Abstract: The dynamics of the processes in world politics and economy poses new challenges to Russia. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the policy of modernization of Russia. Modernization, which is primarily a re-industrialization effort, requires considerable financial resources, and therefore depends on the capacity of the banking system. Without the support of the banking sector the real economy cannot keep up with the demands of our time. In turn, the geopolitical situation in the present moment requires Russian banks to exercise a new approach to global challenges. Methodological basis for this study is a systematic, structural-functional, comparative political economy and comparative approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation. The processes that take place in global politics and economy are directly related to the challenges that Russia currently faces. Therefore, the importance of the course for the modernization of Russia is quite obvious. It is also clear that modernization would not be complete if it does not cover all areas of social life in Russia. Modernization of the domestic economy must play the most fundamental role, and it will be possible if both, the experience of Russia and that of developed countries is studied and applied carefully.

Keywords: politics, society, USA, Russia, international systems, state, democracy, interests, values, security

Abstract: This article is dedicated to comparative analysis of social and political communication in border regions of Latin America, by the example of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Based on the principles state sovereignty and control over its territory, central governments have always strived to limit contacts and flow between border regions and the outside world. Despite this fact, the borders are points of communication between people of different cultures, languages, nations and worldview. The inhabitants of those regions depend on relations with the neighboring countries, and attempt to circumvent the limitations that were imposed by the state without concern for their interests. The methodological basis of this research is the systemic and structural-functional approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, observation, modeling, expert evaluations, field studies. In Latin America’s case, the struggle between the state and the border was exacerbated by the fact that political and economic centers of the country, historically, were always located far away from the borders — it always was a standoff between the center and the periphery. Moreover, the national elites still focus their attention on the relations with European countries and the USA, at the cost of weakening connections with the neighboring countries. Moreover, the national elites of Latin America were competitors, because the economies of their countries depended on raw goods exports into world economy centers. This gap between countries serves as an obstacle before achieving control over border territories by the government, and became the reason for the emergence of so-called «town twins› — towns separated only by a state border, often running along a street or a river. The flaws of infrastructure connecting the center and the periphery forced the population of border areas to develop their own channels for communication and foreign relations, especially in the field of economy.

Keywords: Conflict studies, foreign policy, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Latin America, border areas, social communications, political communications, partnership.