Citations count: 8
Reference:
Khusyainov T.M. —
Where do the university students reside? (On the example of N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University)
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 3.
– P. 11 - 16.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.3.17123 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17123
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Abstract:
This work examines the question of where and with whom do the students of N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University reside. The conditions of where and with whom the university students live during the education process in many aspects depend of their financial situation, where they resided before, and a number of other factors. Within the framework of this research, we will underline the gender, geographical, age, and financial aspects. The data acquired during surveying the students of Nizhny Novgorod State University in spring of 2015 (N-688) is implemented in this work. As the result of this research, based on the empirical data, the author determined the main options of the students’ place of residence. The author makes an attempt of interpretation of the acquired results referring to the economic status and gender differences. The examination of the living conditions of the students can give new information for better understanding of this specific socio-demographical group.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Gorelova Y.R. —
City as a concept and a visual artistic image
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 74 - 89.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.24086 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24086
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Abstract:
This article portrays city as a certain mental construct, cluster of ideas, as well as analyses the essential features of a city, which allow identifying the distinctness of such fragment of reality in people's perception. The author analyzes the connection between the terms of "concept" and "image", considering their interaction at the level of essence and structure. Particular attention is paid to the specificity of artistic image as a special type of imagery, along with the images of everyday perception, official images, and others. At the same time, prioritized attention is given to the specificity of artistic imagery of the city captured in the visual arts. The author reveals the dynamics of the key trends in reflecting a city as a concept in the works of artists of various eras. Peculiar for this study became the imposition of subject areas of a city as a concept (as a term, mental construct) and methods of working with visual sources, namely the analysis of visual "texts" in form of the urban landscapes (the author compiled 843 city landscapes). A link is established between the term of "city" and the spectrum of qualities, characteristics and associations that stand behind it and form the perception of such fragment of reality. Analyzing the connection between the terms of "concept" and "image", the author concludes that the image and the concept have a similar structure (centered core, following by concentric layers in proportion to weakening of characteristic and decrease of its importance and awareness in the consciousness of recipients). However, the term of "image" is broader, filled with visual and emotional components. The concept is more focused on the category of essential and typical features, as well as familiar meanings. Describing the specificity of artistic image, the author notes that it is related to specificity of the sphere of art, which distinctness manifests in subjectivity and emotionality of perception and presentation. The author determines the range of basic characteristics included in the concept of "city" that allow singling out the specific perception of this fragment within the framework of artistic imagery reproduced in works of art.
Citations count: 4
Reference:
Zazulya V.S. —
Ecological comfort and public spaces
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 3.
– P. 75 - 90.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.3.31732 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31732
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Abstract:
The key factors influencing psychological and physiological comfort of urban residents include the level of environmental quality, presence of green spaces, connection between man and nature. The increase in urban density makes the creation of ecological comfort zones especially relevant. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of formation of such zone within the structure of public spaces, taking into account the current requirements to the quality of urban environment. The author highlights special significance of public spaces as one of the key object for creation of ecological comfort zones; as well as examines the key problems in formation of public spaces on the background of dynamic urban development. Clarification is given to the definition of the concept of “ecological comfort in accordance with the basic parameters. The author substantiates the role of public spaces as the important areas in improvement of the quality of life in a modern city. Having analyzed the modern approaches and trends in designing a comfortable urban environment, the author makes proposals on the formation and modernization of ecological comfort zones within the structure of public spaces, as well as systematizes most relevant requirements to determine promising vectors in designing such objects.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Vorobeva M. —
Project approaches towards the organization of theme parks
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 1.
– P. 11 - 23.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.22057 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22057
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Abstract:
Based on the analysis of thematic parks of the Russian and foreign experience, the four main planning structures have been determined: “invariant”, universal, super thematic, and flexible. The author analyzes the patterns of the theme parks, amount of objects of demonstration, their location, as well as reviews the principle of building the rout in the parks with hierarchy of the thematic zones and objects of demonstration. Special attention is given to the thematic zoning and breaking the scenario into episodes. The work examines the planning principles that affect the environment of the park, as well as interaction of the planning structure with surrounding landscape. Scenario approach lies in the foundation of a theme park, which represents creation of the timely structure consisting of the objects of demonstrations that are connected between each other by the rout of a park. The main conclusion reflects the interconnection between the theme of the park and its planning structure. The “invariant” structure is common to the parks with fairy-tale and mythological theme; super thematic structure is usually used in the parts with scientific-technical theme; universal and flexible structures are characteristic to the parts with cultural and ethnical theme. The flexible planning structure is most popular for the theme parks.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Sadkovskaya O. —
Technologies of ecological urbanism as a response to the consequences of climate change
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 2.
– P. 98 - 122.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.2.25641 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25641
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Abstract:
This article analyzes the city-development experience of the countries that implemented in practice the principles of ecological urbanism. The object of research is the planning structure and landscape layout of the territory of low-rise residential construction. The author examines the planning methods that conduce the mitigation of anthropogenic effect upon the urban environment. The subject of research is the principles and methods of city-planning organization of territory aimed at formation of the comfortable microclimate of residential housing under the conditions of climate change. The article considers the practical experience of the following countries: United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Great Britain, Netherlands, and Germany. The satellite images of the fragments of urban territories are examined. The author analyzed the normative documentation in the area of urban-environmental approach, as well as the requirements: LID, SuDS, BMPs, SCMs, etc. As a result of scientific work, the author proposed the ways for integration of the ecologically safe landscapes into the structure of low-rise residential construction. The article also suggests the systematization of urban landscape by the types of regulatory practices of the hydrologic cycle: cumulative, absorbing, water-reducing, and directive. The city-planning and architectural components with regards to regulation of the hydrologic cycle of urban landscapes are determined.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Zazulya V.S. —
Problems and trends in the development of public spaces: Russian and foreign experience
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 1.
– P. 56 - 72.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.1.34516 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34516
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Abstract:
In modern world, the problems of formation of the quality urban environment are brought to the forefront in megalopolises, small cities, and urban localities. In the conditions of rapid urbanization and expanding urban population, the public spaces are becoming an important element of the city planning system, foundation for the formation of urban environment, reflection of the level of cultural and social life. The design of comfortable public urban spaces consists not only in the functional and technical nuances, which determine the components of this environment, but also in conceptual designation of the space. The tasks of comprehensive approach in creation and modernization of the new and existing public spaces gain priority. The article is dedicated to theoretical analysis of the problematic, patterns and relevant trends in formation and modernization of public urban spaces on the example of Russian and foreign experience. The analysis of this question allows formulating the key principles and conditions for formation and development of the efficient system of urban public spaces. The object of this article is the environment of public urban spaces under various urban planning conditions. The subject of this article is the peculiarities and trends in the formation of urban public spaces. The goal consists in determination of the factors, conditions, functions, specificity, and patterns that impact the formation of the environment of urban public spaces.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Pavlova I.D. —
Spatial multi-criteria assessment of road network as a method of determining the level of comfort of the bicycle ride
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 2.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.2.25302 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25302
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Abstract:
This article examines the method of spatial multi-criteria assessment of road network for determining the qualitative index of the level of comfort of bicycle ride in urban environment within the framework of development of city-planning information system of designing the urban cycling transport infrastructure. The object of research is the urban environment from the perspective of bike riders’ needs. The subject is the principles of establishment of cycling transport infrastructure, the importance of each principle for the users. The author suggest the use of geoinformation systems for the comprehensive assessment of the existing situation and further formulation of city-planning propositions. The segments of road network should be assessed in accordance with the following criteria: safety, alignment, provision of amenities, functional saturation, connectedness, correlation with traffic infrastructure, and correlation with natural carcass. For determination of the level of importance of each criterion, the author uses the results of author’s sociological survey among the active bike riders. The author introduces the concept of the bike ride’s comfort level coefficient based on assessment of the segments of road network on the determined criteria and rating of each criteria. The high-grade correlation between the results and the data about the activeness of bicycle traffic is revealed. Based on the results of the research, the author arranges the chart of the bicycle ride’s level of comfort that is proposed within the framework of city-planning information system of the designing of urban cycling transport infrastructure.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Zhabina S.A. —
Social and economic aspects of creating confortable environment, at the example of minor towns of Moscow region
// Urban Studies.
– 2014. – № 2.
– P. 25 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.2.13352 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13352
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Abstract:
The problem of creating a clean, biosphere-compatible urban environment is currently one of the major issues for our society. Its importance is dictated by the multivectoral nature of modern megapolys development, which, in turn, becomes a stimulus for a transition from a technocratic model of urban planning to a biosphere-compatible one. However, the results of the current urban planning process appears ambiguous: by limiting industry development in some cases, the urban planners make other, no less serious problems, even worse. Because of this, the author believes that it is necessary to analyze the current situation in cities, to analyze the dynamics of environmentalist movements that are currently fashionable due to the modern social and political paradigms, to evaluate their potential good and harm. Case study is the main method of analysis in this work. The cases are analyzed for modern ecourban trends, deindustrialization, advertisement business regulations, ecologization, comprehensive planning, legal regulation of nuclear industry, interactions between environment movements and business. This work also employs traditional general scientific methods of inductive generalization of facts and deductive application of the generalizations generated, for the sake of identifying patterns in the dynamics of urban life. The author draws attention to the inconsistency of statements issued in the architecture and environment planning of modern cities, to the crises that we need to overcome for the sake of our civilization. The author points out the dysfunction of modern environmentalist movements - they are too political. And it becomes a reason for conflict situations and interferes with constructive dialog between the civil society and the Federal and municipal authorities (Selyatin and Khimki forest protection movements come to mind).
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Zhabina S.A. —
Moscow and St. Petersburg, reflected in Solzhenitsin's work
// Urban Studies.
– 2014. – № 4.
– P. 1 - 7.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.4.13637 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13637
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Abstract:
Forming a cultural image of the two Russian capitals is a recent and important challenge. Historical collisions that resulted in Moscow and St. Petersburg being brought apart were the basis for the forming of two major paradigms in history, which reflected the complexity and ambiguity of Russia's path in history. This is why we see a dichotomy in the image of the two capitals in A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s creative work, as well as its emerging depth and dialectic nature. Nostalgic images of pre-Revolution Moscow, as evident on the pages of the "Red Wheel" are replaced by political metaphor which became the main stylistic technique of works devoted to Stalin-era Russia. The main method of this research is the analysis of text meaning from the perspective of social and cultural context. The author explores an area that few ever touched upon, as far as A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s work is concerned, as he analyzes the cities not as mere historical setting, but rather as full actors on the stage of the great author's books. A city is presented as a collective actor, an animate being which actively impacts the lives of the main characters.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Koptseva N.P., Sertakova E.A. —
The sum of methods of modern urban anthropology
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 2.
– P. 40 - 53.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.2.16354 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16354
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Abstract:
The subject of this article are the capabilities of urbanistic anthropology in terms of modern cultural studies. This article considers the problem of effective methodology of contemporary urban studies. Currently, to obtain reliable results in scientific research, it is not enough to use just one method or follow the principles of only one scientific discipline. The most reliable results in urban studies can be obtained by using specific methodological strategies. Methodological strategy of urban anthropology is the specific combination of theoretical and applied research methods. Based on the concepts of city A. Lefebvre the authors developed an integrative methodological strategy for the study of urban space. The modern city is a complex space of social communication. Various objects of city are representative of complex symbolic structures. The content of the symbols of the city can be analyzed through the analysis of representatives, including architectural monuments.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Pryadko I.P. —
Biosphere and environmental security in Moscow and Moscow Region: current state and prospects
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 38 - 51.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.23036 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23036
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the environmental conditions of a modern city dweller, while the subject is the measures taken in the cities of Moscow Region and European part of Russia on ensuring the environmental and social security throughout urbanized territories. The article discusses the questions of establishment of biosphere-compatible architecturally designed space in the city. The events hosting by municipalities of Moscow Region (besides the capital metropolis, the article names Mytishchi and Sergiyev Posad) on formation of comfort environment for their residents. The scientific novelty consists in the reference to the innovative ideas of a British sociologist and historian of urban culture – Leo Hollis, as well as the conclusions of Charles Landry. Particularly, the creation of biosphere-compatible secure space subordinates to the ability of urban communities to self-education. Another new aspect lies in the complex character of posing and resolution of the tasks of contemporary urbanism, which is underlines in the works of Hollis, Lenadrt, and Baudrillard. Thus, the notion of “environmental security” is interpreted extensively, taking into account the social adjustment of an individual to city life.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Engel'gardt A.E., Lipovka A.Y., Fedchenko I.G. —
International experience of indexation of the quality of urban environment
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 4.
