Abstract: The object of the study is the movement of pan-Africanism, which arose at the end of the XIX century and the concept of afrocentrism, at the end of the XX century. The first concept, pan-Africanism, turned into a powerful socio-political movement aimed at the national liberation, political struggle of the peoples of Africa against the metropolises, colonialism, as well as other forms of oppression. Afrocentrism was also formed as a tool to combat colonialism, but mentally, spiritually, and culturally. It was created as a tool to support and fight African Americans, the peoples of Africa and representatives of the African diaspora living around the world against the dominance of the Eurocentric model of the world. The subject of the study is the study of the formation of these concepts and the main ideological positions that formed the basis of their ideological foundation. The author examines in detail such aspects as spiritual decolonization, cultural decolonization, and the African personality. Special attention is paid to the study of the semantic core of pan-Africanism and Afrocentrism, the influence of European culture and the position of Africa as an object rather than a subject of history. The purpose of the work is to establish common ideological positions, as well as the possibility of symbiosis to solve the current challenges of the African continent. The methodological basis of the study was the historical approach necessary to restore the picture of past events, which were the basis for the formation of the ideological base of pan-Africanism, Afrocentrism, as well as the emergence of certain provisions. A systematic approach is used to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between ideological trends and determine the main trends in the development of these relations, methods of deduction, induction and synthesis. The novelty of the research lies in considering the concepts of pan-Africanism and Afrocentrism as complementary and mutually reinforcing parts. Both concepts were born almost a hundred years apart, but their similarity and relevance of ideas remain to this day. About 100 years ago, pan-Africanism called for the decolonization of African countries, and today for the eradication of neo-colonialism. Afrocentrism has common roots with pan-Africanism. The main conclusions of the study showed the possibility of a symbiosis of pan-Africanism and afrocentrism. It can become an effective tool for strengthening African society and obtaining the necessary energy to implement national strategies and protect the interests and values of both individual States and the continent as a whole.

Keywords: africain countries, eurocentrism, spiritual decolonisation, Blyden, Asante, ideology, panafricanism, Africa, ideological movements, afrocentrism

Abstract: The author examines the processes of transformation of Western culture during the conflict between the West and the East (1949-1989); the determinism of these changes and neoliberal economic transformations that began in 1970s. The subject of the research is the technology of using cultural phenomena and scientific research in order to promote the ideology of globalism. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the genesis and development of the cultural transformation of Western society, the connection with the neoliberal economic paradigm of the Chicago School of Economics and the transition of power in Western countries to a new generation of globalist politicians. The material under study is reports of the Trilateral Commission, the Club of Rome, the IMF, Senate commissions, and the laws. The analysis of factual material is carried out by descriptive, analytical historical, systematic, comparative methods using abstracts and quotations from scientific literature. The scientific novelty of this article is to identify a new vision of the determinism of the stages of globalization: the cultural liberalization of Western society in the 1960s and 1970s, the neoliberal economic revolution of the 1970s and 2000s and the modern stage of globalization and the green agenda. The mechanisms of cultural liberalization, including three parallel youth revolutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, are shown, and the consequences of these revolutions, including the new values of the Western post-war generation, are analyzed. For the first time, the analysis of the report of the Club of Rome "The First Global Revolution" was carried out, new aspects of the ideological conflict between the communist and Western systems were identified and proposed for discussion. The data obtained are used to analyze the post-cold war: the unipolarity of the 1990s-2000s and the reverse process of regionalization that began in 2010s.

Keywords: The Club of Rome, The first global revolution, globalism, neoliberalism, The Crisis of Democracy report, The Cold War, Community of common destiny, cultural liberalization, propaganda, Fair multipolarity

Abstract: The last two decades have seen the rise of right-wing parties in Europe, spurred among other things by a series of crises, the latest of which being the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark did not find themselves isolated from the political and socio-economic shocks and aftershocks of such events, and right-wing populist parties and movements belonging to the Nordic region have also gained strength, sometimes even being a part of governments. However, these parties have certain characteristics that distinguish them from their counterparts in the rest of the Europe, given the specific social, political, economic and historical context of the region. Such traits can be listed as welfare chauvinism, right-wing egalitarianism, authoritarian positions on sociocultural issues, and populist, anti-establishment drive. At the same time, these parties have demonstrated their high pragmatism and ability for adaptation to the current political situation in their countries. In this work a quick overview is presented of the principles of four major right-wing parties in the Nordic region (The Finns Party, Sweden Democrats, Norwegian Progress Party, and Danish People’s Party), and the differences and similarities in their motivations are discussed.

