Abstract: The issue of energy security and energy independence of the EU is one of the key factors in ensuring the stable development of the association. The subject of the study is the energy concepts of the European Union. The object of the study is the modern energy policy of the EU countries. The countries of the European Union are among the world's largest importers and exporters of energy resources, and therefore one of the criteria for EU energy security is the creation of secure logistics chains for uninterrupted energy supplies, since this factor has always been one of the most important problems in energy security. However, despite all the data that the European Union has, this area is a source of numerous problems for ensuring energy security that the EU faces at the current stage of its development. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic analysis and a geo-economic approach. The systematic approach was used in the work to identify the reasons for the transformation of EU energy concepts in the context of the energy crisis. The geo-economic approach allows us to qualitatively consider this issue from the point of view of economics and geopolitics of the countries of Eastern and Western Europe in the context of energy transition. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the concept of energy security in the complex in the context of energy transfer. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the energy policy of the European Union, numerous new initiatives and documents related to this area, as well as the development of the concept of green energy. The authors highlight the challenges that the EU will face on the way to building a stable and safe energy sector. The paper also examines the impact of the EU's energy policy on the concept of European unity. Attention is being paid to the EU's attempts to diversify energy supplies, which plays an important role in the context of the Ukrainian crisis and complications from the loss of Russian supplies. The authors conclude that the lack of internal unity within the EU does not allow for an effective and sustainable energy policy, since the European Union does not have a common energy legislation, and infrastructure development between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe is overly diversified, which does not allow us to talk about the transformation of energy policy in the EU countries at the present stage.

Keywords: Renewable energy sources, Wind turbines, Energy security, Hydrogen energy, Nuclear power industry, Energy policy, EU, The European Union, European solidarity, Energy infrastructure

Abstract: The article considers the issues of the influence of national and foreign corporations on the formation and implementation of Russia’s foreign economic policy during their interaction with the state. The author describes the tendencies of formation of corporations as political actors on the international scene.  At the present time, the increase of the role and the influence of corporations in the international political system can be observed. First of all, it is connected with the growing interdependence of the international economics and politics. The economic potential of particular corporations excels those of many countries. A corporation acts both as an instrument of implementation of state interests on the foreign scene, and as an object of influence of foreign actors aiming at affecting the policy of particular countries.  The author uses the systems approach and the methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison. The role and influence of the largest corporations of Russia on the formation and implementation of the state’s foreign economic policy of the kin-state and the recipient states is considered in terms of international political economics. The acquired results help give attention to particular aspects of interaction between the state and corporations in the context of raising the effectiveness of Russia’s foreign economic policy implementation.   

Keywords: international Business, economic diplomacy, foreign policy, national interests, transnational corporations, foreign economic policy, international political economy, interaction of actors, political influence, international relations

Abstract: The subject of this research is the main trends of trade and economic cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Mongolia at the present stage. The aim of the research is to create a picture of trade and economic cooperation between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea at the present time. The author of the article describes trade and economic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, defines the role of investments of the Republic of Korea in the development of bilateral cooperation, and describes the main problems faced by South Korean companies during executing their investment projects in Mongolia. In her research Grigorieva analyzes the results of economic cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Mongolia over the past 25 years and offers activities to be taken to expand the scope of their economic cooperation in the future. The methodological basis of teh research involves general and special research methods such as comparative historical analysis that allowed to define the state of the problem based on the analysis of different sources; statistical method that allowed to trace back quantitative changes in trade and economic bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea; and logical method that defined problems and trends in studying Mongolian - South Korean investment relations. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that this is a rather understudied topic and the author defines trends in the trade turnover between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea during the aforesaid period. The author concludes that against the active cooperation between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, their economic relations are still have much to catch up with in political and sociocultural environment. Trade relations between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea show positive dynamics, with ups and downs, however, have a declining tendency. 

Keywords: investment cooperation, foreign direct investment, Mongolian-South Korean relations, trade and economic relations, Republic of Korea, Mongolia, exports, imports, economy, foreign trade

Abstract: The article is devoted to the questions of integration in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The author analyzes advantages of  the Customs Union as a form of integration. Then the author provides which state interests are implemented in connection with the inclusion of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus into the Customs Union. The article includes analysis of positive and negative features of the integration among the said countries. The author then attempts to predict the further development of the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.

Keywords: integration, Customs Union, customs regulation, state interests, EurAsEC