– P. 77 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.4.27886 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27886
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the analysis of international experience of indexation of the quality of urban environment base on rating. The analysis is conducted on the models of assessment of quality of life, which present methods for transferring the “quality” criteria into digital values. The integral method of indexation is carefully examined. The article employs materials from the leading practiced of indexation of quality in urban environment. The authors analyze the definition of criteria of objective quality assessment in urban environment to form city ratings. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the signing of decree by the Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector of the Russian Federation of October 31, 2017 No. 1494/pr “On Approval of the Methodology for Determining the Quality Index of the Urban Environment of Municipalities of the Russian Federation”. Additionally, the categories of “quality of life” and “living standards” comprise an extensive and multi-aspect definition in interdisciplinary research, which should be reflected in definition of the indicators of quality indexation in urban environment of municipal formations. Among the key conclusion of this study is the determination of generalized criteria for indexation of quality of urban environment. A conclusion is made that the indexation system allows seeing the overall picture of the condition of quality of the environment of large and small cities, and carries generalized character in formation of city ratings, while systemic monitoring of the quality of urban environment of planning uniting within municipal formations is absent.
Citations count: 3
Reference:
Borisova Y.V. —
Image of a city as a development strategy (on the example of Irkutsk)
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 3.
– P. 81 - 92.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.3.24017 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24017
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Abstract:
The object of this article is the theoretical formulations of the Russian scholars dedicated to the study of image of a city within the national discourse, marking the main spheres, forms, and methods of examination of the cities. The work provides the results of the authorial empirical study of the image of Irkutsk, structured upon the perception of the city dwellers of high, medium, and low level of satisfaction with the city, urban semiotics, and space. The author traces the emotional state of each of the highlighted groups, as well as analyzes the trans-symbolic peculiarities of perception of the image of Irkutsk through the affective, cognitive, and activity essences, which the residents put in the image itself. The research applies the method of survey, which involved 1800 residents of Irkutsk, 55% of women and 45% of men, from 18 to 75 years of age. The level of education varied: secondary education – 10%; vocational education – 15%; higher education – 55%; post-graduate degree – 20%. The conclusion is made on the establishment of the city image of Irkutsk for the government authorities and its residents. The main vectors of the positive image of Irkutsk are based on harmonious development policy of the city's infrastructure, sociocultural and ecological traditions, combined with the advancement of innovation forms of production. The final thesis is reduced to the fact that the future of Irkutsk is being formed in the present.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Antonova A.A. —
Classification of public space in modern urban culture
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 3.
– P. 74 - 80.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.3.24020 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24020
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the detection of new forms of the urban public spaces that play a role of self-determination and identification for a modern city dweller. The article attempt to classify the aforementioned norms. For realization of this goal, the author defined the fundamental elements of social sphere, the presence of which encourages the emergence and development of the public urban spaces. The work reviews the contemporary concepts of examination of the urban space from the perspective of globalization processes, “fluidity” and “mobility” of the modern world and society. Relevance of this research lies in the ability to conceptualize the processing taking place in modern urban space. In order to explain the transformations of urban public spaces, the author synthesizes the classical concepts of publicity, methodology of “mobile sociology”, and theory of the “third place” that resulted in a comprehensive study of the object. The suggested methodological scheme can be applied in analyzing the public spaces of any city. The article is first to discuss the establishment of new urban culture in the context of spatial transformations.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Veretennikova K.V., Vilenskii M.Y. —
The dynamics of spatial development of the airport environs of Russia’s largest cities
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 1.
– P. 44 - 57.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.1.28780 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28780
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the urbanization dynamics of territories around the international airports of Russia’s largest cities over the period from 2000 to 2018. Airports become the centers of urbanization, having a significant influence upon the development of adjacent areas. The authors introduce the concept of the “airport environ”. The goal of this work lies in determination of the groups of airport environs with similar attributes of the ongoing urbanization processes that allow forecasting their future development. The parameters defining the development of airport environs were subdivided into the following factors: city, airport, and airport environ itself. Using the method of hierarchical cluster analysis, the airports and surrounding territories were grouped by the set of parameters that correspond with the three elements of consideration. The authors determine the spatial characteristics of the formation of airport environs and distribution of functions within their limits over the indicated timeframe; as well as suggest classification of the airport environs of Russia’s largest cities in accordance with their urbanization level. The article also examines the trends in evolution of the airport adjacent territories based on the stages of their spatial and functional development.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kolobaev S.A. —
Professional risks of career-building in a megalopolis
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 4.
– P. 33 - 48.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.4.17074 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17074
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Abstract:
The object of research is the career-building phenomenon. The subject of this article are the professional risks of career-building in a megapolis. The author offers a panoramic view on the possible threats and disks of career building in light of the negative impact of urban factors. The author explains toe failures of career and professional development under the influence of a system of factors. The risks, failures, and professional plains are explained in connection with psychological, akmeological, social, economic and other factors. The city landscape factors is given spotlighting the akmeological environment being modeled, and the establishment of psychological help by businesses in order to help employees is being accented. The author illuminates the issue of professional marginalism that plays a leading role in the forming of career-building risks. An analysis of the interaction of safety of career-building and professional self-realization, the methods and ways of career-building is offered as a system, regardless of profession type. The methods of research include observation, analysis, job market monitoring, thought experiment, reconstruction of theoretical material, the methods of comparison, control of conclusions. The relevance of this work is enhanced in the time of economic and geopolitical crises. In light of a relatively unstable social status of many professions, a large number of activities and jobs are devalued, and thus need radical rethinking in order to be correctly inserted into career chains. The novelty of this work is based on the focused analysis of risks of professional breakdowns and career-building in urban environment, affected by objective factors such as marginalism and city landscape, psychological and emotional state of the employee, social processes in social institutes.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Dubrovina N.P. —
Palaces of Culture in Leningrad. Problems of maintenance and preservation
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 3.
– P. 7 - 17.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.30075 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30075
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the Palaces of Culture in Leningrad built in the 1920’s – 1930’s. Among all object the author highlights the separate newly built extant Palaces of Culture in the style of constructivism, which are the monuments of cultural heritage. The subject of this research is the questions of state protection of the indicated objects and their maintenance. The article examines the existing conservation zones and territories of the cultural heritage sites; current state of the Palaces of Culture; problems of maintenance; and questions of modern functional profile of the buildings. The author studied the literary sources, analyzed iconographic materials and existing regulatory documents in the area of preservation of architectural heritage, conducted visual observation. The goal of this research lies in determining the current state of the Palaces of Culture in Leningrad of the early XX century alongside the key issues pertinent to state protection of the objects. The results may be valuable for comprising preservation orders for architectural heritage of the XX century, as well as development of restoration and reconstruction projects of the monuments of constructivism. The author concludes on the flawed system of state preservation of the cultural heritage of the XX century, and makes recommendation with regards to its solution.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Pryadko I.P. —
Green architecture as a factor of environmental safety of the urbanized territories: Russian and foreign experience
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 2.
– P. 87 - 97.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.2.24737 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24737
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the principle of environmental safety, while the subject is the separate aspects of application of this principle in “green building”. The work analyze the volume and content of the aforementioned concept, as well as the content and volume of the concept of “sustainability”. The author determines the correlation between the environmental safety and sustainability, considers the examples of implementation of the principles of sustainability and environmental safety in urban development and production of construction materials. The author reviews the contribution of national and foreign companies that operate in the national construction market into the creation of “green architecture”. The article takes into account the method of environmental monitoring conducted in the capital metropolis and Moscow Region. One of the key methods is the retrospective analysis of the sources on “green architecture” and publications on the problems of environmentally safe construction. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the issues of biosphere-compatible construction are viewed from the perspective of social needs of the groups of urban population. Another novelty is the research of ecologically safe materials in national practice of erecting the buildings and constructs. The analysis of consequences of implementation of the international environmental standards DGNB into the construction practice for safety purposes has not been previously conducted. The goal of this article lied in filling this gap.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Zakharova E.E. —
Social spaces as a new vector of sociocultural development of the territory
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 59 - 65.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.25727 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25727
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Abstract:
In modern metropolises, there is an entire spectrum of open spaces, which includes city squares, parks, river walks, naturally formed landscapes, curtilage in residential developments, and others. Often their appearance contributes not only to sociocultural, but economic development of the territory as well. Social space is an incubator of urban development, assigned with an important role in establishment of the holistic sociocultural structure of the city that ensures relevance of the selected topic, which subject is the public territories. The author examines the link between the sociocultural development of the territory and social space as a new vector of its development, using the methods of theoretical analysis of the scientific-methodological literature and open Internet sources for the extensive coverage of the question at hand, as well as the methods of comparison, analogy, and generalization. The scientific novelty consists in introducing characteristics to the concepts of social and cultural spaces, as well as analyzing the project practices of formation of the social spaces, implemented within the framework of national project of the Strategic Initiatives Agency “Far from the Capitals”. The presented in the article analysis of formation of the experimental open platforms allows concluding that the social spaces are capable of making changes in life of the city, which requires the search for the new ways and methods for their creation, preservation, and modernization.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Breslavskii A.S. —
Urbanization in the republics of Southern Siberia: the dynamics of key parameters (1989-2019)
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 1.
– P. 58 - 67.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.1.29217 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29217
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Abstract:
This article presents the results of data statistical analysis on the three key parameters of urbanization in the four republics of Southern Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Tuva, and Khakassia) over the period from 1989 to the beginning of 2019. The author demonstrates the influence of socioeconomic and administrative reforms upon the changes in the overall size of urban population, its ratio within the population composition of the republics, as well as the transformation of the structure of urban settlements in the indicated regions over the last 30 years. The research leans on the analysis of the official data of Soviet census of 1989, pan-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2019, and results of the annual statistical observations arranged by Rosstat and its regional divisions in 1990-2018. The materials were acquired and clarified during the author’s scientific expedition to Altai, Buryatia, Tuva, and Khakassia republics in September-October of 2019. In the course of the expedition, the author explored the processes of demographic and territorial growth of the capital cities (Abakan, Gorno-Altaysk, Kyzyl, Ulan-Ude) and their suburban areas. The following conclusions were made: in 1990-2019, urbanization processes in the republics of Southern Siberia captured mostly the capital cities and their suburban areas, while the small cities and urban-type localities for the most part have lost their potential for the sustainable industrial and territorial development.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Bozhok N.S. —
Cultural identity of urban communities of the historical reenactors
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 3.
– P. 18 - 27.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.29882 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29882
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the cultural identity of urban communities of the historical reenactors. The subject of the author’s scientific interest is the mechanisms and practices substantiating the specificity of positive cultural identity of the communities, united within the framework of the historical reenactment movement. The article examines the dominant trends in the development of modern reenactment movement: trend towards the fragmentation of movement and complication of the structure of collective identity, and intention towards unity. Special attention is given to the identification of mechanisms that allow retaining and maintaining balance between the processes of differentiation and integration of reenactment movement. Methodologically, the author’s understanding of the specificity of collective identity of the historical reenactors is based on the theoretical ideas of H. Blumer, N. Smelser and P. Sztompka, as well as the theory of new social movements that focus attention on their sociocultural dimension. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to comprehensively analyze cultural components of the collective identity of the historical reenactment movement; as well as determine its structural components, mechanism and characteristic attributes. It is substantiated that under the influence of the modern global trends, cultural identity of reenactors along with the basic components attaints the new ones that contribute to the expansion of cultural-historical mobility and cohesion of reenactment movement.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A. —
A city for living: the main ingredients
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 1.
