Abstract: The preservation and popularization of the historical environment of the city represents the involvement of open spaces in social turnover. The purpose of the work is to characterize the floral design of historically developed urban gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. A brief history of the studied objects of culture and recreation is presented. The most important component of the aesthetic appeal of gardens and parks is floral decoration. The emotional state of citizens depends on the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of recreation areas. 404 objects of floral decoration were examined using the route method. There are 15 types of floral decoration in the studied area. The features of the typical composition of floral decoration of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities are noted. A brief description of the qualitative and decorative condition of flower beds is given. The disadvantages of floral design were revealed: poor quality care of plants, flower beds without using the laws of composition, abandoned flower beds of perennials. The positive side can be considered the extensive species composition of perennial flower and ornamental crops. In total, 98 species of ornamental herbaceous plants have been identified and identified in gardens and parks. Annual crops – 27 species, perennial – 71 species. Highly decorative flower beds are marked, only in gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). In second place are the flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks. The city parks of Sarapul and Votkinsk have remained at the level of previous decades in terms of their level of well-being, they need to be revitalized in accordance with new concepts of the organization of city parks. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an assessment was given of the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of the historically formed recreation areas of the cities of Udmurtia.

Keywords: decorative, estimation, ornamental herbaceous plants, typical composition, flower decoration, history, parks, quality, species composition, disadvantages

Abstract: This article examines the promising concepts of formation of vertical greening systems for buildings and structures, as well as the problem of development of environmental approaches towards creating architectural sites using the advanced technological means. The object of this research is the system of vertical greening of facades of buildings and structures. The subject is the analysis of installation of various vertical greening systems, which allowed conducting a comparative assessment of costs. Special attention is given to the design peculiarities of vertical greening systems and their functionality during winter. The article employs the method of systematic analysis of tested techniques for the installation of vertical greening systems based on the criteria of the type of greening to be used, method of installation, irrigation and drainage systems, convenience of use, and cost. The author describes the approaches towards creating various designs of vertical greening systems; compares the systems by technical and economic parameters. These obtained results are presented in a tabular form for selecting the system, taking into consideration various parameters. The solutions are given that allow using the vertical greening systems during winter for various types of structures, indicating that the installation costs depend on the special measures to be used. The examples of implementation of the concepts under review are provided.

Keywords: biodiversity, environmental urbanization, photosynthetic cities, resource saving concepts, eco space, vertical gardening, green facades, green walls, vertical forest, hydroponic systems

Abstract: “Green” architecture of city riverwalks: on the example of Yekaterinburg The object of this research is the Iset River walk, between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg, which is the major attraction for population and the water-recreational urban area. The subject of this research is landscape urbanism used for reconstruction and recreational development of the territories of various functionality, including riverfronts. The author determines the key aspects of the development of recreational spaces of Yekaterinburg in the context of implementation of landscape and city planning approach, as well as the peculiarities of their formation of public and private lands. Comparative-historical analysis of the stages of formation and reconstruction of recreational spaces in the Sverdlovsk agglomeration, analysis of the shoreline of the Iset River between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg is carried out from the perspective of landscape urbanism. The obtained results are as follows:1. The author outlined the prospects of application of the principles of landscape urbanism in reconstruction of city riverwalks;2. The author analyzed the current functional and planning structure of Yekaterinburg; determined the prospects for its transformation, considering the principles of landscape urbanism and formation of the unified ecological-recreational framework;3. The author highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of reconstruction of the Iset River walk and the prospects for its further reconstruction, taking into account the concepts of landscape urbanism and eco-city.

