environment of the late XXth. Cultural dimension of the political life is the ground for forming a matrix of possibilities of political leaders at this or that sage of social development. Culture and the collective request of the population for the implementation of a particular cultural paradigm by political elites are a direct consequence of the formation and development of the information society and transformation of collective consciousness. Political situation at the beginning of the 1990th in Russia created conditions for the appearance of both cultural heroes and tricksters in the political life of the country. In this regard, the author analyzes the political activity of A. Lebed and R. Kadyrov as the examples of political tricksterism and cultural heroism. The analysis of the political behavior of political actors is a new methodological approach which appears as a result of the development of the inter-disciplinary approach and principles of methodological pluralism. Based on the cultural analysis carried out, the author makes an assumption that on the political arena a cultural hero and a trickster are syncretical manifestations of the political reality in unstable situations. The solution of the unstable situation and overcoming of the political turbulence define the importance of the relation between a trickster and a cultural hero.

Keywords: trickster, mythological analysis, political behavior, cultural hero, culture, mythological consciousness, cosmos, R. Kadyrov, A. Lebed, chaos.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of preservation and development of traditional folk culture as one of the key conditions of socio-cultural security of modern society. The importance of the research of regeneration of traditional folk culture is conditioned by the significant decrease in potentials of Russian culture and structure destruction of the cultural self-reproduction of society and at the same time people’s desire to preserve their singularity and demonstrate their original tradition in the process of radical changes happening in the modern world under the influence of globalization processes in all spheres of human life. The object of the research is the traditional folk culture as a constructive factor for consolidation of a modern society. The subject of the research is the elements of folk culture as a resource of preservation of regional cultural identity under the conditions of the development of the regional, Russian and global heritage. Research methodology is based on the cultural theory that combines methods and results of scientific researches in different branches of social humanities. This approach allows to reveal the potentials of the traditional folk culture as a mean of preservation of the socio-cultural identity of the modern society. The author concludes that in the age of globalization, values of traditional folk culture can restrain rapidly growing negative trends of social development and reinforcement of cultural traditions creates grounds for harmonization of the process of creation of socio-cultural identity and at the same time formation of intercultural tolerance.

Keywords: traditional folk culture, intangible cultural heritage, cultural potential, regional culture, regional identity, folk traditions, federal target programs, regional target problems, cultural values, identity.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of media representations of ‘elitism’ that are provided by the web-based media as standards. These web-based media position themselves as the mass media addressed to the most educated and professional layer of the modern Russian society. The author is referring to such projects as Afisha.ru, Bg.ru, Lookatme, Openspace (2008-2012), W-O-S, Colta, Esquire and Snob. The research is based on ten interviews published by Afisha. ru and devoted to the changes that have been going on in the media sector (broadly discussed dismissals of editor-inchiefs and changes in editorial formats) since the start of social protests in Russia in 2011 — 2012. By using the method of discourse analysis as the main analytical instrument in the research, the author of the present research article is the first to define and systematize concrete strategies and mechanisms of constructing the images of ‘elitism’ used by the aforesaid sources. The author also discusses how the studied variant of the elitist discourse combines elements of the discourse about intellectuality and intelligentsia (with their different variants and modifications) with the idea about the importance of economic success and associated freedom of consumer choice as the core value of a developed society.

Keywords: elitism, elite, elitist discourse, discourse-analysis, media representations, social group identity, construction of standards, socio-cultural unity, life style, consumer practices.

Abstract: The process of formation of the integrated European community creates a discourse about formation of the European identity that involves discussion of the issue on self-identification of a dynamic and rapidly growing Muslim community in the West and Great Britain in particular. The fiercest debates including debates on the prospects of multiculturalism deal with Muslims performing their religious customs and traditions in Europe. The question about religious and legal self-consciousness of British Muslims has become one of the key topics to be discussed by the governments of many European states. European culture has managed to find place for Muslim dispute resolution agencies as traditional (religious) but not solely legal institutions. European Muslims are in some kind of «legal pluralism» that allows them to retain their religion, culture and values. On one hand, it creates the difference between Muslim and European (mostly secular) identity and, on the other hand, allows European Muslims to coexist in harmony with the European identity.

Keywords: culture, religion, identity, globalization, Islamic Law, European Muslims, Euro Islam, secularism, multiculturalism, self-consciousness.

Abstract: A classical concept about self-knowledge as the ‘appeal of the knower to himself’ (reflection) faces a difficulty: in order to make it possible for one to understand himself by the means of reflection, it is necessary for him to have the basic knowledge about his own structures (such as temporality and intentionality) allowing to state that it is him who is being the object of reflection. Spontaneous features of the knower create the grounds for credibility of facts discovered during the process of reflection. As a result, a gap between the knower and the other world can be created. The author of the article shows that critics of the Cartesian paradigm, caused by the above difficulties, is limited to subject-object relations and does not touch upon reflection as the process requiring certain knowledge about ourselves. As a result, concepts that do not take into account the role of the knower are dependent on reflective structures and certain difficulties caused by these structures. In order to overcome these difficulties we need to deny the supposition about initial equivalence of the knower and the object of self-knowledge.