– P. 1 - 9.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.1.16035 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16035
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Abstract:
Every year, people's demands towards urban space grow more and more. However, many megacities represent a concentration of career aspirations and criminal activity on behalf of the population. On one hand, the city offers maximum return on one's labour, on the other - criminal risks are higher, transport and housing problems take away from the comfort of life. A megacity is becoming a foreign object on the planet. At the example of large cities - Moscow in particular, the author demonstrates leading trends in favourable habitat development. This article is written, based on a critical, dialectic and hermeneutic methods. The author analyzes the sources of urban habitat development. In practice, the perfect city is a utopic concept, because the views and opinions vary per individual. At the same time, an organized space should be based on the following elements: aesthetically favourable habitat, connection with the environment, transport accessibility. To achieve those goals, constant cooperation between the citizens and the authorities is necessary.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Fomina E.V., Barsukova N.I. —
Multilevel open urban spaces: current trends
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 4.
– P. 20 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.4.38355 EDN: PFDIDI URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38355
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Abstract:
The object of the study is multilevel open urban spaces. The subject of this study is the general principles and design techniques of the organization of the subject–spatial environment of multilevel spaces. The article analyzes and systematizes a large project material devoted to new global trends in the organization of multi-level open public spaces. For the first time, a comprehensive overview of their conceptual varieties and compositional features is given. Design techniques aimed at the formation of multilevelness in the urban environment using landscape and design methods of shaping are revealed. A systematic analysis of the principles of the organization of multilevel open spaces in the unity of axiological, ecological, artistic, aesthetic and contextual approaches is carried out. The article identifies current trends in the organization of open multi–level urban spaces, defines them as separate fragments of a transportless urban environment, representing one or more tiers, at least one of which is above ground or water level, intended, as a rule, for recreation and walking. Among them there can be both monofunctional and multifunctional spaces, but they are all united by such qualities as recreational function, accessibility and openness. Typological types are proposed for the first time: multi-level pedestrian zones and additional levels of transport interchanges; tiered gardens and parks; above-water recreational spaces; mini-courtyards integrated into a multi-storey building; green roofs for various purposes; multi-level playgrounds. The conclusion is formulated that the design of multilevel open urban spaces is an actual trend of modern project culture and helps to solve various project and social tasks.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Gataullin R.F. —
Transborder agglomerations in socioeconomic development of the regions
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 114 - 122.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.27559 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27559
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Abstract:
Under the conditions of market economy, the bigger role in the settlement system belongs to agglomerations – clusters with economic, cultural and migration ties, reflected in economic literature and practice of government administration. At the same time, the analysis of particular problems emerging in formation of transborder agglomerations along with articulation of the problem of transborder agglomerations at the regional level are missing. The article examines the borders and composition of the Almetyevsk-Oktyabrsky, Kamsky and Southern-Transurals agglomerations located in the western and eastern borders of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The existing problems pertinent to formation of the indicated agglomerations and ways for their solution are demonstrated. The connectedness of separate municipal settlements that form one or another agglomeration is determined through assessment of the passenger traffic. The presence of transportation lines and history of economic development of the region are also taken into account. For the first time within the economic literature the borders are defined for the proposal to form Almetyevsk-Oktyabrsky, Kamsky and Southern-Transurals agglomerations. Timely determination and necessary support will allow better exploiting their potential, as well as increasing the level of socioeconomic development.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Breslavskii A.S. —
Urbanization processes in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia): the dynamics of key parameters (1989-2018)
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 68 - 81.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.32402 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32402
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Abstract:
This article analyzes the key parameters of urbanization in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) on the background of urbanization processes in other republics in the East of Russia during the period from 1988 to 2018. Attention is paid to the dynamics of demographic development of the cities and workers’ settlements, changes in the structure of urban localities in the republic associated to abolishment of the settlements and turning them into the rural localities. The article also demonstrates which factors affected density or urban population in Yakutia, as well as analyzes the sources and vectors of continuing urbanization. The research leans on the extensive corpus of official statistical data on 11 cities and 67 urban-type settlements acquires based on the results of All-Union Census of 1989, Russian Censuses of 2002 and 2010, and special statistical examinations of Rosstat and its regional branck in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) conducted in 2011-2018. The conclusion is made on the overall deceleration of urbanization processes in the republic for the past 30 years. These changes were associated with restructuration of the regional industry, particularly reduction of urban-type settlement for 27 localities – from 67 to 40. At the same time, population of majority of the cities and settlements during the period from 1990 to 2018 was decreasing; however, the rapid demographic growth of Yakutsk partially compensated for these losses. It is concluded that urban population was concentrated mostly in the capital and its environs, as well as the largest cities of the republic – Neryungri, Mirny, Lensk and Aldan.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nazarova A. —
The skyline as a subject of protection of a historical settlement (on the example of St. Petersburg)
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 2.
– P. 69 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.2.38289 EDN: WDXDWU URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38289
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Abstract:
The object of this study is the silhouette structure of the historical core of St. Petersburg, formed by the mid-1950s. The subject of the study is methods of protecting the silhouette of buildings in the system of protection of urban heritage. The study was conducted in order to develop an integrated approach to the protection of the silhouette of historical buildings, ensuring the preservation, maintenance and continuous development of the value features and parameters of the silhouette. Based on the analysis of the tools for the protection of cultural heritage, the most promising tool for the protection of a silhouette organization has been identified – the status of "historical settlement", the subject of protection of which is, among other things, the silhouette and composition of the building. According to the results of the study, an algorithm is proposed for identifying the most significant silhouette compositions of buildings recommended for inclusion in the subject of protection "composition and silhouette of buildings" of a historical settlement, and a silhouette protection mechanism has been developed, including the definition of the boundaries of the silhouette preservation zones and the introduction of restrictions on urban development within the boundaries of these zones, aimed at the preservation and continuous development of the silhouette of historical buildings cities.
In order to identify isolated silhouette compositions of particular importance for the preservation of the historical environment, evaluation criteria correlated with the methods of assessing the historical urban landscape are proposed. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the systematization of approaches to the protection of the silhouette in the normative legal documents on the protection of urban heritage, the development of a system of criteria assessment and graph-analytical method, providing identification of the most significant silhouette compositions, their value features and parameters. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of applying the results of the study to supplement the regulatory framework for the protection of architectural and urban heritage. The system of criteria for assessing the silhouette of historical buildings can be used to identify valuable silhouette compositions and characteristics of the silhouette of buildings that are subject to preservation as a subject of protection of territorial heritage sites (historical settlement, landmark) in other regions of the Russian Federation.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Nemtsev I.A. —
Green construction: eco-settlements as part of the steady development concept.
// Urban Studies.
– 2014. – № 3.
– P. 8 - 25.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.3.13525 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=13525
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Abstract:
The author analyzes the social problems of Eurasian Union member countries, and, as part of the solution, suggests reorganization of towns (or construction of new settlements, fully or in part), based on the Steady Regional Development Principles, which is a structural part of the global steady development concept. The author examines various concepts that may become the basis of the social component of steady development, such as "new urbanism", "garden city", "Project Venus", etc. The author describes steady development of regions from the urban standpoint (concepts of ecosettlements, noosphere settlements), green construction ("smart" homes, passive and active home, 3-d construction). The methodological basis of this study includes the social and philosophical methods and principles of scientific study. The author also employs general scientific methods, such as comparison, abstraction, idealization, modeling, analysis, synthesis and others. The goal of the study is reached via the perception of humanity as a global interconnected, self-improving system (global evolutionism), and via the principles of general connections between phenomena, development principles, etc. The analysis and solution of the problems at hand is based on general science research approaches. Those problems were solved, based on the concepts and conclusions within the field of study, introduced by modern Russian and foreign authors, researchers and thinkers. The author offers a solution for organizing towns, based on steady development principles (as a synthesis of the most socially and environmentally rational concepts, such as new urbanism, project Venus, "smart" home, etc.). The author substantiates a connection between the natural and the social parts of steady development. Steady development of regions is offered as a basis for the social component of Eurasian Union's steady development.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kostrigin A., Khusyainov T.M. —
Uzupis - a Republic amidst Vilnius
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 1.
– P. 19 - 32.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.1.15551 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=15551
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Abstract:
This paper examines the phenomenon of the "Užupis Republic", the establishment of which in the center of Vilnius became one of the most intriguing social experiments of our time. What makes it so special? The bold attempt to form a social and economic life, the development of modern art, as well as political structure, situated in the center of one of the European capitals - not on an isolated island. This work aims to define this new phenomenon and to outline and its borders for research within different scientific disciplines and interdisciplinary studies. As a method of this study the authors used theoretical analysis of foreign scientific literature and other sources on the history and functioning of "Republic of Užupis". The novelty of the study is that "The Republic of Užupis", being as a prominent social experiment, did not find significant reflection in the scientific literature to date. In this paper, the authors make an attempt to define a new object of interdisciplinary research. The article provides an overview of the main events since the establishment up to the present moment, as well as examines the impact on the development of the city of Vilnius.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A. —
Does an ecopolis have a chance: outlook upon the future
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 3.
– P. 44 - 48.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.3.16837 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16837
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Abstract:
Since the ancient times people were trying to adjust the surrounding space for their own comfort and convenience. The initial period of industrialization led to the violation of sanitary norms, overcrowded accommodations, and destruction of the usual environment. The response for this lied in the urban development theories from Ebenezer Howard to Le Corbusier, who attempted to set the city to serve the needs of men. But as a result, of various mistakes, these concepts turned out to be debunked. The future of the cities in many ways is defined by the main trends of development of the entire humanity: strive for comfort and interaction with the nature. The author uses the critical analysis of the existing urban concepts, as well as comparative and situational analysis for demonstrating the evolution in views upon the optimal development of the urban space. In the third millennium the essential task of humanity will consist in creation of the biosphere-compatible space. Under the conditions of megalopolis this task will be extremely difficult to accomplish, thus at the initiate stages the reformations must take place in small cities. The transition to the new energy-saving technologies will improve the urban environment; the sources of pollution will be eliminate, such technologies will be removed underground, and telecommunications will make the transportation of cargo across vast distances unnecessary. The alternative sources of energy will become more popular.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Fil'ko A. —
The visual perception of the image of the city and the methods for its study
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 3.
– P. 1 - 15.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.3.16497 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16497
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Abstract:
The subject of this study includes conceptual and methodological approaches to the visual perception of the image of the city. This problem has become relevant in modern urban planning, and plenty of curious methods for studying the visual image of the city emerged over the past 10-15 years. The critical analysis of this method and the rationalization of choosing the visual image of the city as the subject of study for further empirical research has defined the topic of study in this science article. Thus, the article represents a proposition for a study of the visual image of the city to be conducted in accordance with the rationalized choice of the methodological strategy. The main method is the critical analysis of existing concepts and methods, monitoring of cutting-edge urban studies in order to choose the most relevant and efficient method for further empirical studies. While studying the visual perception of the image of the city, the author uncovered that researchers in this field use both, general and special methods. The general methods for researching the visual image of the city include questionnaires, sociological surveys, interview and content-analysis. Special methods of researching the visual image of the city involve the analysis of mental mapping, architectural semantic differentials, video- and photo content analysis, go-along, auto ethnography and decoding.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Kirichkov I. —
Adjustment of the modern architectural object to the people with limited mobility
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 2.
– P. 71 - 81.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.2.29735 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29735
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Abstract:
Despite the existence of multiple regulatory requirements, technical standards, legislative bills pertinent to ensuring the need of the people with limited mobility, the problem of accessibility of the modern architectural objects remains unresolved. Usually, the untimely or inexpedient implementation of accessible facilities for the people with limited mobility negatively reflects on the aesthetic image of the building or urban environment overall. Besides the installation of such facilities into the architecture, it is important to consider the formation of the entire architectural image, including convenience, functionality, compliance with a certain style, etc. The research method contains the analysis of foreign experience of implementation of such facilities for the people with limited mobility within the existing urban environment. The author reviews the examples of Guangzhou Opera House, Soho Galaxy Shopping Mall, Phoenix International Media Center, and aboveground pedestrian walkway in Chaoyang district of Beijing. The boundaries of this research is the chronological framework, capturing the recent decades, as well as the modern style buildings. The author concludes that the due standard for designing the facilities for the people with limited mobility can positively affect the formation of image of the existing urban environment.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Figol D.D., Bazilevich M.E. —
Nikitin's apartment buildings in Chita
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 3.