Keywords: Cultural Nordism, welfare chauvinism, political parties, Nordic region, Danish People's Party, Progress Party, Sweden Democrats, The Finns Party, right-wing populism, Scandinavia

Abstract: The authors consider the correlation between national, panhuman and universal values in the context of sustainable development of modern society with account for the peculiarities of the Republic of Belarus. The authors see into the main tendencies in philosophical and scientific studies connected with the sustainable development issue, analyze the correlation between the related concepts of “evolutionism” and “sustainable development” in modern philosophy and science. The article analyzes the correlation between different values in sustainable development of society and considers the implementation of these ideas in documents adopted in the Republic of Belarus. The research is based on general scientific methods: historical and comparative analysis, as well as the method of critical analysis.  The authors conclude that the transformation of the global economy into a stable ecosystem hasn’t been appropriately reflected in philosophical and axiological studies. There are moderate, specific and radical societal views on the values manifested in the fight for freedom and truth evolving into contradictions, ethno-religious and nationalist conflicts. In the Republic of Belarus, the conditions have been created for the accomplishment of goals of sustainable development of society with account for the national peculiarities of development that will help harmonize national, panhuman and universal values.   

Keywords: Republic of Belarus, global development, ecosystem, balance of interests, society, sustainable development, national values, development issues, evolutionism, universal values

Abstract: The research subject is import substitution policy aiming at the development of Russia’s real economy. The research object is the process of strengthening the national sovereignty characterized by the set of measures aimed at interaction between the state, business circles, the banking sector and society. Special attention is given to the idea that initially, import substitution was understood as a state economic policy strategy oriented toward economic development acceleration. However, at the present time, import substitution has transformed into the policy of strengthening the national sovereignty. The author substantiates the universal nature of import substitution in terms of the national sovereignty provision. The research methodology is based on the interdisciplinary approach focusing on the peculiarities of the national economy development and the global geopolitical situation. The author uses the methods of dialectics, abstraction, idealization, formalization, modeling, as well as analysis and synthesis. The author concludes that the import substitution policy includes two main directions of development: economic development of the country and strengthening the national sovereignty. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the justification of the phenomenon of import substitution as a universal basis of strengthening the national sovereignty. The author comes to the conclusion that the import substitution policy is not a strategic goal of the development of the country, but is only an instrument providing a possibility to move to an export-oriented model of development.    

Keywords: strategic development, domestic demand, default, government projects, systemic crisis, national sovereignty, globalization, import substitution, national security, export-oriented policy

Abstract: Over recent years, in the face of migration crisis, growing popularity of Islam and the failure of multiculturalism policy, public demand for the rightward turn in the politics, from centrism to conservatism, has been growing in France. The article analyzes the main stages of “awakening” of conservative, specifically Catholic, electorate: from the 1968 defeat to emerging from coma during the legalisation of same-sex marriage by the French Parliament in 2012. The author uses the historic, chronological and system methods to both analyze the evolution of political life in France of the last half a century, and consider the role of rightist political parties and movements in the political system. The research is based on the analysis if the latest French historiography and materials of the most influential mass media. The topicality of the issue consists in the fact that the rightist turn in politics is typical for many European countries. As for France, the victory of conservative François Fillon in the rightist primaries in 2016, or the election of  Laurent Wauquiez as a leader of the republicans in 2017, as well as Marion Maréchal-Le Pen’s high ratings, prove that French conservatives have fairly meaningful political future.  