Keywords: philosophy, subject, reflection, consciousness, self-consciousness, knowledge, intentionality, phenomenology, temporality, self-objectivation.

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to define the strategies of opposition to the influence of prison sub-cultures on social and discursive practices in Russian culture. A good example of such opposition was found in texts under one theme ‘reflexive discourse’ that included texts written by Russian authors as memories about their time in GULAG. Using the discursive analysis method, the author defined the key signature of the reflexive discourse ‘prison — freedom’ that has the three levels of conceptual connotations. Analysis of these connotations allowed to identify the strategies of opposition to escalation of prison and criminal values in a society. Comparison of discursive practices described by literary texts and social practices shows that a project of reflective discourse appeared to be unclaimed in Russian culture. It was not realized in social practices and therefore became part of the discursive historical archives. The author of the article describes certain contradictions of reflective discourse that hinders from its influence on social practices. First of all this is the latent shift of reflective discourse expressions to criminal traditions which couldn’t have been avoided under GULAG conditions. Secondly, this is also the fact that the spread of knowledge about prison sub-culture has had a distorted effect — society hasn’t formed a negative attitude to prison sub-culture but formed a heroic image of a convict.

Keywords: cultural studies, sub-culture, GULAG, discourse, practice, freedom, non-freedom, reflection, opposition, prison.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological issues related to the phenomenon of regional identity. The author analyzes different scientific approaches to definition of the term ‘regional identity’ and offers his own conception of the structure of regional self-identity. Regional identity is viewed as the system of relations that builds the reality and in its turn is being built during social interaction. The author also defines the functions of regional identity.

Keywords: philosophy, region, regional identity, social system, ‘friends’ and ‘foes’, community borders, space, identity, social groups, territory.

Abstract: Trying to draw the line between art(play) and life, we faced the fundamental problem of Self. Relations between human and the world of art or play have very important similiarities because they perform the double-combined motion — eschatological emergence and contemplative return to one’s self. The result of this double-combined motion can be compared to the result of transcendental function described by Jung as the unity of consciousness and unconsciousness aimed at gaining one’s selfhood. The study of the dynamic structure of a soul allows to use psychological analytics of late Jung’s works and Gadamer’s phenomenology of art which have similar features and represent typological properties of varius internal experience. When analyzing mobile relations between consciousness and unconsciousness, the author of the article used such philosophical terms as acceptance, amechany, automatic spontaneous reactions, reponses and actions of human nature. The article also reflects the author’s emotional experience and self-observation which allowed to discover acceptance, amechany and spontaneity.

Keywords: philosophy, unconsciousness, consciousness, self, Black Swan, movie, D. Arofonsky, Vladimir Bibikhin, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Carl Gustav Jung.

Abstract: The author of the article criticizes the universal nature of the system analysis. According to the author, system analysis has its own limits, too. That is, a system must include the cause of its existence. So, we can’t view organism as a system because its cause of existence is concentrated in the past. Mental forms cannot be systems, either: their causes of existence are concentrated in the future. The author of the article also provides his analysis of the city mentality.

Keywords: philosophy, system, organism, personality, institution, society, past, future, habitus, personality.

Abstract: The article views the phenomenon of socio-cultural identity from the point of view of social studies and philosophy. The author also considers mechanisms of identity formation both of humans and social groups as well as the nation in general. The author describes ways and methods of self identification in the globalizing world. Based on the author, self-identification must be positive and correspond to the inner cultural requirements of the society as well as external social and cultural challenges. The study shows that in the modern world of high technologies and drastic transformation of political and spiritual values one can form a stable socio-cultural identity if he addresses to our past history.

Keywords: philosophy, identity, past, fragmentation, personality, subject, history, consciousness, communication, post-modernity.

Abstract: Conservatism is a mixture of diversified ideological, political and cultural movements based on the idea of tradition and succession in a social and cultural life. Conservatism acquires various forms in the course of history but it is generally characterized by the commitment to existing and long-present social systems and standards, denial of revolutions and radical reforms and assertion of restrictive evolution. Its basic historical forms include liberal, renovating, religious and utopian conservatism. According to the author, it would be useful to compare this ideology with Chinese ideology during the times of Qing dynasty.

Keywords: cultural studies, conservatism, comparativism, ideology, Enlightenment, the Romantic Movement, classes, society, utopia, religion.

Abstract: The social structure of a mythopoetical type of society reflects accomplishing relevant social tasks in relations with the Others. These tasks include, firstly, preservation of the social and moral order within the community that is achieved through the principle of ‘overall kinship’, and helps to accept the Other as a relative and friend; and secondly, preservation of the maximal privacy of the community which protects from the ‘alien others’ who are distant and confusing for the community, and therefore, dangerous.

Keywords: philosophy, mythopoetics, society, the other, non-disclosure, kinship, stratification, protection, worldview, trust.

Abstract: The analysis of personal pronouns allow to define a series of operations enabling their interpretation and showing the ‘shuttle’ movement. First of all, it works for translation of the personal pronoun ‘I’ into ‘It’. The possibility to transfer the identification of the first person to the third person demonstrate how the old, no more used language still show itself in our speech. Their crossing is the crossing of logical beginnings (personal and impersonal) and their interactions.