– P. 24 - 35.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38653 EDN: UBWRWJ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38653
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The article reflects the results of the research conducted within the framework of the scientific project "Architects and engineers of the eastern suburbs of Russia (the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century)". The publication examines the creative activity of the famous Trans-Baikal architect, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts Gavriil Vlasevich Nikitin, who worked in Chita at the beginning of the XX century. Brief biographical information is provided concerning the educational training of the architect, as well as his professional activities on the "outskirts" of the Russian Empire. On the basis of archival data and materials of field surveys, seven preserved buildings of apartment buildings built in the capital of Transbaikalia according to his projects have been identified. A brief digression into the history of the construction of these facilities is given, their spatial planning and stylistic features are considered. Apartment houses authored by G. V. Nikitin are of unconditional interest for historical and architectural science not only as examples of regional architecture of the pre-revolutionary period, but also as an example of the work of this master on a private order. Carrying out projects for representatives of the Chita merchant class, the architect managed to create a number of expressive structures that met the socio-economic and aesthetic needs of his time, as well as set the tone for the subsequent development of the central district of the city. The study showed that the architect mainly worked in the forms of eclecticism, skillfully combining motifs and elements of different architectural styles, thereby managing to form his own, well-recognized author's handwriting.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Shchuplenkov O.V., Shchuplenkov N.O. —
Tansmigration policy in early XX century Russia. Methodology of the issue.
// Urban Studies.
– 2013. – № 1.
– P. 31 - 72.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2013.1.10383 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=10383
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Abstract:
Government regulation of population migration in modern Russia has deep historical roots. The authors analyze the research experience of pre-revolutionary Russia's migration processes and reveals the main traits and results of this period's transmigration. They found out the following. Pre-revolution research viewed colonization as a settlement process, common in any historical background; the resettlement process from thickly-populated regions to places where the population is scarce, or poorly adapted to the environment; the migration is a government-driven process; involves measures that support culture and economy of the native population. Researchers attempted to demonstrate that the migration is both, caused by volume and patterns of the economy's growth, and is the cause for shifts in the country's economic potential, the structure of society and the spread of industrial relations. The authors conclude that pre-revolution authors focused their works on the transmigration process itself: migration destinations, social spread of settlers; ways and forms of resettlement; conditions of travel; main reasons and significance of resettlement. The issues of colonization and resettlement was viewed in a tight connection with agrarian and other social and economic issues.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Berestovskaya D., Petrenko A. —
Architectural space of a city: semiotic approach
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 1.
– P. 24 - 34.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.22489 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22489
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Abstract:
The object of this study is the semiotic character of architectural space that allows characterizing the city as a complex multi-level system with typical texts and codes, belonging to different language culture. The subject of this research is the architectural image of the city of Feodosiya with houses of worship and museums, historic monuments and fountains, public buildings and mansions of the urban elite – the architectural objects that are dominant in the urban space. The authors explore the city as symbolic integral institution, which is in constant search of its own relevant image. Special attention is given to the meaning of signs and symbols that manifest as the media in architectural space. The problem of creating an integrative holistic image of the city, understanding of structure and principles of formation of its architectural space is revealed through the semiotic method. The article is first to analyze the architecture of Feodosiya in the context of the uniqueness of the cultural landscape of Crimea, which carries a certain information framed into the semiotic system. Examination of the urban space of the Crimean cities becomes relevant in contemporary cultural studies, because the formation of semiotic cultural space was influenced by the lifestyle of multiple nations. The application of semiotic method of analysis is justified and requires further study.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Slabukha A.V. —
On the methods of organizing planning of settlements in conjunction with the construction of Siberian railroad
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 3.
– P. 66 - 73.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.3.23815 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23815
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The subject of this research is the relationship issues among the members of the planning organization of settlements – central specialized departments, local government and “societies” due to the laying of the transcontinental railroad across Siberia in the late XIX century. The object of this research is one of the methods of organizing the design and development of near-railway settlements – established communication between the aforementioned parties. The article examines the response of local “societies” to the letter (1895) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Empire about the need to present the decisions on characteristics of possible locations for development of cities or large settlements (in conjunction with the laying of railroad) and the need for their advance and efficient planning. Special attention is given to the results of analysis of the situation by the local “societies” with defining importance of the natural and economic conditions in the context of emergence of the new and development of the existing settlements. Author’s special contribution into this research lies in revelation of the question about the joint participation of central government, local government, and local “societies” in discussion the issues and adopting the decisions pertaining to the design of settlements due to realization of the largest nationwide project – the construction of Siberian railroad.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Rodionovskaya I.S., Dorozhkina E. —
Environment of the urbanized territories in the aspect of “green architecture” and improvement
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 11 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.22835 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22835
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This article is dedicated to the question of formation of housing development of the Moscow urban environment. The author examines the existing modern archetype of residential construction in the commuter areas, as well as notes the high-density housing with dense population. The principles of construction are viewed from the perspective of their impact upon the ecological characteristics of the environment. The article also analyze the influence of urban greening upon the ecological component of the environment, and thus, touches upon its new type – the “green” building. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the necessity of phyto-ecologization of the living environment through creation of the powerful system of urban greening. However, it seems rather difficult task due to the significant limitation of territorial resource. The article suggests forming a new type of urban greening – the “green” building”.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Antropova I., Kalinin I. —
The modern urban society and space of the childhood: Euclid’s fifth postulate?
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 1.
– P. 24 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.1.17705 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17705
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This article examines the problem of narrowing the space of childhood in its correlation to the negative trends of development of the modern urban society. The authors analyze the urban society from the perspective of carrying out the extremely important social functions, first and foremost, the assistance in involvement of an individual into the current phenomena and events. The influence of the urban landscape upon the “children territorial behavior” and the development of a child as a whole, is being detected. The authors raise a serious problem of deformation of the natural communications between humans, which is caused by the alienating interference of the infrastructure, information, and other changes of the society. Within the framework of this research, as an example of the contemporary Russian megalopolis, the authors examine Yekaterinburg from the position “a convenient for life city” and “city kind to children”. The authors state that there are less possibilities for children with regards to independent territorial travelling, decrease in the amount of social interactions and decrease in the intensity of social cooperation between children under the various social circumstances; as a result, it all leads to the disruption of the processes of transferring the socio-historical experience, social adaptation, as well as social destructions and deviations.
Citations count: 2
Reference:
Spektor D.M. —
To the architecture of space. Outline of theory. Part I
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 1.
– P. 61 - 82.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.22504 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22504
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Abstract:
This research is aimed at the analytics of space, and its "secondary goal" is the understanding of principles of its architecture. In the introduction, it is demonstrated that the direct access to such is impossible, and therefore, the future theory of architecture is forced to proceed to the matter, clearing the place of construction, in particular, specifying the ontology of the problem. In addition to the direct reference to the philosophical classics (M. Heidegger, J. Baudrillard, etc.), the initiator of such undertaking is had to keep in the field of view a significant number of other sources: philosophers have dealt with the problem of time for too long, associating it with the existence; throughout the XX century, primarily the culturologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and others were involved into the research of space. Due to this fact, the consolidation of the results of all the "perspectives" is one of the extremely relevant tasks of the architecture of space. Thus, the method of examination is evolves out of the formulation of the problem, and consists in the critical reviews of the ontology of space (time), as well as integration of the achievements of culturology, anthropology, and sociology of space. The scientific novelty of the research consists in formulation of foundations of the new ontology, which aligns the architecture of "place and time" with the new to phenomenology category of reference, and the derived from it (transcendental) principles of the spatial structure. "Space" is being reconstructed with regards to such (game) prototypes, in the historical form of which it had emerged and transformed (over the millennia) into the common reality (real space).
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Miryugina T.A., Sadykova E.F. —
City parks of Tobolsk: past and present
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 2.
– P. 26 - 35.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.2.29632 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29632
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This article explores the insufficiently studied aspects of centuries-old history of the parks and gardens of Tobolsk – the spiritual center of Siberia. The author determines the key moments in their past, as well as current situation and future development prospects. The first gardens in Tobolsk and its surroundings have appeared in the early XIX century – Yermak Garden, Apothecary Garden, and Alexandrovsky Garden. The history of a number of city gardens is associated with the visits of Imperial Romanov family. For example, in 1837 the crown prince Alexander II of Russia visited Tobolsk, and after his assassination in 1881, the Tobolsk dwellers decided to erect a Chapel and lay out a garden around it, which received a name of “Alexandrovsky Garden”. The established in August 1839 “Yermak Garden” was visited by Nicholas II of Russia in 1891; “Apothecary Garden” is the first city garden, its history is traced since February 1810, when merchant Malkov acquired it form the Grand Duke Meshchersky. Currently, there has been developed the project for its reconstruction, with preservation of the historical image and selection of plants in accordance with their mentioning in the archival materials. For the first time in history, on the territory of West Siberian Plain (within the limits of Tyumen Oblast) is created a Central Siberian Botanical Garden; the botanical gardens in Tyumen and Surgut are also in progress.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Koval'zhina L.S. —
The concept of “Healthy Cities” and health-saving behavior of urban population: sociological analysis
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.31864 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31864
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Abstract:
This article presents analysis of concept and objectives of World Health Organization initiative “Healthy Cities”, developed in accordance with the Future Earth 2025 Vision. Attention is focused on the relevant documents and basic conceptual principles of the project. The WHO European Healthy Cities Network along with the peculiarities of Russian project are described. The author provides a forecast of the Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Human Wellbeing regarding the improvement of sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing of the population. The article discusses the results of sampling observation of behavioral factors affecting public health conducted by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service in 2013, 2018, 2019; as well as fragment of the sociological survey results carried out by the author in 2013 and 2017 among the school and university students of Tyumen Region. The scientific novelty is associated with result acquired by the author from the analysis of secondary empirical data; as well as the formulated conclusions on the relevance of comprehensive approach towards preservation of health of urban population, need for creating equal access of all population groups to quality infrastructure, as well as prevention, diagnostics, treatment of diseases alongside restoration, preservation and improvement of health. It is recommended to use international and Russian experience of “Healthy Cities” initiatives for encouraging health-saving behavior of urban population, and development similar project “Healthy Village” for rural population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kozyrenko S.M., Babenko S.N. —
Analysis of formation of the environment of the Orthodox rehabilitation centers
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 11 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.32111 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32111
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The subject of this research is presented by the peculiarities of formation of special environment contributing to active rehabilitation of the addicts and their return to society. The study is dedicated to the impact of spatial and object environment of the Orthodox retreats upon those who desire to get free from addictions, and how it becomes an environment for active psychotherapy. The amount of Orthodox rehabilitation centers grows each year, so is the number of addicts who voluntarily choose the retreats for rehabilitation in the ascetic living conditions. The scientific novelty consists in viewing the Orthodox rehabilitation centers as a conceptual environment, encouraging the addicts to recovery. Religious experience of drastic changes in person’s life as a result of his functional isolation as an addict, and living in a conceptually arranged environment, creates motivation to recovery. The research offers a review of specialized rehabilitation centers that reproduce the characteristics of Orthodox settlements of secluded type. The nature of design solution, formed as a sacredly important visual text of an Orthodox monastery/settlement, is considered as determining the worldview values and capable of shifting the idea of repentance and further revival in faith, which reveals the semantic constructs of the design [1]. The main conclusions lies in the fact that the impact of architectural environment upon the emotional state and behavior of a person allows considering the practice of Orthodox seclusion productive for overcoming the crisis states of the people defined as a result of chronic alcohol consumption and stimulants.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Smol'yaninova T.A. —
Consular Buildings as an Image of Foreign Architecture in the Cities of Northeast China
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 2.
