Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of UNESCO's approaches to the use of artificial intelligence in the field of education. The scientific work describes how the international community has understood the emergence of new technologies, what limitations and prospects are associated with the use of artificial intelligence. The subject of the study is the evolution of UNESCO's views on technology regulation, from the first discussions and analytical materials to the emergence of international recommendations and practical guidelines for educators and teachers. The study demonstrates how a specialized UN agency evaluates the impact of artificial intelligence on the availability of knowledge, the quality of education, the development of competencies and the reduction of social inequality. Considerable attention is paid to "soft law" documents, which form the basis for future regulatory approaches at the national level. The study covers UNESCO's view of the risks associated with the opacity of algorithms, the disparity in access to technology, threats to privacy, and their impact on academic integrity. The study uses a formal legal method that includes a meaningful analysis of UNESCO recommendations, analytical and other materials. The comparative legal method is used to the extent that it is advisable to compare and generalize in order to identify approaches to regulating artificial intelligence in education. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of UNESCO's position on the role of artificial intelligence in education and in identifying the logic of the formation of ethical, socially oriented approaches, as well as future national regulatory standards. The author shows that international documents are gradually shifting the focus from listing risks to developing practical solutions and tools for educators and researchers, states and organizations. It is concluded that UNESCO is developing a human-centered model for the use of artificial intelligence, focused on equal access to technology, the development of digital literacy and the support of participants in educational relations. It is also proved that UNESCO recommendations form the basis for national strategies for regulating artificial intelligence in education. The article shows that organizations have to take into account the high dynamics of technological development, the risks of digital inequality and the need to adapt educational systems to new conditions. It is concluded that international regulation will strengthen, and the role of ethical standards will become key for the sustainable introduction of artificial intelligence into the educational process.

Keywords: UNESCO, education, educational activities, training, artificial intelligence, information technology, personal data, United Nations, international recommendations, international standards

Abstract: This article examines the relevant questions of the international legal regulation of economic relations within the modern mechanisms of the transnational economic cooperation, by means of the acts of “soft law”. Particularly, the author reviews the Strategy of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) until 2025 as the most recent act of “soft law” of the international organization. The adoption of Strategy and its importance is substantiated by the dynamic development of SCO under the complicated geopolitical and geoeconomic realities. The article analyzes the positions of the Strategy pertaining to the economic component of the organization, as well as the structure of the document. For the first time the most recent and fundamental positions that stipulate the parameters of development, as well as peculiarities and flaws of this act from the perspective of opportunities of the legal regulation of economic activity within the space covered by SCO competence. The author defines the options of the possible regional economic integration into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, considering the newest positions of the Strategy. Realization of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” project in the context of SCO is being researched. The author determines the key obstacles, as well as suggests recommendations for the joint collaboration of SCO with the project. The conclusion is made that the existing in SCO international legal regulation of the transnational cooperation in economic sphere, based on the Strategy and taking into account the proposed by the author recommendations, will allow to productively and competently develop the economic vector in SCO, as well as contribute into the intensification of the economic cooperation between the member-states of SCO and other states of the Eurasian Continent. The Strategy as the act of “soft law” represents the modern relevant document, which is the optimal tool for resolution of the tasks of joint development of the states with different interests and level of development of the economies.

Keywords: international law, international organizations, soft law, Strategy of development, state economic cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO, Russia and China, regional economic integration, international economic law

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of problem of the status of the international legal programs in a modern international law. Using historical, comparative, formal legal methods, with a help of programmatic regulation concept some theoretical problems of international law are decided. The evolution of the programmatic acts as international relations' regulators is researched, also the common normative peculiarities of programmatic regulation and its specification in a context of development and modernization are distinguished. The improving of programmatic regulation into the international law is researched in a frame of the source and form problems in international law and with question of programness of its norms. The peculiarities of multilateral interstate programs and bilateral interstate, intergovernmental and interbody programs also as programmatic regulation in the international organization activities are researched. The thesis on international programs as a specific source of modern public international law is proposed and grounded. Article’s summary may be used for development of international legal doctrine and in international legal creation and improving practices.

Keywords: international programs, international norms, sources of law, international programs, intergovernmental programs, interderpartmental programs, international organizations, program implementation, realization of programs, program regulation