Abstract: The object of the study is the development of the Moscow Metro transport system in terms of the inclusion of two new elements in its structure: the Big Circle Line and the Moscow Central Circle. The subject of the study is the process of optimizing the passenger flow of the Moscow Metro, which is revealed by comparing the Big Circle Line and the Moscow Central Circle. The analysis was carried out on four aspects: a comparative description of the history of the development of the two projects, a comparison of the main parameters of the Great Ring Line of the metro and the Moscow Central Ring, a comparative analysis of the location of these two lines in Moscow, a comparison of transfer hubs on the Great Ring Line of the metro and on the Moscow Central Ring. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of two implemented projects (MCC and BCL) with the identification of the pros and cons of these projects both separately and in comparison. The following methods were used: statistical, comparative-geographical, analytical, cartographic. The study showed that both ring lines reduced the travel time of passengers, relieved the ring and radial metro lines. A significant number of Moscow residents received metro stations within walking distance. At the same time, the Big Ring Metro Line is a more successfully implemented project than the Moscow Central Ring. The Bolshaya Koltsevaya Metro Line is used daily by more passengers than the Moscow Central Ring. However, the MCC, in addition to its direct transport functions, also has great educational significance, being at the same time an excursion route through two epochs of the Moscow railway ring – the beginning of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries.

Keywords: educational excursion, location of BKL stations, location of MCC stations, transfer hubs, number of stations, Moscow diameters, Moscow subway, Moscow transport, Moscow Central Circle, Big Circle Line

Abstract: Modern urban development strategies are aimed at rationalizing land use, which leads to the search for inefficiently used territories, which include industrial conversion heritage - sites of liquidated production enterprises, modernized transport hubs. The object of the study is industrial fringe belts as a structural component of the city plan. The author considers the processes of formation of industrial fringe belts as a result of natural urban growth and their transformation in the dynamics of the development of a modern city. The analysis of the formation of industrial fringe belts in the planning structure of domestic and foreign cities is carried out. The international experience and legislative aspects of reconstruction of industrial and conversion heritage in the structure of a modern city are considered. The study summarizes theoretical views on the degraded industrial conversion territories. The main directions of transformation of industrial and conversion heritage in the structure of fringe belts are presented. Depending on the availability of valuable buildings and the size of the site, reconstruction may involve both the introduction of a new function with the preservation of architectural volume, and the total demolition of the existing buildings and the formation of a new spatial solution. The functional and spatial features of the fringe belt sites are described. The necessity of identifying the sites of industrial fringe belts as a single interconnected system for a more comprehensive assessment of the potential for the transformation of industrial-conversion territories is substantiated.

Keywords: rationalization of land use, urban planning, urban planning structure, theory and practice, modern city, urban heritage, urban morphology, reconstruction, industrial-conversion territories, urban fringe belts

Abstract: The relevance of the topic of the work is determined by the fact that citizens' perception of their city is the basis of their daily behavior and all life activities. This means that the image of the city formed in the minds of residents is one of the important factors of its socio-cultural development. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the perception of the city and to determine the significance of the image of the city for its socio-cultural development. The main subject of the study is the image of the city of Orenburg, considered from the perspective of psychogeography. The theoretical basis of the work was the work of Western and domestic authors exploring various aspects of the problem of perception of the city: K. Lynch, V. L. Glazychev, P. Golderberger, S. U. Goldhagen, A. E. Gutnov, S. V. Pirogov, G. I. Revzin, R. Sennet, K. Ellard, etc. The work is interdisciplinary in nature, which requires a combination of phenomenological and psychogeographic approaches aimed at studying the perception of the city by its inhabitants. The author proves that the image of the city of Orenburg is multifaceted and dynamic. In pre–revolutionary history, Orenburg is an outpost of Russia, the "gateway to Asia", a place of exile for politically unreliable citizens; in the Soviet period, it was the capital of Kazakhstan, the city of labor glory. Today Orenburg appears in the minds of its residents as a cozy and quiet provincial city with a rich historical past and unique culture. However, through the unkemptness and abandonment of the outlying areas, the global shape of the city emerges in it, making one city indistinguishable from another. The feeling of the unique atmosphere of the city, concentrated in its historical center, is rapidly disappearing under the onslaught of modernization, motorization, modern urban planning. Such a "polyphony" of urban spaces puts on the agenda the issue of preserving the historical appearance and identity of the city. Making the city an object of love and pride is today the main task of the authorities and residents of the city, on the solution of which its future depends.