– P. 97 - 106.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.38331 EDN: RVDKTJ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38331
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Abstract:
The subject of the article is the buildings of consular offices in the cities of Northeast China. The object of the study is the architectural features of the preserved buildings of consular institutions. The author examines and analyzes consular institutions during the period of their appearance and the formation of the basic principles of their design at the end of the 19th - first half of the 20th century on the territory of Northeast China. The historical prerequisites for the appearance of consular institutions are considered. The principles of the placement of consular offices in the cities of Manchuria are highlighted, depending on their status, transport links, the location of administrative zones of settlements and the peculiarities of the layout of Chinese districts. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the location of consular buildings were revealed depending on the urban planning position in the urban structure and their significance. The architectural appearance of consular facilities is briefly analyzed, which is presented in the form of a generalized table of graphic images. It presents the preserved representative objects of consular institutions and enlarged decorative elements. The compositional and stylistic features of the buildings of consulates are analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are that consular offices were important objects for the formation of compositional structures of cities, raising their prestige. The architecture of the consular buildings, reflecting the stylistics of different countries, filled the cities with stylistic flavor, increased the level of improvement of the territories adjacent to these buildings.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Pryadko I.P., Orlina K.V. —
Transportation in cities: organizing accessible and comfortable architecture and planning environment for the mobility-impaired citizens
// Urban Studies.
– 2014. – № 1.
– P. 19 - 29.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.1.12517 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=12517
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Abstract:
This article examines the current state of affairs regarding transportation accessibility for the mobility-impaired urban dwellers. The author evaluates the solutions applied by Moscow, Moscow Region's cities and other major Russian cities. Proper ramps and sidewalks are a priority to ensure access by the disabled and parents with baby strollers. The author points out that the absense of a unified strategy in this area results in severe complications for those that need accessible environment. As an example for the authorities, the author points out the "Reminder for architects" paper that was devised by Urban planning authorities of Chita.
Issues of transportation for the mobility-impaired citizens, as the focus of this paper, are explored on the basis of media publications, surveys and urban planning documentation, focusing on three main topics: equipping public transport stops, commissioning new means of transportation that would accommodate mobility-impaired citizens, building roads and access points for the disabled. Analyzing the rich factual base and comparing the current state of affairs and project requirements in official documentation, the author concludes that, despite of all state standards of accessible environment planning, social infrastructure is still being built with little regard for the norms at large. It is possible to salvage the situation by implementing the «Tempus Project CENEAST: Reformation of the Curricula on Built Environment in the Eastern Neighbouring Area», developed by the political and social science department of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering into urban planning. The goal of the project is to reform the education of bachelors, specialists and magisters by introducing new modules, including environment modules aimed at the creation of biosphere-friendly space in cities, comfortable environment for the mobility-impaired.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Cherednyakova A.B., Dobrynina Y.S. —
Image of the territory and its transformation in modern conditions (on the example of Chelyabinsk and Chelyabinsk Region)
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 171 - 179.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.26332 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26332
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Abstract:
Image of the territory regarded as a distinct attribute that is responsible of the overall atmosphere in the region. For more viable framing of image of the territory, the region or city can be viewed as quasi-corporation, including into methodology of consideration the instruments of image marketing. Of great importance is the empirical experience of structuring the image of the region, which carries a spontaneous character based on the historically established meanings of the territory, as well as the image formed on the basis of the declared policy and account of determinants that can shroud the region in one or another image. Using the example of Chelyabinsk Oblast and the city of Chelyabinsk, the author examines the impact of ecological determinant of the image as a factor of negative attitude towards the city and the region of its residents our outside audience, which also lowers the rest of the indexes. The article reveals the influence of industrial associations on image of the city. The authors argue the need for manageable formation of image of the city; otherwise, it significantly distorts and underrates its true characteristics in mass consciousness. It is underlined that positive image of the regions can improve the living standards of its population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Dorozhkina E. —
Certain aspects of formation of green facades for high-rise development
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 2.
– P. 77 - 87.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.2.32361 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32361
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Abstract:
“Green architecture” gains more and more popularity worldwide. In many ways, this relates to the need for improving environmental quality of urban area. Often, enviromentalization is used for creating green spaces on buildings, including vertical or with significant inclination. This article is dedicated to studying the questions of the structure of greening of vertical surfaces of the buildings (green facades) for medium and high-rise buildings. The research is aimed at determination of technical characteristics of designing green facades. The subject of this article is building structures of various designation (architectural, load-bearing and enclosing) that serve for the formation of greening. The author examines their potential in the formation of objects of "green architecture". The key research method is the analysis of normative and scientific framework for the design of vertical greening. The existing experience in designing green facades is explored. The scientific novelty of this work consists in systematization of the applied design concepts and engineering solutions. As a result of the study, the two types of structures are determined: supporting and maintaining. The author reviews structural systems characteristic to each type, outlines the assortment of greenery, engineering and technical solutions for maintaining plants, as well as forming capacities of the types of design solutions of green facades.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sokolova M.V., Golubkina T.M., Petrosyan D.I. —
The impact of work values upon the potential economic behavior of students in Vladimir city
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 2.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.2.33281 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=33281
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the work values of students of higher and specializes secondary educational establishments in Vladimir city, and their impact upon the potential economic behavior of youth. Online questionnaire-based survey of the students of a regional center, conducted via clusters election in accordance with quota sampling, comprised the empirical base for this research. Special attention is paid to the priority spheres of employment, students’ representation on worthy pay rate, impact of the type of work motivation upon the choice of the key life aspirations of young people. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in the statement that the achievable orientations prevail within the work values of students. Young people are targeted towards high salary, career growth, and professional fulfillment. For increasing the level of personal wellbeing, they are willing to work harder. The presence of favorable conditions at work, as well as job in their degree field, are the secondary factors. Entrepreneurship, work in government authorities and administration, and enforcement agencies are the preferred spheres of activity. The authors’ special contribution consists in determination of the dependence between different type of motivation and work values of the youth.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khettou D., Razin A.D. —
Strategies for the sustainable development of tourism through the design of tourist facilities (example of the Algerian coast)
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 3.
– P. 91 - 101.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.3.34070 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34070
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Abstract:
The development of sustainable tourism has become a growing trend in multi-level projects in developing countries aimed at supporting the economy and preserving the ecosystem. Despite the fact that Algeria is considered one of the richest and most diverse countries in Africa, the development of tourism on its 1200 km coastline faces many problems and difficulties. One of these obstacles is the lack of a comprehensive strategy that guarantees the development of the tourism sector. In recent years, the economic importance of tourism has grown significantly. However, the tourism industry without a properly planned strategy, as in the case of Algeria, cannot provide the expected economic growth. The purpose of this article is a theoretical review of various strategies for sustainable development through the development of various tourist facilities on the Algerian coast, as well as an assessment of the selected strategies for the development of tourism in Algeria in terms of urban infrastructure, ecosystems, the growth of the number and quality of architectural structures. Methodologically, this study analyzes various strategies of sustainable tourism development applied in the world. The study examines tourism development strategies and the role of designing various types of tourist facilities and resorts for the development of this industry in the coastal areas of Algeria, taking into account the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Potapenko A.A. —
Disproportions of the spatial structure of the city as a reserve for the development of the city frame: territorial and communication model and analysis of cellular data
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 4.
– P. 50 - 70.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.4.37724 EDN: RNLSKA URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37724
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The work is devoted to the identification of existing imbalances in the spatial structure of the city and the assessment of reserves for improving the efficiency of spatial organization, primarily due to the development of the framework of the city as a stable structure-forming part of the spatial system of the city, characterized by a high degree of development. The subject of the study is the types of territories forming the framework of the city. The definition of the role and potential of individual territories is carried out by means of modeling using the methodology of constructing a territorial and communication model of the city of O.A. Bayevsky on the basis of the frame-tissue theory of A.E. Gutnov. The simulation results are compared with the analysis of mobile operator data on daily migrations of people in the city. As a result of the modeling, the territories were typified, the framework and fabric of the city were identified, as well as territories with disproportions of saturation with points of attraction and connectivity with the population. Comparison of the results of analytical modeling and visualization of real movements of cellular subscribers during the day confirms the significant disproportions of the spatial structure of the city of Vladivostok, expressed in its monocentricity. The prospects for improving the efficiency of the spatial organization of the city are associated with the need to move away from monocentricity through the development of local centers in the city districts. Clarification of the disproportions of daily migrations by city districts allows us to confirm the need and assess the reserves for the development of new growth points and business activity.
The results of the territorial-communication model are compared with the results of the unevenly-zoned model of the city developed by the author earlier, built according to the method of A.A. Vysokovsky, which allows us to determine not only the existing configuration of the city frame, but also promising territories for its development. As a result of the work, recommendations are proposed for the development of the city's framework, and appropriate generalized directions of urban planning policy are proposed for the selected types of territories.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Griber Y.A. —
Monochromatic model of urban coloristics
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 58 - 64.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.22749 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22749
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The object of this research is the architectural coloristics as a historical and cultural phenomenon. The subject of this research is the monochromatic color pallet of the building facades common for certain urban areas of the world. The goal of this article consists in identification of the mechanism of formation of the monochromatic model of urban coloristics and systematization of its sociocultural specificities. The author thoroughly examines the key principle of the model that defines the correlation between the color and shape in urban space, as well as analyzes the strategies of spreading the monochromatic coloristics and mechanism of inheriting the color tradition by the culture. Special attention is given to the expert evaluation of the areas with monochromatic color pallet of the building facades. For resolution of the research problem, the author uses the method of classification aimed at the well-ordered description and explanation of the diverse variants of monochromatic model of the urban coloristics. Author’s special contribution lies in formulation of the historical and cultural grounds for structuring the typology of monochrome within the architectural coloristics. The scientific novelty consists in determination and description of the three major versions of monochromatic model: evolutionary, artificial, and mixed, which noticeably differ from the perspective of mechanisms of formation and sociocultural properties. Evolutionary versions represents a product of natural development of coloristics of the area; artificial is the result of target color design; and the mixed combines the artificial mechanism of introducing the new coloristics with natural way of future development of the new color traditions in urban fabrics.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Dorozhkina E. —
Constructive issues of “green” architecture
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 4.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.4.24150 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24150
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Abstract:
“Green” architecture receives more and more popularity around the globe. In such case, the metropolises urban development is no exception. There are multiple reasons, among the main ones, is the need for increase of beautification of contemporary urban development, environmentalization of the surroundings by means of forming the additional landscaped spaces. Thus, the established archetype of the environment must undergo transformation. Due to this fact, the typical design of urban development cannot fully meet the modern requirements, because first and foremost, it is oriented towards the increase of urban density. In the context of forming the objects of “green” architecture, the design (both, architectural planning and engineering technical) is aimed at creating the buildings and constructs that simultaneously meet multiple demands: sustainability, reliability, durability, and environmental constraints. Currently, methods of mass “green” architecture and the corresponding technical base remain underdeveloped, which leads to the need for implementing the individual solutions that will consider the assemblage of all factors. Surface landscaping, exploitation, and beautification of special environment drastically changes the functional-engineering nature of development project, formal and constructive concept of the element of a building, putting them in the position of specific architectural, landscaping, and city-planning objects that demand a full project design. Therefore, formation of the architecture of urban development must take into account the peculiarities of “green” object.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zavialov A. —
Adaptation of migrants in urban environment: new living conditions in old cities
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.26043 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26043
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This article examines the peculiarities of social adaptation of migrants in urban space (cities). Today, the migration becomes an urban phenomenon, because migrants choose cities for bigger opportunities and realization of personal potential. For the quickest possible adaptation in urban environment, a migrant accumulate all of the adaptive capabilities that transform his attitude to work, behavioral strategies, and interaction with people. In important also belongs to the migrant social institutions (diaspora). Russian keeps up with the global trends: the percentage of migrants residing in urban settlements is growing, which leads to closer interaction between the accepting urban community and the migrants. The rate of migration to Russian remain persistently high that especially affects the cities, in which the infrastructure capabilities do not correspond with the size of available population, but the level of economic development is higher than in the countries of origin. This is namely why the municipal authorities should give careful attention to regulation of social adaptation of the migrants, using various socioeconomic instruments, implemented in separate municipal formation, because currently, there is no integral practical component of social adaptation of the migrants in cities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Veretennikov D. —
Legislative regulation of architectural and urban planning contests in the Russian Federation
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 38 - 47.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.26426 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26426
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The objects of this research is the practice of design contests in the area of architecture and urban planning in modern Russia; while the subject is its legislative regulation. The normative legal base that affects the design contests is viewed in comparison with the systems of legislative regulation in the European Union and the United States. The author conducts an analysis of the three levels of regulation of the contestable practice: international, federal, and regional contained in the Civil Code, law “On the Architectural Activity in the Russian Federation”, and other documents. The article examines the aspects associated with the legislative regulation of the order and conditions of holding the contests, as well as determining the place of contest within the system of urban planning activity. A conclusion is made on the non-consistency of the contestable method of adopting the urban planning decisions in Russia and lack of answers to some practically important questions in the legislative framework. Particularly, the acting laws do not determine the criteria of situations that necessitate resorting to holding a public design contest. The article suggests a model on integration of the contestable practice into the system of urban planning activity for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of contestable method of adopting the important decisions in the area of urban planning and architecture.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bulatova E.K., Ul'chitskii O.A., Sal'nikova M.Y. —
“Green” architecture of city riverwalks: on the example of Yekaterinburg
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 1.