Keywords: philosophy, personal pronoun, neuter gender, present time, eternal, speech modes, etymon, inter-feasibility, transduction.

Abstract: Russia is a country of many nations and one of Russia’s current goals is to strengthen the unity of the country. This goal cannot be reached without establishing good transnational relations between Russia’s peoples. In the first place it refers to overcoming the consequences of conflicts in Chechnya. It is obvious that good transnational and transcultural relations can be built on knowledge of peculiarities of these peoples’ national mentalities. And the national mentality is determined by its history and culture. Based on a series of articles and publications in the sphere of history, language studies of the Nakh people, social sciences and national arts and crafts, the author of the article carries out a social and philosophical analysis of the Vainakh society and shares her view on the discussion issue of formation of the Vainakh society (ancestors of modern Chechens) and their mentality.

Keywords: philosophy, Vainakh people, Chechen people, Noxci, Noxco, adapt, mentality.

Abstract: The article describes phitomorphic images in Slavic architecture and the perceptions of the after- life. The article is aimed at summing up and analyzing the role and place of phitomorphic images in Slavic architecture and perceptions of the after-life and defi ning the symbolic meaning of images as well as their origins. For the purpose of her study the author uses works by other scientists in ethnography, Russian mythology, history, language studies and architecture.

Keywords: cultural studies, phitomorphic, images, forest, trees, fl owers, paradise, hell, garden, garden city

Abstract: In the article traditional values of the Russian civilization are considered from the social point of view. Value is shown as a social construct endowed with a parameter ‘cultural code’, the latter ensuring social relations. The author shows moral and ethical orientation of traditional values of Russia and defines their role in retaining and developing Russia as a civilization.

Keywords: philosophy, traditional values, social code, socio-cultural construct, axiological consciousness, ethical orientation, national ideal, social relations, cultural code, Russian civilization

Abstract: In this article the author defines and reconstructs the key approaches and definitions in the analysis of the Russian identity from the philosophical point of view. Based on this analysis, the author found the certain connection of all theoretical constructs mentioned in the article and thus, described the basic peculiarity of the Russian man: the humanity principle which allows Russians to fill his living space with personal (informal) relations

Keywords: philosophy, Russian nature, identity, personal identity, distinctive character, character, world outlook, ethnos, nation

Abstract: The author talks about the new branch of philosophical anthropology, - interpretative anthropology which studies the differences between cultures and between cultural meanings. The author defined the borders of this new discipline and described its formation and development. The author also considered the comparative descriptions of cultures.

Keywords: philosophy, psychology, social anthropology, ethnology, culture, ethos, traditions, mentality, nation, group

Abstract: The author of the article evidently proved that will is a transcendental function between visible and invisible realities. According to the author, manifestation of ‘visible reality’ is kushism and ‘invisible’ reality displays itself in iranism. Kushism sumbolizes the principle of necessity or ‘necessity’ of birth and existence. On the contrary, iranism is a symbol of freedom and creation.

Keywords: philosophy, Iranism, Kushism, archetype, unconsciousness, myth, symbol, metaphysics, hierophania, numinous

Abstract: Review: the author reflected on the foundations of our consciousness, difference between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’. Special attention is given to the identification matrix. In particular, the author talked about the intersubjective and the intrasubjective. The article is made up in the form of a dialogue

Keywords: philosophy, identity, identification matrix, intersubjective, intrasubjective, culture, communication, anti-humanism, self-consciousness, freedom

Abstract: Abstract: the article is devoted to the pseudomorphosis as a specific mechanism of development in the Russian history. The author identified the two forms of pseudomorphosis, the classical form described by Spengler and the “organic” form, the unique mirror reflection of the former. Special attention is paid to the role and place of disciplinary technologies in the structure of speudomorphic drivers in the government. In particular, the author showed that despite Spengler and a number of his followers, the government in Russia was characterized by the macro technological structure dominating over weak European disciplinary mechanisms.

Keywords: pseudomorphosis, civilization, disciplinary technologies, inversion, civil society, Spengler, Florensky, Tsymbursky, Ahieze.

Abstract: Humanity is concerned about daily bread. This initial anxiety for food sounds in the prayer and hides in barely conscious actions of a woman stuffing her fridge with a bit more food than her family actually needs. Why do people tend to overeat than to eat less? It is a difficult question. C. Levi-Strauss has carried out a great research viewing the problem of food in a very objective and “structural” light. However, his work “Origin of eating traditions” did not answer the question and the problem was not just the “wrong” method of Levi-Strauss.

Abstract: As the author points out the modern scientific literature lacks the research on the birth of the modern scientific paradigm as a whole. The idea of this article is to show the birth of the modern scientific paradigm in various spheres of knowledge.

Abstract: Human subjectivity is a philosophical term, which expresses the inner world of a human being, his spiritual nature, his motives and meanings of his behavior, the riches of his nature, the variety of his intellectual capacities, will and feelings. This term shows the unique nature of person’s individuality…