Keywords: reconstruction, landscape-urban approach, recreational spaces, comfortable environment, territory, promenade, ecological and recreational framework, landscape urbanism, eco-city, degradation

Abstract: This article explores a relevant problem of implementation of innovative approaches in the sphere of landscape engineering applicable to reconstruction of city waterfront areas, namely in the large cities. The author reviews the example of realization of the project modern waterfront areas, which considered the indicated factors and engineering principles. On the example of Magnitogorsk, the author examines the modern functional and planning pattern, as well as the quality of shelf territories with determination of the prospects of their transformation, taking into account the principles of landscape urbanism and formation of the single ecological-recreational framework. The method of sampling allowed defining the promising vectors in improvement of aesthetic qualities of a city waterfront area and its safety for all population groups that actively use urban recreational environment. The article underlines the advantages and disadvantages of the conducted reconstruction of a section of the Ural River embankment, and prospects of its further reconstruction considering the concepts of landscape urbanism and eco-city. The following conclusion were made: 1) landscape approach ensured the essential geographic connectedness of the territory, protect city systems from natural disasters (storms, floods, etc.); 2) restoration and reconstruction of shelf area of the Ural River would allow to not only form a unified recreational space and water recreational framework for the purpose of sustainable development of the territory, but also protect the territory from waterlogging; 3) landscape urbanism would contribute to wellness and ecological comfort of the population.

Keywords: recreational environment, natural disasters, ecological recreation, urban planning technologies, embankments, reconstruction, landscape urbanism, urban innovation, urban environment, water recreational framework

Abstract: The object of this research is the coastal territories of Ladoga Lake, their structure substantiated by the natural-geographical peculiarities, and specificities conditioned by anthropogenic development. The coastline of Ladoga Lake is capable of ecological stabilization of a significant territory, ensure the population of Leningrad Oblast and the Republic of Karelia with a wide variety of recreational functions, and forms of tourism. The dynamic processes of its economic development require the elaboration of new principles and grounds of landscape-recreational organization of coastal areas, creation of typical models for Northwestern Russia. Analysis is conducted on the natural-climatic, historical-cultural and other specific characteristics of the coastal areas of Ladoga Lake, as well as determines their impact upon landscape-recreational organization of coastline. The author also examines the cartographic data and statistical reports, carries out a comparative analysis of environmental indexes in retrospective, as well as systematized data on the spatial-planning system of coastline based on the land use documents. Climatic specificities determine the focus of attention not on the beach recreation, but other types based on the uniqueness and diversity of natural components of the coastline of Ladoga Lake. Integrating into the system of environmental framework, the infrastructure of recreational areas, their transport and pedestrian support alongside specially protected zones, performs an environmental protection function. In order to prevent future destruction of landscape complexes on the coastline of Ladoga Lake, it is essential to establish universal rules and regulation for natural and water resource management. Due to natural and climatic factors, landscape peculiarities and historical-cultural value of Ladoga Lake coastline, one of the fundamental vectors in arrangement of its recreational zones is ecotourism.

Keywords: Ladoga lake, coast, recreational system, landscape and recreational organization, ecological framework, Natural and climatic features, recreation, ecology, city ​​regulation, tourism

Abstract: This article explores the insufficiently studied aspects of centuries-old history of the parks and gardens of Tobolsk – the spiritual center of Siberia. The author determines the key moments in their past, as well as current situation and future development prospects. The first gardens in Tobolsk and its surroundings have appeared in the early XIX century – Yermak Garden, Apothecary Garden, and Alexandrovsky Garden. The history of a number of city gardens is associated with the visits of Imperial Romanov family. For example, in 1837 the crown prince Alexander II of Russia visited Tobolsk, and after his assassination in 1881, the Tobolsk dwellers decided to erect a Chapel and lay out a garden around it, which received a name of “Alexandrovsky Garden”. The established in August 1839 “Yermak Garden” was visited by Nicholas II of Russia in 1891; “Apothecary Garden” is the first city garden, its history is traced since February 1810, when merchant Malkov acquired it form the Grand Duke Meshchersky. Currently, there has been developed the project for its reconstruction, with preservation of the historical image and selection of plants in accordance with their mentioning in the archival materials. For the first time in history, on the territory of West Siberian Plain (within the limits of Tyumen Oblast) is created a Central Siberian Botanical Garden; the botanical gardens in Tyumen and Surgut are also in progress.