Keywords: Laurent Wauquiez, François Fillon, Marion Maréchal, The Republicans, French Fifth Republic, Islam, Macron, Identity, Conservatsm, France

Abstract: The object of study is the formation of the needs of the population that is affected by basic tendencies of development of world politics and Economics. The subject of the study highlighted the unified global economic and political space characterized by a certain convergence of the different aspects of the population of most countries, the standardization of national institutions for the formation and satisfaction of economic needs. Special attention is paid to the idea that in today's world, globalization performs some hidden from the public functions (expansion of markets, the suppression of the sovereignty of countries, access to resource rents countries) that are contrary to the stated (concern for human well-being, environmental component, uniform distribution).  Globalization generates certain supra-national macro-level of modern economy and policy, the Institute supports the formation needs of the population, creates a certain image of economic goods and technologies. A worthy alternative to such direction of development of the world economy is able to act as institutions of national sovereignty.  The author comes to the conclusion that one of the effective measures counteract the negative effect of the increase of globalization should be to change the main direction of globalization. It will involve the recognition of the multipolarity and diversity of the modern world, and the identification of common goals, needs and interests of development while addressing global challenges the global community in environmental, economic and political aspects.

Keywords: global capital, standards of quality of life, world community, economic needs, institutions, the neo-liberal model, crisis, globalization, global business, national sovereignty

Abstract: The object of the present study is influence of foreign soft power on the Republic of Belarus (RB) as one of the States of the former Soviet Union.   The subject of the study is unique features of the strategies of RB's involvement into the area of their "soft power" influence by such intra- and extra-regional actors of the former Soviet Union as Russia and the European Union (particularly Poland and Lithuania). The author analyzes the peculiarities of projects of the above-mentioned countries (a group of countries) on Belarus’ value and ideology involvement into the orbit of their "soft-power" influence; and subsequently characterizes the tools of such influence. The study uses methods of general logic and methods of international relations science such as historical and comparative. The author also uses method of statistical data procession. The novelty of the study lies in definition of the civilizational and ideological prerequisites for the RB's involvement into the orbit of foreign "soft-power" influence, as well as in identification of the reasons for Russian "soft power" inefficiency with respect to the Belarusian direction, and a certain mechanism for its correction is proposed. The author comes to the conclusion that Belarus is currently in the midst of Russian-European "soft-power" rivalry in a broad sense of the term. However, such a national "soft-power" influence as, for example, by Poland is not congruent with the European one in content and objectives, but represents a separate phenomenon that Russia should take into account. The Russian "soft power" in the Belarusian direction is well institutionalized, but its conceptual content requires updating, on the one hand, due to the current state of relations between the two States and the spiritual and intellectual demands of new generations of Belarusian society, and, on the other hand, because in the current environment the European civilizational and ideological projects constitute a very viable alternative to the Russian world.  

Keywords: post-Soviet space, Poland, Lithuania, civilizational and ideological project, "soft power", "soft power" involvement, Russian world, European Union, Republic of Belarus, Russian-Belarusian relations

Abstract: The research object is the political culture of the countries of Latin America. The author focuses on the statistical data illustrating different aspects of political culture of such countries as Brazil, Venezuela, Honduras, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago and some others. The research subject is the results of sociological surveys, which had been held within the Latin American Public Opinion Project at Vanderbilt University during a long period of time, their analysis and interpretation in the context of the current political culture theories and history of the region. The author concludes that political values of Latin Americans are, firstly, traditional and conservative, and secondly, some of them hamper democratic transition. The analysis shows that the components of political culture of the region, which at first sight have negative sides, are nevertheless the part of history and culture of the region and reflect the people's worldview. 

Keywords: pluralism, democracy, religion, descrimination, political participation, political tolerance, political culture, Latin America, equality of opportunities, political traditions

Abstract: The paper considers the peculiarities and specificity of development of international activities of far-right parties of the European Union at the present stage, and its influence on the phenomenon of popularization of far-right political parties in these countries. The purpose of the research is to define the importance of international cooperation of European far-right political parties. The activity of the European Alliance for Freedom and the Europe of Nations and Freedom group can hardly be called the successful examples of cooperation, but the foundation of the PEGIDA group and its growing importance and popularization in the countries of the European Union gives reasons to identify this movement as a new form of cooperation of far-right political forces. The author considers ideological and institutional aspects of contemporary international cooperation of far-right parties of the European Union and the immigration problem in the European context, and analyzes the PEGIDA movement and its popularization in France and Britain. The growth of Euroscepticism and radicalism, and electoral successes of far-right parties in recent decades speak for significant strengthening of the positions of far-right parties in the contemporary Europe, and the immigration problem remains one of the most serious problems of the European Union. To achieve their goals, far-right political forces seek for new forms of successful international cooperation. 

