Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of modern problems of the development of European legislation on public control. The authors explore the current state and stages of development of European legislation, which forms the basis of public control in the European Union. It is noted that the term "public control" is generally unfamiliar with the legal terminology of both European legislation and the legislation of countries that are members of the European Union. The terminology uses the terms "transparency" and "participation". At the same time, transparency refers to the accessibility and openness of both the authorities of the European Union and the member states. And participation should be understood as the ability of civil society institutions to participate in decision-making of the European Union, to interact with its institutions, for example, through dialogue through civil society organizations of which they are members.  The work uses a number of methods of scientific cognition, in particular: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The paper identifies, formalizes and investigates the main problems that hinder the development of the institution of public control in the European Union, in particular, the lack of at the level of the European Union, a single codified act of the constitutional level; the lack of consolidation in European legislation of a direct indication of the right of institutions (subjects) of civil society to exercise control over the European bureaucracy and public authorities of national states members of the European Union, as well as other entities exercising certain public powers on the territory of the European Union (for example, European non-governmental organizations); the lack of the legal doctrine of civil society and its control of comprehensive studies devoted to the analysis of forms, methods, principles, types and forms of activities of the above-mentioned control of civil society; in civil society entities a set of real powers to control the European bureaucracy; consolidation in European legislation of a system of measures of criminal liability of officials of the European bureaucracy for ignoring the requirements of civil society institutions or obstructing their legitimate activities; specialized subjects of the above-mentioned control of civil society.

Keywords: transparency, trade unions, freedoms, rights, prospects, problems, European legislation, public control, participation, European Union

Abstract: The author analyzes modern international legal regulation of cyberbullying and its impact on the protection of children's rights. The study's relevance arises from the growing prevalence of cyberbullying, especially among children, and its intensification during hybrid armed conflicts. This phenomenon necessitates a thorough examination of the current international legal framework to identify its strengths and weaknesses in protecting children’s rights in the digital space. The object of the study is the international legal framework regulating cyberbullying and children’s rights. The subject is the norms of international law governing public relations in the protection of minors from online bullying. The study aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of existing international treaties, conventions, and declarations in combating cyberbullying and protecting children from online violence. The research employs methods such as analysis, abstraction, induction, deduction, synthesis, typology, classification, systematization, and generalization. The article highlights gaps and deficiencies in international law, including its limited ability to address digital challenges such as cyberbullying in hybrid wars. It examines the legal foundations and significance of international cooperation in combating cyberbullying, emphasizing approaches by UN bodies and regional organizations in addressing emerging threats to children. Key international instruments regulating cyberbullying are analyzed, and the current state of international legal efforts is critically assessed. The article emphasizes the need to enhance international legal regulation to protect children's rights during hybrid armed conflicts. Identified shortcomings in existing norms underline the necessity of unified approaches, improved cooperation mechanisms, and the development of international standards to address cyberbullying effectively. Prospects for advancing international law in this area are outlined, focusing on addressing gaps to strengthen child protection in the digital era.

Keywords: international cooperation, international organizations, international legal regulation, international acts, international law, cyberbullying, protection of children's rights, Internet, hybrid warfare, armed conflicts

Abstract: International treaties throughout the history have always played a key role in regulating relations between states. However, the constant development of international law and the changing conjuncture of international relations have led to both the conclusion and withdrawal from international treaties. The doctrine of international law, including the history of international law and the law of treaties, focuses more on the procedures of signing, conclusion and entry into force of international treaties, while the issues of termination of international treaties have less attention from international legal scholars. The relevance of the topic of denunciation of international treaties is due to both the difficulties arising in the exercise of the right to denunciation and the need for a detailed international legal regulation of this process. In order to identify the essential characteristics of the institution of denunciation of international treaties, the article conducts a comprehensive historical and legal analysis using the methods of comparative legal research. The novelty of this article lies in systematizing the evolution of the right to denunciation of international treaties from exogenous to endogenous character, as well as in identifying the influence of political factors on its practical implementation. For the first time, these developments are considered in the context of the fundamental principle of the law of treaty - pacta sunt servanda. It is noted that the institution of denunciation of international treaties has undergone significant evolution since ancient times. The key role in its formation was played by the London Convention of 1871 and the Vienna Convention of 1969. These documents were used to develop the periodization of the right to denunciation, which includes three stages. The existing international legal framework regulates the application of the right of denunciation in a non-exhaustive manner, resulting in a fragmented practice. Further development of this institution requires the unification of norms and mechanisms of control of the right to denunciation to prevent abuse of this right and to ensure the stability of international treaties.

Keywords: practice of international treaties, history of international treaties, withdrawal from treaty, Peace of Westphalia, law of treaties, International Law Commission, international treaty, the Vienna Convention, theory of international law, right of denunciation