Abstract: The subject of the study is the transformation of the main Jewish cultural code of the Sefer -Book, from stratum to stratum in the culture of Jewish shtetls. Shtetls were called urban-type settlements in Eastern Europe - the Jewish pale of settlement. The Sefer code, originally embodying the foundations of Jewish law and worldview, the written and oral Torah, pointed to the path to the Almighty through its study. The perception of the rules within each stratum differed in a number of features: the Misnageds, as well as the Karaites and Krymchaks, had strict adherence to the laws, and the Hasidim had an emotional perception. With the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment-Haskalah, and later the globalization of the twentieth century, the Sefer code began to personify the light of knowledge as a whole, as the main goal, including both religious and secular sources. Education in the religious stratum was perceived as the knowledge of God and his creations, and in the atheistic environment - as an end in itself, remaining the main goal in all strata. The obtained research results can also be applied to ethnocultural studies of other ethnic groups. The study applied the method of historicism in retrospect of the functioning of the Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, the comparative method in the comparative characteristics of cultural and religious concepts of various Jewish communities, methods of analysis and synthesis in the formulation of the scheme of cultural codes and their conjugations. The study for the first time characterizes the author's universal morphological scheme of Jewish cultural codes, from which the hierarchy and interrelationships of the main groups of symbols, as well as the key meanings and the main meaning, which is the center of intersection of all codes, are understood. Conclusions: 1. The cultural area of the Eastern European shtetl towns was distinguished by stable patterns associated with the compact residence of the Jewish population and traditional occupations, as well as a worldview based on the Jewish religion. After the disappearance of the shtetls due to globalization, the cultural and ideological foundation became the basis of the activity and thinking of scientists, literary and artistic figures who emerged from it. 2. The Sefer cultural code embodies not only the Torah and its derivatives, but also identifies the main goal - the acquisition of knowledge, which is the same for representatives of all social strata of the Shtetl - Ashkenazim, Sephardim, Jews, Karaites, Krymchaks, Misnageds, Hasidim, representatives of Haskalah, and later atheists and agnostics.

Keywords: Gemara, Mishnah, Talmud, Torah, Sefer, shtetl, semiosis, Judaism, Cultural code, social stratification

Abstract: The purpose of this publication is to highlight the urbanization processes of Yakutia in the 1960s through the prism of the ethnosocial development of the indigenous peoples of the North. The article examines the main factors that influenced the formation of the migration landscape of the studied region, re-introduced into scientific circulation the data of sociological studies conducted in the 1970s by the staff of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the SB Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and gives a modern interpretation of the trends that occurred at that time. The methodological basis of the article was the historical method of analysis of archival data, periodicals, and scientific literature related to the research topic. The use of historical-comparative, historical-system, problem-chronological and statistical methods also allowed the most complete analysis of the processes studied. Based on the collected materials, the content of the urbanization processes that took place among the small peoples of the North in the 1960s was revealed for the first time and it was revealed that at that time their manifestation was expressed in the penetration of elements of urban life, including infrastructural and social innovations into the daily life of rural communities, and not in their migration activity and moving to larger settlements. It is indicated that these trends were the result of the state policy on the consolidation of collective farms, which caused a change in the general settlement structure in the republic and the active industrial development of the region, which caused a powerful influx of immigrants from other regions accompanied by an increase in the number of urban settlements. Thanks: the work was carried out using scientific equipment of the CCP FITC YANC SB RAS No. 13 CCP.21. 16

Keywords: demographic processes, resettlement, settlement, YAASSR, The Arctic, migration, industrial development, indigenous peoples, urbanization, Yakutia

Abstract: This article examines a rare zoomorphic statuette carved from natural stone in a realistic manner of small plastic. The subject of the research constitutes the entire image of mammal in a horizontal position. The find was near the city of Magnitogorsk, near the former Staroseverniy village. We describe the background and details of the discovery artifact: place of discovery, process of exploration and excavation of soil, structure and morphology of subject. The authors examine the structure of zoomorphic depicted involvement in forms of aquatic animals; type object, allowing considers it a cult and radiocarbon dating analysis leads to conclusion of the periodization. It is noted that this finding has no known analogues reveals similarities but there are signs with zoomorphic subject’s realistic small plastic Neolithic, found in the Urals. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of morphology. It was established the statuette is the subject of cult in the Neolithic period, and could be used for daily or ritual purposes; it is dated back to about 4-5 thousand years BC. Author's contribution consists in the natural exploration of the territory of extraction of the artifacts, description, fixation, and establishment of dating og the subject discovered during the field research.

Keywords: Household item, ancient, Southern Urals, object of worship, Neolithic, zoomorphic, small plastic, Suburban territory, Mount Mohnataya, Atach Slope