Keywords: cultural and historical heritage, green architecture, Yermakovo pole, Botanical Garden, garden renovation, city gardens, city parks, history of gardens of Tobolsk, Tobolsk, landscape design

Abstract: This article is dedicated to determination of the role of natural framework within the structure of airport-related zones of largest cities.  The object of this research is the natural framework of the airport-related zones, while the subject is the forms of their effective use. The work considers the problems of development of the airport-related zones on the example of St. Petersburg Pulkovo Airport, factors of its dynamic urbanization and consequences of the unregulated construction. The author systematized the approaches towards implementation of the principle of environmental sustainability in foreign strategic documents on development of the territories adjacent to airport. The need is substantiated for creation of the universal developments strategy for the territories adjacent to airport, using the natural framework as an important planning element that allows ensuring sustainable development of the near-airport territory. The article determines the roles of natural framework and recommendations on its formation within the near-airport zones of largest cities. It is established that the natural framework consolidated in the complex strategic document of development of the near-airport territory, as well as the territorial planning documents, can manifest as an instrument for creating the balanced and efficient development of territories adjacent to airport.

Keywords: spontaneous development, urbanization, airport-related territories, airport integration, ecological landscape, sustainable development, natural framework, development strategy, Pulkovo, territorial planning

Abstract:   The object of this research is the principle of environmental safety, while the subject is the separate aspects of application of this principle in “green building”. The work analyze the volume and content of the aforementioned concept, as well as the content and volume of the concept of “sustainability”. The author determines the correlation between the environmental safety and sustainability, considers the examples of implementation of the principles of sustainability and environmental safety in urban development and production of construction materials. The author reviews the contribution of national and foreign companies that operate in the national construction market into the creation of “green architecture”. The article takes into account the method of environmental monitoring conducted in the capital metropolis and Moscow Region. One of the key methods is the retrospective analysis of the sources on “green architecture” and publications on the problems of environmentally safe construction. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the issues of biosphere-compatible construction are viewed from the perspective of social needs of the groups of urban population. Another novelty is the research of ecologically safe materials in national practice of erecting the buildings and constructs. The analysis of consequences of implementation of the international environmental standards DGNB into the construction practice for safety purposes has not been previously conducted. The goal of this article lied in filling this gap.  

Keywords: social ecology, construction company, construction, green architecture, security management, environmental safety, architecture, security, Knauf, town

Abstract: This article analyzes the city-development experience of the countries that implemented in practice the principles of ecological urbanism. The object of research is the planning structure and landscape layout of the territory of low-rise residential construction. The author examines the planning methods that conduce the mitigation of anthropogenic effect upon the urban environment. The subject of research is the principles and methods of city-planning organization of territory aimed at formation of the comfortable microclimate of residential housing under the conditions of climate change. The article considers the practical experience of the following countries: United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Great Britain, Netherlands, and Germany. The satellite images of the fragments of urban territories are examined. The author analyzed the normative documentation in the area of urban-environmental approach, as well as the requirements: LID, SuDS, BMPs, SCMs, etc. As a result of scientific work, the author proposed the ways for integration of the ecologically safe landscapes into the structure of low-rise residential construction. The article also suggests the systematization of urban landscape by the types of regulatory practices of the hydrologic cycle: cumulative, absorbing, water-reducing, and directive. The city-planning and architectural components with regards to regulation of the hydrologic cycle of urban landscapes are determined.