– P. 99 - 108.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.1.32702 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32702
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“Green” architecture of city riverwalks: on the example of Yekaterinburg The object of this research is the Iset River walk, between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg, which is the major attraction for population and the water-recreational urban area. The subject of this research is landscape urbanism used for reconstruction and recreational development of the territories of various functionality, including riverfronts. The author determines the key aspects of the development of recreational spaces of Yekaterinburg in the context of implementation of landscape and city planning approach, as well as the peculiarities of their formation of public and private lands. Comparative-historical analysis of the stages of formation and reconstruction of recreational spaces in the Sverdlovsk agglomeration, analysis of the shoreline of the Iset River between Malysheva Street and Kuibysheva Street of Yekaterinburg is carried out from the perspective of landscape urbanism. The obtained results are as follows:1. The author outlined the prospects of application of the principles of landscape urbanism in reconstruction of city riverwalks;2. The author analyzed the current functional and planning structure of Yekaterinburg; determined the prospects for its transformation, considering the principles of landscape urbanism and formation of the unified ecological-recreational framework;3. The author highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of reconstruction of the Iset River walk and the prospects for its further reconstruction, taking into account the concepts of landscape urbanism and eco-city.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Lymar V., Karpov A., Krasnova O. —
The use of parametric methods for delineating the morphology of urban fabric on the example of Vasileostrovsky District of Saint Petersburg
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 1.
– P. 34 - 55.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.1.35029 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35029
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This article provides the results of continuous zoning of Vasileostrovsky District of Saint Petersburg using the methods that are based on the systems of interconnected quantitative parameters, such as floor area ratio and building density coefficient. These include Spacmatrix (description of building density) and MXI (functional classification). The aforementioned methods are convenient for determination of the morphological types of buildings and differentiation of the zones of implementation of various urban planning policies; however, in Russia they are not widespread, and are used mainly for selecting the alternatives of urban planning solutions for a separate land plot or block. The continuous zoning patterns for the large diversified urban development are published for the first time. Comparison of the acquired patterns with the results obtained using historical and genetic analysis of the morphological development sites, as well as with the functional zoning of the draft Master Plan of Saint Petersburg from 2021 through 2048 demonstrated that the parametric methods allow a more accurate delineation of boundaries of morphological districts and describe the morphotypes of development. The article discusses the factors of the detected discrepancies and the limitations of methods used in creation of planning documents; as well as the requirements for the quality of the base data, sequence of implementation of Spacmatrix and MXI methods, and their alignment with the traditional methods for determination of the morphological types of development.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Puzhkina A.A., Kim A. —
Sanatorium and wellness environment of the city of Khabarovsk. Main development trends
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 2.
– P. 16 - 28.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40061 EDN: RXOSZJ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40061
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The author examines the history of the development of the architecture of medical institutions and the principles of its placement in the planning structure of the city of Khabarovsk. The analysis of expansion and development of medical institutions of the city of Khabarovsk from the end of the XIX century to the present day is carried out. Numerous examples of buildings of medical institutions are given, showing the main stages of development of this type of structures in the locality under consideration. The author analyzes the change in stylistic and compositional preferences in the organization of medical and sanatorium institutions. The perspective ways of further transformation of the sanatorium system in the aspect of architectural and urban planning design, taking into account regional peculiarities, are analyzed. In the course of the work, the following trends in the design of sanatorium and rehabilitation centers in the city were identified: 1) large block organization of the building, the formation of complexes; 2) emphasis on the intensity of treatment, the use of day hospitals; 3) individualization of design solutions, rejection of stereotypical hospital forms; 4) the formation of a humane space with therapeutic potential; 5) ecological approach and harmony with the environment. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of the subject of the study also revealed the main requirements for the formation of such institutions, such as the development of functional zoning and planning organization, taking into account the features of functionally new departments of treatment rooms with complex equipment and numerous communications.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Panchuk A.V., Samsonova E.M., Kim A.A. —
Art and creative spaces in the context of architectural and art education
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 2.
– P. 55 - 66.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.40756 EDN: CYFOIT URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40756
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The main subject of the article is the definition and typology of creative spaces. The goal is a search for an architectural solution for creative space in the university environment. Tasks: compilation of the terminological base of the study; typologization of public and educational creative spaces; formation of the creative cluster concept of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing demand for new university spaces, including those implemented within the framework of the federal program for the creation of world-class campuses, taking into account new forms and methods of organizing educational processes. Qualitative content analysis was used as a method in this article. In general, the methods of photofixation, sociological survey, modeling were used in the study.
At the beginning of the article, the terminological base of the study is established, based on the difference in the etymology and semantics of the term "creativity". The first meaning of the term refers to the initiative of generating unusual ideas and social format. The second meaning refers to the process of producing new items, cultural phenomena and individual format. The analysis of the research of public creative spaces allows us to identify the main criteria of typology: according to the initial data, according to the functions, according to the method and purpose of the organization, according to the way the space is organized. The analysis of specialized workshops at universities with creative directions was based on the criteria of the educational process organization. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to combine narrow-profile educational spaces of architectural and artistic directions with public creative spaces within the framework of the intercollegiate campus in Khabarovsk. The research hypothesis is the art and creative university spaces co-organization contributes to the fulfillment of the university mission 3.0.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Nesterova A.A. —
The Summer of the Urban Pioneer: Early 1960's experience
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 1.
– P. 33 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.1.15061 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=15061
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The subject of this research are early 1960-s Pioneer organizations. By the materials from Tambov region cities (Michurinsk, Morshansk, Kirsanov, Kotovsk, Rasskazovo and Tanbov), the author studied the implementation of May 1963's decree by the Central Committee of Leninist Youth "On the tasks of Summer Leisure Time Committee’s goals". The author also attempted to take the special conditions of Russia's smaller cities into account. The bulk of research materials is constituted by the State Archive's freshly released materials on the social and political history of the Tambov region. The theory of governmentialization of Komsomol lies at the base of the study on the Pioneer and Komsomol organizations. It implies that Komsomol is viewed as a "Ministry of the Youth" - a link between the state and the younger generation. The work of Komsomol and Pioneer organizations is also viewed from the standpoint of humanitarian and government positions. For the first time in the post-Soviet period, this article examines the experience of using weekends and holidays, as well as summer vacations for education and upbringing of city-dwelling schoolchildren, in the end of the "Khrushchov thaw".
The author provides examples of various forms and methods of organizing active pastime for children, the implementation of which is still relevant in smaller cities of Russia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Griber Y.A., Samoylova T.A., Dvoinev V.V. —
Color preferences of senior citizens in various stages of house design
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 4.
– P. 36 - 49.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.4.28349 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28349
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the color preferences – subjective and collective, expressed in a certain arrangement of basic colors and their shades. The goal of this study lies in the empirical determination of quantitative and qualitative structure of color images that are most popular in the house interior (hallway, dining room, kitchen, bedroom, bathroom) among senior citizens, as well as in the analysis of the acquired data with regards color perception that changes over time. The research method is an experiment, involving 50 senior citizens, in the age between 60 and 82 (average age of 67.54; 8 males and 42 females). The scientific novelty consists in description of the specificity of color coding attained by various functional zones in house design of the senior citizens. The most distinct color margin is between the intimate and personal spaces and those that carry out a representative functions. The noted opposition of the internal and external, shielded and open in color preferences of the senior people is realized through the parameters of lightness: in arrangement of bedroom and bathroom prevail the light shades; for hallway and dining room most often are selected the saturated and dark tones. All types of living spaces mark natural colors and shades. The determined color preferences are specific for designing certain types of house interiors. They significantly differ from the preferences associated with other types of objects (for example, the façade color) and do not match with the abstract favorite colors.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ordynskaya Y. —
Typology of settlements on the borderlands between Russia and China
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 1.
– P. 1 - 9.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.1.28609 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28609
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The object of this research is the localities on the borderlands between Russia and China. The historical and contemporary analysis of the development of borderline urban layouts demonstrated that any city-planning objects strives to expand its territory to achieve its potential. The disruption of localization, closeness of urban localities in the borderlands leads to formation of the phenomenon of condominium territory. The study considers the historical traditions, modern trends and peculiarities in city-forming and resettlement of the borderline territory of two countries. The factor analysis and systemic approach are applied in the course of this work. The scientific novelty consist in the following: in order to determine the possible vectors of future development of urban layouts of the various hierarchical level, the author conducts their systematization by the characteristic typological groups; this will allow determining the vectors in development of each group.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Baklyskaia L.E., Goncharova N.V., Denisova A.A., Mamontov A.Y. —
Aesthetic aspects of the design of the courtyard space of an apartment building
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 2.
– P. 15 - 26.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.2.37933 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37933
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The article analyzes and evaluates the adjacent spaces in residential areas. A survey of about a hundred yards of Far Eastern cities (Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) was conducted. Using the methods of full-scale survey and comparative analysis, positive and negative characteristics are determined in terms of aesthetics, functions and convenience for residents, the conditions of visual comfort on the selected site are revealed. The study is carried out from the point of view of architectural composition and functional organization. The study includes an analytical part, which presents the characteristics of house spaces and a practical one, which contains recommendations for improving the aesthetic qualities of the courtyard environment. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time such an analysis is carried out in the process of architectural design training in order to understand the special importance of aesthetic comfort in an urban residential environment. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to introduce theoretical research into design practice for further development of the courtyard of an apartment building: from reasonable functional organization and simple physical comfort - to aesthetic comfort, to artistic expressiveness of space and a unique sense of place identity. The study was conducted by the Institute of Architecture and Design of Pacific State University as part of the training courses "Environmental factors in Design" and "Aesthetics of Architecture and Design".
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Semushina I.S., Bazilevich M.E., Bazilevich E.M. —
Wooden buildings of Chita in the work of the first architects of the city
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 2.
– P. 67 - 75.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.2.41041 EDN: FSHSOE URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=41041
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The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant "Architects and engineers of the eastern outskirts of Russia (second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries)". The features of a significant layer of regional wooden architecture, preserved in the capital of the Trans-Baikal Territory - the city of Chita, are considered. Based on the materials of field surveys and the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the preserved objects and original designs of a number of buildings and structures for various purposes were studied. The wooden architecture of the city is viewed through the prism of the activities of the first city architects and engineers, as well as other masters of the building art who received professional education in the leading architectural and engineering schools of central Russia, as well as specialists who did not have a specialized education, but received the right to carry out architectural and construction work after passing exams at the Ministry of Construction Affairs in St. Petersburg. As a result, a complete systematized picture of the historical evolution of the wooden architecture of Chita was compiled, which was formed under the influence of all-Russian architectural traditions, but at the same time had its own distinctive features associated with the specifics of the development of the region and the personal ideas of the masters of architectural and construction art, as well as customers of architecture of this type.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Akhrameeva O.V. —
The role of administrative regulations in ensuring private interests
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 1.
