Abstract: This article examines the questions of improving the quality of design concepts on construction and reconstruction of roads. The primary subject of this research is the road surface, the quality of which directly affects the convenience and safety of traffic. The author also assesses the effectiveness of the system “subgrade – road surface” in the conditions of cyclical dynamic load from vehicles and temporal variability of the characteristics of soil ground-geological environment. An overview is conducted on the relevant requirements to engineering of road surface and efficiency assessment of design concepts. The author considers the national and foreign experience of road construction, including modern software  solutions. The two key aspects of selection and efficiency assessment of design solutions are formulated. The article describes the concept, algorithm and results of implementation of comprehensive methodology for assessing efficiency of engineering and construction of road surfaces. Detailed analysis is conducted on the stages of mathematical modeling and effectiveness of the system “subgrade – road surface”. An undisputable scientific novelty of this research consists in application of the modern mathematical apparatus, methods and techniques of linear programming, together with the leading company on the development of software for design and construction of roads. The necessity and practical importance of the elaborated concept on efficiency assessment of design concepts is confirmed by implementation into the practice of road construction. The conclusion is made that the application of integrated index of the effectiveness of construction of road surfaces, coupled with software packages for assessing the stress-deformed condition of soil ground-geological systems, allow eliminated the design errors and ensure maximal reliability and safety of roads under construction of reconstruction.

Keywords: stress-strain state, sustainability, strength, mathematical modeling, multivariance, efficiency, traffic safety, road clothes, highway, A complex approach

Abstract: This article examines the questions associates with determination of public interest with regards to development of tramway and trolleybus network in urban space in the context of worsening of technical, technological and organizational-economic characteristics of this type of passenger transportation. The author verifies the hypothesis on the demand for city electric transport within the system of municipal transport and the impact of factors justifying the choice of alternative transport options. An attempt is made to reveal the expectations of Tomsk residents as it pertains to increasing demand and competitiveness of the tramway and trolleybus network. Methodological framework contains the documentary analysis, formalized interview, statistical data processing and logical inductive-deductive conclusion. The new empirical data are obtained on assessment of the demand for electric transport. The main research result lies in determining the stance of Tomsk residents towards preservation and systemic development of the tramway and trolleybus communication; emphasis is made on expansion of the rout network. Among other factors that considerably affect the quality of transportation is the need for practical implementation of the adequate schedule of the city transport. The study is relevant for practical workers engaged in the problems of electric transport, as well as individuals conducting polls on the topic.

Keywords: public transport, motion schedule, population, public interest, transport network, public opinion, sociological research, city electric transport, town, interview

Abstract: Transport is the foundation of modern society; especially its role is noticeable in the conditions of megalopolis. Namely the development of communication means allowed expanding the urban limits, avoiding the population overcrowding, and as an aftermath, unsanitary conditions, shifting towards the era of suburbanization. However, the advancement of continuous-flow production led to the rapid increase in the number of personal vehicles. The collapse in megalopolises is a result of explosive vehicle-to-population ratio, reducing the public transport park, particularly tramways. In fact, human movement on the roads became independent from their objectives, but rather relates to a significant element of chance. The author compares the various conceptual schemes and options of their implementation in terms of establishment of the city transportation systems. The author leans on theory of postmodernism of Jean Baudrillard. The future of urban transport can carry only social character. The priority vector is the toughening of requirements to the vehicles, including the reduction of the entrance areas and development of subways, dual-mode buses, and express tramways. The positive example of Copenhagen and Curitiba, as well as the actions of the Moscow authorities testify to the fact that making a city comfortable, accessible to all social groups, is realistic in the foreseeable future.

Keywords: Megalopolis, Transport, Subway, Bus transport, Jean Baudrillard, Moscow, Transport policy, City of the future, Suburbanization, Comfort

Abstract: This article considers the possibility of creation of the highly urbanized multifunctional hubs of urban framework in small towns through reconstruction of the train stations and adjacent territories. Based on the example of Kinel, town in Samara Region, the author determines the architectural prerequisites for carrying out such reconstruction. The established urban culture contains the three spatial elements: railroad complex (train station, bus station and other transport infrastructure), personal social services (shopping facilities) and communication system (pedestrian bridge). Collection of information for this study was conducted via surveying the local population, using the method of individual questionnaire; processing and analysis of empirical data – using computer software. The article presents the results of the applied architectural-sociological study and their impact upon the architectural arrangement of functional process of reconstructed urban environment. The author underlines the development prospects of the train station territory with the possibility of preserving the historically formed public spaces and existing demands of the local population.

Keywords: highly urbanized multifunctional hub, reconstruction, train station, functional program, object of cultural heritage , public space, urban environment, small town, multifunctional bridge, architectural and sociological research

Abstract: The subject of this research is the development of the municipal passenger transportation, without a proper functionality of which the modern city cannot exist. In the XX century the competition between the automobile and the public transportation gas grown; this first caused reduction in the intraurban transportation by bus, trolleybus, and tramway in the Western countries, and later in Russia. Such phenomenon appeared to be sudden for both categories, people in power, as well as specialists. The author examines the change of paradigms in dichotomy automobile – land transportation, pointing out the delay in the automobilization processes in Russia. Special attention is given to the questions of development of the municipal electric transportation, particularly the tramway. The author’s main contribution consists in the necessity of the urgent development of the public electric transportation in large and medium sized cities of Russia, specifically tramway, trolley bus, and the system of urban electric trains. It will allow improving not only the territorial accessibility, but also realize the environmental requirements essential for the modern city.

Keywords: rail transport, urban environment, availability, competition, automobilization , municipal transportation, Russia, foreign experience, regularity, comfort

Abstract: The development of airfield complexes in northern cities is a necessary condition for forming a universal territorial space of Russian Federation. The strategic tasks of exploring the Russian part of the Arctic region define the high priority of this vector. However, a return to strategic planning principles for regional development demands efficient mechanisms for their implementation, while taking into account the institutional changes in the economy's structure. As this research suggests, among the major problems, the issues of modernization of airfield complexes located within city borders stand out. By the example of the Republic of Komi, the author examines the regional aspects if airline deregulation. Basing on the method of institutional analysis, the author elaborates on the necessity of further examining the concepts of transport accessibility and security, taking into account the trends in their institutionalization at the present time. The use of methodology of institutional systemic synthesis allows to envision the indicators that characterize sectoral security as institutional criteria for defining the national priorities of development. The stated approach may be employed when forming regional polycentric systems of transport infrastructure object placement. Attention is drawn to the role of airfield complexes in ensuring economic security and in ongoing urbanization of the Russian North.

Keywords: northern cities, air transport, transport accessibility, territorial development, institutional criteria, Republic of Komi, Arctic, strategic planning, airfield complexes, econmic security