Keywords: security, refugees, international cooperation , European parliament, Euroscepticism, PEGIDA, the National Front, the European Union, immigration, far-right parties

Abstract: The research subject includes the political research institutions of Great Britain, theoretical and practical aspects of their work, and their importance for the society and political public institutions. In the first part, the author considers the structure and activities of the three leading scientific institutions of Great Britain: the Institute of Economic Affairs, the Adam Smith Institute, and the Centre for Political Science; in the second part of the article, the author analyzes the importance and influence of research institutions on the political life of Great Britain and their effectiveness, their cooperation with the government, mass media, and participation in debates. The research methodology is based on the general scientific proposition about the system character of complex political processes, and the idea about the interdependence of factors conditioning the formation of the state’s political strategy. The most important methodological approach is the historical approach presupposing the study of social and political phenomena through their origin and evolution. The author concludes that the British scientific research institutions had formed in the 1980s and had become the significant figures in the complicated process of policy formation and its introduction into the global political space; creating a particular atmosphere and attitude and being the only opponents in the debates, scientific institutions had formed the very political process in Great Britain. They impulse innovations, struggle against passivity and inclination for compromise in parliamentary and bureaucratic procedures. 

Keywords: public opinion, government, political process, public institute, Margaret Thatcher, Centre for Political Science, the Adam Smith Institute, the Institute of Economic Affairs, Great Britain, scientific research center

Abstract: The topicality of studying the ideological grounds of a strong state is conditioned by the fact that the very idea of a strong state is among the social ideas about democracy, and, on the other hand, it has its roots in the Russian state. The paper analyzes the value perceptions of a strong state, considers the peculiarities of its vision as a public value. The author analyzes the issue in the context of its role in interstate relations and the correlation of values and interests in the state’s foreign policy. A strong state is considered as a value construct of internal and foreign policy of the state. The analysis of value perception is carried out within the socio-psychological approach aimed at defining cultural and psychological peculiarities of value understandings. The research method is the structural content-analysis. The author concludes that the value of a strong state is a publicly needed value, reveals the essence of the importance of a strong state in the perceptions of the Russian society, and outlines the existing social requirements which can be considered as the conditions connected with the value perspectives of Russia’s foreign policy.

Keywords: political values, strong state, foreign policy, value grounds of policy, conservative ideology, cultural and psychological peculiarities, political administrative structures, national interests, paternalism, political culture

Abstract: The article concerns historical and modern social and political fundamentals of the Russian patriotism, as well as the stages of patriotism development in our state. The modern stage of global development has many names: the age of total computerization, information "explosions", genetic engineering, cloning, etc.  But it is more and more often called the "globalization age". Russia is currently facing a new stage of its historic development. The fundamental of state structure and administration are being reformed, the national values are being re-evaluated, and the new balance between the interests of persons, society and state is being found, the social, economic, political, legal and ethnical ties and relations are being formed.  The national security paradigm has changed, and it required a new approach towards place and role of Russia in the global community, as well as to the system of its national interests, possibilities  and the ways to use them with due respect to the changing political tendencies and global geo-political situation.

Keywords: history, Russia, patriotism, values, ideology, politics, international relations, conflict, youth, state

Abstract: The article analyzes terrorism within the context of modern globalization process, informational and psychological threats. Social, psychological and political preconditions of terrorism, as well as the influence of global risk factors on terrorist activity, are being explored. The author reveals defining traits of the development of terrorism as both, a form of social protest, and as a way of securing social, political and economic interests. Isolated cases of terrorist aggression are analyzed in relevance to problems of informational and psychological influence, as well as several forms of propaganda and manipulation used for extremist ideology popularization in relevance to global informatization of society. With that said, the author points out the purposeful destabilizing informational and psychological influence on society, breeding fear in the "face of terror" among the wide population, and distrust to democratic regimes which are unable to protect the citizens from terrorist acts. In conclusion, the author lays out potential for further research, explaining the necessity for creation of practically oriented communication technology and purposeful constructive socially-stabilizing rhetoric, aiming at deconstruction of extremism and terrorism as its extension.

Keywords: information, influence, globalization, threat, risk, society, terrorist, terrorism, communication, manipulation