Keywords: drainage, water-leaching, absorption, meso-spaces, urban landscape, hydrological cycle, ecological urbanism, ecological framework, ecological landscape, Low Impact Design

Abstract: “Green” architecture receives more and more popularity around the globe. In such case, the metropolises urban development is no exception. There are multiple reasons, among the main ones, is the need for increase of beautification of contemporary urban development, environmentalization of the surroundings by means of forming the additional landscaped spaces. Thus, the established archetype of the environment must undergo transformation. Due to this fact, the typical design of urban development cannot fully meet the modern requirements, because first and foremost, it is oriented towards the increase of urban density.  In the context of forming the objects of “green” architecture, the design (both, architectural planning and engineering technical) is aimed at creating the buildings and constructs that simultaneously meet multiple demands: sustainability, reliability, durability, and environmental constraints. Currently, methods of mass “green” architecture and the corresponding technical base remain underdeveloped, which leads to the need for implementing the individual solutions that will consider the assemblage of all factors. Surface landscaping, exploitation, and beautification of special environment drastically changes the functional-engineering nature of development project, formal and constructive concept of the element of a building, putting them in the position of specific architectural, landscaping, and city-planning objects that demand a full project design. Therefore, formation of the architecture of urban development must take into account the peculiarities of “green” object.

Keywords: green architecture, biodegradable architecture, sustainable building, ecology, defectless structures, habitat, quality of environment, green building, landscaping , modern urban development

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the question of formation of housing development of the Moscow urban environment. The author examines the existing modern archetype of residential construction in the commuter areas, as well as notes the high-density housing with dense population. The principles of construction are viewed from the perspective of their impact upon the ecological characteristics of the environment. The article also analyze the influence of urban greening upon the ecological component of the environment, and thus, touches upon its new type – the “green” building. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the necessity of phyto-ecologization of the living environment through creation of the powerful system of urban greening. However, it seems rather difficult task due to the significant limitation of territorial resource. The article suggests forming a new type of urban greening – the “green” building”.

Keywords: living environment, integrated landscaping, green architecture, green building, quality of environment, urban ecology, suburbanization, phyto-ecologization, horizontal gardening, vertical gardening

Abstract: Based on the analysis of thematic parks of the Russian and foreign experience, the four main planning structures have been determined: “invariant”, universal, super thematic, and flexible. The author analyzes the patterns of the theme parks, amount of objects of demonstration, their location, as well as reviews the principle of building the rout in the parks with hierarchy of the thematic zones and objects of demonstration. Special attention is given to the thematic zoning and breaking the scenario into episodes. The work examines the planning principles that affect the environment of the park, as well as interaction of the planning structure with surrounding landscape. Scenario approach lies in the foundation of a theme park, which represents creation of the timely structure consisting of the objects of demonstrations that are connected between each other by the rout of a park. The main conclusion reflects the interconnection between the theme of the park and its planning structure. The “invariant” structure is common to the parks with fairy-tale and mythological theme; super thematic structure is usually used in the parts with scientific-technical theme; universal and flexible structures are characteristic to the parts with cultural and ethnical theme. The flexible planning structure is most popular for the theme parks.

Keywords: route, scenario approach, hierarchy of exhibited objects, invariant planning structure, universal planning structure, suprematic planning structure, flexible planning structure, thematic zoning, project approaches, theme parks

Abstract: First and foremost, the authors link the relevance of this study with the aggravation of environment, ecological, social, climatic and other issues which are specific to urban areas in the beginning of the XXI century. Not only large cities, but the whole area affected by the devastating impact of technological expansion. Under these conditions, the cooperation of the city authorities with environmentalists to create a comfortable environment is an important factor in solving these problems. However, there are some obstacles associated with the intervention of interest groups that use these problems to solve their short-term political goals. The study used hydrological monitoring data gathered in the regional centers of Moscow region, analyzing media sources, primarily regional newspapers and magazines. The novelty of the method proposed by the authors is based upon the connection of the social and natural aspects of urban area problems analysis. It's possible that the research conducted in the article will become a stepping stone for further research in this new field of social cognition - Social Hydroecology. Creating a comfortable environment is definitely possible with the cooperation between urban authorities and civil society, as far as architectural and planning are concerned.

Keywords: Moscow, Moscow region, beautification, initiative groups, recreational areas, urban environment, ecology, comfort, pollution, hydroecology