– P. 51 - 61.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.1.17141 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17141
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Abstract:
The modern legal regulation of public relations is first and foremost based on ensuring and protections of the rights of a private entity, and thus – the private sphere of public relations. This goal is reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, in protection of all forms of property, including private and state. Due to the fact that private and public interests are inseparably intertwined and represent an integrated whole, the stability of the entire society, and especially its lowest local level, depends on how the private relations would be regulated. However the regulation of private relations is based on such postulate that this category can only be regulated by the norms of private law. At the same time, the government actively provides the public-legal mechanisms, which will allow even to the local government authorities to independently regulate these relations. In this article the author explores one of these mechanisms – administrative regulations – normative acts which provide systematization and regulation of the administrative process and reflect the separate operating processes and the order of their execution. Basing on the comparative-legal and historical methods, the author analyzes the establishment of the aforementioned mechanism of realization of private interests in the world, as well as in the Russian Federation, particularly in the conditions of the advancing concept of e-government. The author points out the main issues that require solution, among which are the municipal informatization, information accessibility, adequate and understandable perception of electronic services, etc.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Gushchin A.N., Pereverzeva N.V., Sanok S.I. —
Regularities in the formation of the planning structure of territorial zones in largest cities
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 27 - 37.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.26339 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26339
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is formation of territorial zones in urban development zoning. Territorial zones were introduced into the urban development practice by the Town Planning Code of 1998. In terms of the subject of research, the author examined the following: 1) planning organization of territorial zones of large and largest cities of Ural; 2) typology of territorial zones; 3) correspondence of functional zoning of territories with the established use of territories; 4) formation of the functional-planning frameworks of a city. It is demonstrated that studying of the planning organization of territorial zones allows estimating the actions of administration aimed at regulating the territorial development of zones. Research method is based on building the territorial zoned. The requirements: to determine the key functional zones in accordance with the general layout; appoint within the land lots belonging to various urban development zones the main type of permitted use; group together the land lots of the territory belonging to urban development zones with identical types of use into the territorial zone; form separate territorial zones that differ in type of the permitted use. The scientific novelty lies in the approach based on the territorial zones. Using the methodology of territorial zines, the authors were able to study the characteristics of territorial zones in accordance will all of the clauses mentioned above. Having applied such methodology, the authors examined the planning structure of territorial zoned for large and largest cities of Ural. The results are obtained on the types and structures of territorial zones. A conclusion is made on the planning structure and prospects of spatial development of the cities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Rogach O.V. —
Social construction of tourism attractiveness of the Russian cities
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 3.
– P. 37 - 47.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.30412 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30412
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the Russian experience of social construction of tourism attractiveness of the territories. The object of this research is the practices of participation of the local residents in designing tourist destinations; advantages and consequences of the conversion of social capital of the local society into job opportunities, urban infrastructure, new social relations and symbolic goods. The author meticulously examines the multiplicative effect of involvement of the local population in creating formation of tourism attractiveness of the territory; reveals the advantages and risks of initiating the process of social construction. Particular attention is given to the analysis of interdependent relations of the local citizens that ensure holistic positioning of the territory as attractive for tourists. The empirical foundation for this research includes the following cities: Moscow, Veliky Ustyug, Myshkin, and Dzhubga. The leading research method is the traditional document analysis. For verification of research results, the author applies the methods of observation and questionnaire-based online survey on the Google platform. The main conclusions consist in the theses on multiplicative effect of the involvement of local population in social construction (formation and content of the professional-structural network, development of entrepreneurship, creative clusters, etc.). The author’s main contribution into this study lies in determining the need for structuring the conceptual row (symbolic status of the city), around which would develop social interactions between the local residents. Such approach allows creating the range of interrelated tourist products or services functioning in conceptual connection with each other.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Glatolenkova E., Ivanova A.P. —
Architectural heritage of Eastern Russian railways
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 4.
– P. 35 - 54.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.4.36372 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36372
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Abstract:
This article covers the topic of museumification of railway architecture along the eastern sections of the former Great Siberian Railway located in the Russian Far East and Northeast China. Currently this is the lines of the Far Eastern Railway (part of Trans-Siberian Railway) and the Chinese lines of Binzhou and Binhai. Analysis is conducted on the museum objects that are diverse in their origin, but belonged to the large-scale railway construction of the late XIX – early XX centuries and played a significant role in the development of scarcely populated regions: 1) placed in former locomotive depots that are no longer used as intended; 2) new models based upon former passenger terminal buildings. The article reviews the experience of museumification of railway architecture not only in the Russian cities, but also the works of Chinese colleagues, employees of the center for conservation of Russian heritage in Harbin, on projects of which were reconstructed dozens of railway objects –along the former Chinese Eastern Railway. The authors believe it is important in light of the study of the problems of conservation of similar objects in the territory of Russia (Khabarovsk – Vladivostok, Ussuriysk – Grodekovo, etc.). A brief overview is given to utilization of the objects of railway architecture in the Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Vyazemsky) and People’s Republic of China (Harbin, Manchuria, Handaohezi, Buhedu, and Anyang). The article also describes the projects aimed preservation of the regional heritage of the turn of centuries, carried out by the students of Pacific National University in Khabarovsk.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kibenko V.A. —
Verification of the Strategy for the Development of the Sphere of Culture of the City of Salekhard
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 3.
– P. 61 - 73.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.3.38734 EDN: AWWVTR URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=38734
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Abstract:
The article presents the main results of a sociological study of the state and prospects for the development of the cultural sphere of the municipality of Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The object of this study was the sphere of culture of Salekhard, the subject is the state and problems of its development. The study was applied in nature and was aimed at obtaining an analytical basis for further verification of the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategy of socio-economic development of the municipality of Salekhard until 2030 in terms of the development of the city's cultural sphere, as well as the adjustment of existing and development of new provisions of this strategy. The results of the study, based on the data of an expert survey and sociological observation, indicate significant achievements in the development of the cultural sphere of the city of Salekhard. Thus, the celebration of the Reindeer Herder's Day in Salekhard has become not only a holiday of local significance, but also acquired the status of a tourist brand of the region. It is revealed that despite significant achievements, there are also problems associated with the shortage of young creative personnel, the deterioration of the material and technical base of cultural institutions of the city. Promising areas for the development of the cultural sphere are such as the creation of open and closed citywide venues for mass events, as well as the development of creative public spaces. In addition, the creation of a drama theater may become a new direction.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ulchitckii O.A., Veremei O.M. —
New artifacts in study ancient culture of nation Southern Urals
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 20 - 29.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.22880 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22880
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Abstract:
This article examines a rare zoomorphic statuette carved from natural stone in a realistic manner of small plastic. The subject of the research constitutes the entire image of mammal in a horizontal position. The find was near the city of Magnitogorsk, near the former Staroseverniy village. We describe the background and details of the discovery artifact: place of discovery, process of exploration and excavation of soil, structure and morphology of subject. The authors examine the structure of zoomorphic depicted involvement in forms of aquatic animals; type object, allowing considers it a cult and radiocarbon dating analysis leads to conclusion of the periodization. It is noted that this finding has no known analogues reveals similarities but there are signs with zoomorphic subject’s realistic small plastic Neolithic, found in the Urals. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of morphology. It was established the statuette is the subject of cult in the Neolithic period, and could be used for daily or ritual purposes; it is dated back to about 4-5 thousand years BC. Author's contribution consists in the natural exploration of the territory of extraction of the artifacts, description, fixation, and establishment of dating og the subject discovered during the field research.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ordynskaya Y., Kozyrenko N.E. —
City-planning systems of the China-Russia border zone
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 4.
– P. 12 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.4.24293 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24293
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the city-planning system of the China-Russia border zone, which development marks the two parallel directions associated with the trend and rates of development of the adjacent countries: active city-forming process in China’s territory and depressive state of the urban and rural settlement in Russia. In the Far Easter regions is noticed a decrease in population size across the entire bordering region and “focal” character of settlement along the border with low density of population. On the Chinese side, over a short period of time (policy of rural urbanization), the vast uninhabited territories were simultaneously populated by peasants, which led to emergence of the cities alongside the sparsely populated villages. A distinct Chinese policy of resettlement is reflected in direction of the “urbanization from below” (rural urbanization), due to which the finely-divided structure surpasses the entire territory of the Northeast of China. All of the bordering settlements form the systems of various level of development. For highlighting the peculiarities of formation of the transboundary systems of resettlement, the author apply factor analysis and system method; for determining the dynamics of urbanization and migration flows – the statistical method. The method of cartographic analysis is used for studying the processes of current resettlement on the territories of Far Eastern Region and Northeast of China. This article is first to analyze and determine the typological groups of resettlement systems common to the China-Russia border zone – agglomeration, transborder agglomeration, national systems of resettlement, transboundary systems of resettlement. The crisis state of Russian settlements and active development of the Chinese settlements necessitates the formulation of principles, which allow forecasting their further development. As a result of this research, it is established that under the influence of certain economic, geopolitical, demographic, and social factors, the existing structure of resettlements in the transboundary zone and range of its impact (south of Far East) will transform.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Glatolenkova E. —
Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 34 - 48.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.32316 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32316
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Abstract:
This article examines the peculiarities of formation of residential areas along the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); analyzes the pattern of settlements; and examines the architectural nuances of residential buildings. The object of this research is the architectural urban development peculiarities of Russian railroad stations on the territory of Northern Manchuria. The subject of this research is the residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The chronological framework covers the first three decades of the XX century: beginning of construction and first years of exploitation of the railway, characterized by active urban development process and creation of full-fledged environment for accommodation of construction workers, railway workers, migrants from Russia, Southern Manchuria and mainland China. The theoretical foundation for this study consists in the systemic-axiological approach, according to which the culture defines the system of materialistic and spiritual values passed from one generation to another, and allows determining the value grounds of cultural interaction and its panhuman significance. The work explores the peculiarities of architecture and urban development in the settlements along CER. Study is carried out on the construction process of the railway and living conditions of first workers, approaches towards design of the stations of the main line and the southern branch, as well as architecture of residential building of the settlements. The author considers the impact of Russian environment upon the existing Chinese cities, and the use of the traditional Chinese approaches in the projects by the Russian engineers and architects.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bulatova E.K. —
An approach of landscape urbanism in reconstruction of waterfront areas in a large city
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 3.
– P. 9 - 19.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.3.32388 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32388
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Abstract:
This article explores a relevant problem of implementation of innovative approaches in the sphere of landscape engineering applicable to reconstruction of city waterfront areas, namely in the large cities. The author reviews the example of realization of the project modern waterfront areas, which considered the indicated factors and engineering principles. On the example of Magnitogorsk, the author examines the modern functional and planning pattern, as well as the quality of shelf territories with determination of the prospects of their transformation, taking into account the principles of landscape urbanism and formation of the single ecological-recreational framework. The method of sampling allowed defining the promising vectors in improvement of aesthetic qualities of a city waterfront area and its safety for all population groups that actively use urban recreational environment. The article underlines the advantages and disadvantages of the conducted reconstruction of a section of the Ural River embankment, and prospects of its further reconstruction considering the concepts of landscape urbanism and eco-city. The following conclusion were made: 1) landscape approach ensured the essential geographic connectedness of the territory, protect city systems from natural disasters (storms, floods, etc.); 2) restoration and reconstruction of shelf area of the Ural River would allow to not only form a unified recreational space and water recreational framework for the purpose of sustainable development of the territory, but also protect the territory from waterlogging; 3) landscape urbanism would contribute to wellness and ecological comfort of the population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sadkovskaya O. —
Possibilities of development of ecovillages on the territory of Rostov Region
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 2.
– P. 27 - 40.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.2.32813 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32813
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the potential for transformation of diminishing rural settlements into ecovillages. The object of this research is the existing rural settlements with a population of 100-500 people on the territory of Rostov Region. Special attention is given to current challenges faced by the existing system of resettlement, which include the local consequences of climatic changes, anthropogenic influence, pandemic, etc. On the one hand, concentration of resources in the cities ensures their more rational distribution; but on the other hand, the urban lifestyle increases the consumption of various resources. Under current conditions, the ratio of urban and rural residents can be more balanced, since there are all necessary technologies and resources. The research is conducted on the basis of analysis of statistical indexes, assessment of information from geoinformation databases, and documentation of territorial planning. The author analyzes the possibility for transformation of the diminishing rural settlements into ecovillages on the territory of Rostov Region. Recommendations are made on the improvement of the system of resettlement in Rostov Region through development of various types of resettlement. The integration of unprecedented technological capabilities and rural lifestyle can become a new identity characteristic for the XXI century.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Matiukhin I.V. —
Loneliness in a metropolis
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 2.