Keywords: places of reverence, places of anxiety, places of passion, places of love, psychogeography, perception of the city, phenomenological approach, image of the city, city, places of boredom

Abstract: This article demonstrates that Irkutsk, being a historical city of the Russian Federation and oriented towards the development of tourism, has a number of unresolved issues associated with typonymy. Such questions are often discussed at different levels – from the local mass media to city administration. Toponyms in the city of Irkutsk can be generally characterized as the reflection of a strong print of the previous government regime, whether or not it corresponds with the historical image and preserved historical heritage. The described situation creates problems on the path of establishment of the historically factored image of a city, necessary for the harmonious comprehension of city and in the context of plans for the advancement of tourism. The work carries an interdisciplinary character, and is depicted through socio-political and historical-cultural approach within the framework of the problem of typonymy and city image. The socio-political approach is reflected in examination of the problem through the prism of influence of political views of the citizens alongside the political situation in a particular case of study; while the historical-cultural approach implies a complex examination of such historical segment, which significantly affected the cultural development of symbols of the city of Irkutsk. At the same time, takes place the symbolic construction of territorial identity of Irkutsk residents through the previous, current, and future names of the streets and squares of Irkutsk. Despite the opinion of the supporters of typonomic restoration, the primary task in popularization of such idea among the city residents must consist not in the explanatory work about the value and following advantages, but rather debunking of myths and delusions pertaining to the expenses that are the main stumbling block in this question. However, the author underlines that at the present time, mass media covers the information on toponymic restoration of the cults quite inappropriately, which escalates the associated with it deceptions in the society. Due to this fact, the initiators of toponymic restoration must provide adequate information to the population, as well as mass media; otherwise, the process of information distribution to population can receive a low level of trust.

Keywords: social development, urban identity, toponymy, development management, ideology, Identity, territory, everyday life, streets, city

Abstract: The subject of this research is the metaphorical nature of ravines as a distinct element of Bryansk’s natural landscape and the conceptual constant of Bryansk text. Special attention is focused on the decoding of the hidden cultural meanings realized within the framework of spatial oppositions “top-bottom” and “periphery-center”, in which there is a clear manifestation of a ravine as a capacious symbol of border and attribute of the bottom level of earthly vertical. Academic interests lies in determination of the role of these natural dominants in revelation of the fundamental idea of Bryansk text – antiquity of topos that sealed its fate, image, and purpose. For understanding of the semantics of its cultural landscape along with the ideological-conceptual wealth of a cultural text, the author applies a metaphor. The article represents a first attempt to interpret the natural landscape of Bryansk as a metaphor that generated the cultural meanings. The author concludes that the ravines define the distinctness of natural landscape of Bryansk, and as a result, substantiate the specificity of Bryansk text. As an important element of Bryansk’s landscape, the ravines contain the information about a peculiar geopolitical location of the city, history of its origin, and dynamics of growth. Identification of metaphorical meanings of the ravines allowed concluding about their ambivalent nature, which indicated the dialectical unity of the opposites in Bryansk character, as well as predetermined the wealth of creative potential of the Bryansk cultural space.

Keywords: ravines, city, peripherals, Bryansk, Bryansk text, metaphor, landscape, opposition, border, nature

Abstract: The object of research is urban space Kazakh industrial city Zhanatas, appeared on the map of the Soviet Union in the 1960s of the last century and became one of the largest centres of extraction of phosphorite ore and production of the mineral and chemical raw materials.The authors pay special attention to the study of the transformation of the urban space, which is an illustration of the complex of geo-political, socio-economic, geoecological, historical, demographic and migration processes in Kazakhstan abroad XX-XXI centuries.The authors of the report focus on the evolution of the urban landscape that has experienced special aspects of rapid industrial development and the destructive processes of nature and became an arena of new industrialization.The methodological basis of the study is the aggregation of Earth sciences methods - field work route, geoinformation mapping and thematic interpretation with geo-ecology and environmental history methods, which allows you to make the tools of modern urbanity base more effectively.Particular attention is paid to the role of multiple crises of the 1990s in the evolution of cities and urban environmental management that affected the comfort of the population living in an urban environment.In the study, the authors come to conclusions about the complex mechanism of the transformation of urban space, urban system conditions of adaptation to the social and economic reality and the process of searching of effective urban environmental management instruments.

Keywords: urban environmental management, space transformation, urban environment, urban landscape, Zhanatas, industrial city, comfort of the population living, Kazakhstan, urban planning, geo-ecological problems

Abstract: In this paper, the author analyzes the provisions of the "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities" adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2006, as well as the prominent international legal obligations of the participating countries to ensure accessibility for mobility-impaired citizens, and the provisions of legal acts of the Russian Federation as a U.N. Convention country, regarding accessibility on the background of modern urban development and social welfare. The author examines the concepts of "accessible environment", "barrier-free environment", "universal design", their social function and the consequences of their implementation. The author uses the following methods of research: analysis of the Russian and foreign legislation and a theoretical analysis of the Russian and foreign scientific literature. The main conclusions of this work are focused on the importance of universal design principles is much wider accessible environment that can meet the needs of more people. Another important conclusion is that the creation of an accessible environment provides the realization of human rights for a group of citizens with limited mobility, allowing them to use the services, to acquire goods, attend the institutions, and can solve multiple issues regarding access to education and employment.

Keywords: citizens' rights, a modern city, urban environment, disability, barrier-free environment, accessible environment, social protection, international law, universal design, disability rights