– P. 54 - 75.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.2.16413 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16413
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Abstract:
The growing relevance of research on psychological states of residents as a factor impacting the development of megacities and towns has inspired researchers to seek qualitative and quantitative indicators for varying states of solitude. This article offers the analysis and results of an original psych diagnostic study conducted in the context of dependence in modern urbanization. The author offers an analysis of the problem of solitude as a theoretical, psychological construct, and its co-relation with the development level of habitats. Using psychometric methods of "differential questionnaire for solitude experience", the author measures and illustrates the state of qualitative and quantitative expression of the state of solitude in a metropolis such as Moscow, and on the samples of smaller towns, such as Suvorov. The author offers comparative description charts and percentage histograms, outlines the main theses of the test method within the structure of chief indicators. The article also shows the semantic manifestation of solitude as a dualistic psychological phenomenon that doesn’t only consist of the dysphoria caused by the lack of psychological intimacy, but also offers a positive resource for self-realization and self-actualization.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Griber Y.A. —
Japanese model of urban coloristics
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 1.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.1.18298 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18298
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the rules that regulate the urban coloristics in Japan. The author’s task and its solution consist in imagining the Japanese norms of color projection in the context of Japanese culture, and thus preserve them from the destructing reflective symmetry ion perception and assessment. The author thoroughly examines the legislative norms of urban coloristics of Japan, and gives special attention to the analysis of connection of the suggested principles of regulation of the urban coloristics with the Japanese aesthetics, as well as with the established in Japanese culture ideas about beauty and color harmony. The main methodological principle which defines the perspective for examining the Japanese model of urban coloristics consists in shifting of the accent from the form of normative documents to the content of the cultural norms that lie in their foundation, which they are the product of. Scientific novelty lies in determination of specificity of the Japanese model of urban coloristics: main idea of the introduced color restrictions, structure and content of the palette, principles and rules of color schemes. The author underlines that the Japanese urban coloristics carries a “nature-imitating” and “self-developing” character, in which the norms of color design as a rule do not specify a strict color scheme, but give to each city resident a choice to choose it.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sidorov A., Sapron D. —
Models of management of public spaces
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 3.
– P. 29 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.3.19789 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=19789
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Abstract:
The public spaces represent an important element of the physical and social territory of any city. Multiple parameters that assist in describing the quality of life of the residents, including their satisfaction with the environment and place of living, depend on the format of organization of the public spaces. Such circumstance defines the necessity to find the ways of efficient management of the aforementioned objects. Thus article focuses attention on the various models of organization of the work of local self-governance aimed at the development of public spaces. The research is based on the general scientific methodology and examination of the normative legal acts that manifest as certain from the contextual perspective limitations upon the development of possible versions. As the scientific results, the author highlights the public, mixed, and private models of management of the public space. It is noted that due to the specificities of the object, the private model that is present in theory cannot be implemented in practice. The public and mixed models have modifications based on the establishment of the centers of responsibility and centralization/decentralization of administration on one hand, and various organizational-legal forms of public-private partnership – on the other. The formulated conclusions can be used by the self-government authorities in establishment and implementation of municipal policy in the area of development of public spaces.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Spektor D.M. —
To the architecture of space. Essay on theory. Part II
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 90 - 115.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.22971 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22971
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The second part of the study pursues the earlier planned reconstruction of space in its connection with reality. The previously explicated space-time and game relationship continues to be considered in its genesis, which from now on is complemented by an analytics of mutual development of the game and real space. Their direct comparison is preceded by analysis of the category of "real", in the process of which it is revealed as a phenomenon of the New Time and correlated with its conditioning categories: body and process. Such are examined in terms of the growing over recent centuries cohesion of ideology, politics and economics; as a result, "reality" is revealed as the space of their game, which allows explicating its main categories – real space and space of the real (in their dialectics). Accordingly, the method of research consists in the historical and logical reconstruction of the concepts of "reality" and space, their connection and (dialectical) difference; genesis of the method of spatial establishment is associated with "conditioning-realistic" (perception-action). The scientific novelty lies in formulation of the notion of "stich", which seams/unseams the "edges" of reality; It is demonstrated that architecture proceeds from the necessity of exogenous containment of "human nature"; at the same time, its structure (the category of space/time) is related to the game and conditioned by it; furthermore, with evolution of realism, the space/time of the game (archaics) and the reality diverge even to the full glassiness; the real space yields to space of the reality, while total symbolism gives way to signification.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Maslanov E.V. —
City and Internet: shared problems of communication space design
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 57 - 63.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.27038 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=27038
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the consideration of shared problems of communication design in urban spaces and Internet. Special attention is given to the analysis of external factors of the formation of communication in cases of the initial design of communication space. The author examines the typological similarity of communication space design in the Internet and urban spaces, specificity of communication space design in the Internet, and the role of implicit knowledge in formation of communication space. Methodological bases of the work is the “trading zone” concept. The application of this approach allows presenting the urban spaces and communication platforms in the Internet as the local spaces of communication design based on the interaction between the actors. A conclusion is made that the communication design in urban spaces leans of the face-to-face interaction, use of the implicit knowledge and common background – physical space of the city and its conceptualizations; for formation of communication in the Internet is actively used the communication design of platforms that frames the general layer of representations and implicit knowledge, making the communication platforms similar to urban spaces.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Bushkova-Shiklina E., Starikova M.M. —
The assessment of house construction situation and investments in housing development in the regions of Volga Federal District
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 4.
– P. 39 - 52.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.4.30973 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30973
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the assessment of socioeconomic and house construction situation, as well as investments of local authorities and household sector in the development of housing facilities and infrastructure in Volga Federal District. The situation is described on the example of three regions different in the level of socioeconomic development – the Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Kirov Oblast. Analysis is conducted on such parameters as housing quantity, possibility of residential mortgage, strategies for improvement housing conditions, and planned investment volume in housing on the part of population, etc. The research is based on the analysis of the official statistical data on socioeconomic situation, as well as housing and utilities policy in the regions of Volga Federal District; survey that involved population of three cities – Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov (total of 1560 respondents); and expert interview with 25 realtors from the indicated cities. The acquired results allow determining three clusters of the regions in accordance with socioeconomic indexes and characteristics of housing policy: regions-leaders, regions-drivers", and regions-anchors. A more detailed comparative characteristics of the official statistics in three regions – the Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov regions, confirmed the results of clusterization. The population polling of the cities of Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov complemented the picture with specific details on citizens’ perception of their living conditions and readiness to improve them. Interview with the realtors revealed the typical trends in development of house construction and residential property market in the aforementioned cities.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sidorov A., Sapron D. —
The development of public spaces: sociological dimension (on the example of Novosobornaya Square of the city of Tomsk)
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 2.
– P. 9 - 22.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.2.18649 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=18649
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Abstract:
This article examines the questions associated with the instruments of taking into account the position of population in establishment of the municipal policy in the area of development of public spaces. Particularly, the authors underline that various forms of participation of population in implementation of the local self-government allow to the institutions of public administration forming a certain opinion about the need to reform the important urban areas. In addition to that, the authors give attention to the problem of non-involvement of the general public into the process of formation of the urban development landmarks, even despite the fact that the city resident acts as a main consumer of the results of the work of government authorities and administration. The authors suggest conducting full-scale surveys among population related to discussion of the general directions in development of separate urban spaces. The proposed model has been for the first time tested in Tomsk (in 2015) within the frameworks of the Mayor Council on development of the public spaces, in preparation to which was conducted a sociological survey aimed at accumulation of positions of the citizens with regards to development of one of the remarkable places of the city – Novosobornaya Square. The research revealed the problems that are characteristic to this place from the residents’ point of view, as well as what is desired to be accomplished. The results of the survey also demonstrate that in general, the population is satisfied with the work of the local self-government in this regard. The format of the Mayor Council on development of the public spaces became traditional, which testifies to the effectiveness of such form of interaction between the government authorities and the population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Wagner E. —
Complex potential and assessment of efficiency of the functionality of architectural environment of public pedestrian spaces in the context of the established urban development
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 1.
– P. 35 - 50.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.22465 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22465
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Abstract:
This article examines the aspects of assessment of efficiency of the functionality of architectural environment of public pedestrian spaces. Special attention is given to the analysis of characteristics of the pedestrian activity, which reflect the level of social efficiency of functionality of the public pedestrian spaces. In the result of the conducted research, the author determines that each fragment of the pedestrian network represents a dynamic space, the state and functions of which constantly change depending on such factors, as weather conditions, time of the day, mood of the residents, and other that create the circumstances for realization of certain types of activity – processes that reflects the important properties of the architectural environment of urban public spaces. The article examines the classification of process carried out within the architectural environment of the public pedestrian spaces. The author analyzes the existing methods, which allow classifying and assessing the types of pedestrian activity, as well as formulates the methodology of identification of the level of social efficiency of the architectural environment of public pedestrian spaces within the formed urban development. The scientific novelty of the article consists in substantiation and systematization of the processes that take place in the public pedestrian spaces along with their development and classification. The methods and principles laid in the methodology of assessment of the social efficiency of functionality of the public pedestrian spaces allow on the stages of pre-project analyses, internal audit and external expertize of the projects and implemented decisions, determining the format and vectors of reconstruction of the public pedestrian spaces in the conditions of the established urban environment.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Fomina E.V., Barsukova N.I. —
Engineering design and modernization of building-adjacent territories in industrial cities (on the example of Tolyatti)
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 40 - 50.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.25292 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25292
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the urban space of Tolyatti – a large industrial center built during Soviet times. The article analyzes the Soviet and post-Soviet ideas of designing the urban environment. The object of this research is the building-adjacent territories of the most problem, standard residential areas that in a lesser extent correspond with the modern perception of human comfort in urban environment. The need for modernization and harmonization of courtyard spaces for increasing the quality of life of the urban population is demonstrated through the complex environmental approach, namely the engineering design. The authors conduct a correlational analysis of the contemporary design projects of creating the comfortable environment along with the idea resources laid in the project of an “ideal” Soviet industrial city. In the course of this research were determined the positive city-planning ideas of “city of the future” that allow efficiently develop the building-adjacent territories. The authors examine the problematic of the standard residential construction of Tolyatti and transformation of the functions of urban environment, as well as substantiate the role of courtyard as an important territory for increasing the quality of life in the modern industrial city. The concept of a contemporary courtyard space is presented.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Veretennikov D., Vilenskii M.Y. —
Practice of project competitions in Saint Petersburg
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 2.
– P. 11 - 25.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.2.29006 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29006
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the project competitions held in Saint Petersburg since the foundation of the city until the present day. The creative professional competitions in the sphere of architecture, urban planning, monumental art and landscape-environmental design pursuing the best solution of a specific project task are referred to the area of project competitions. The authors examine the evolution of the practice of implementation of competitive method in Saint Petersburg; and determine the most distinctive types of project tasks solved using the competitive method at various stages of city’s development. The competitions are analyzed in accordance with the following aspects: type of design object, format of its social affiliation (individual, collective, public), location within the city-planning pattern (central, peripheral, suburban zones) and relatively to water objects. The main conclusions consist in the evolution trends of the relevant city-planning objectives, determined on the basis of changes of the prevailing themes ad locations of the objects of competitive designing. The analysis of evolution of competitive practice is conducted in accordance with the five historical stages of spatial development of Saint Petersburg, characterizes by the diverse sociopolitical circumstances, peculiarities of urban development policy, and level if institutialization of the practice of holding the project competitions.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Fedchenko I.G., Chui Y.V., Kamalova K.V. —
Trends in formation of residential areas at the beginning of the XXI century
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 49 - 67.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.29356 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=29356
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Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the research on current trends in formation of residential areas of the early XXI century. The dynamic of development of modern cities forms new perceptions on advancement of living spaces. The increase of mobility, multifunctionality, problems of social stratification, segregation, as well as growing dynamic of functional integration of production activity into residential environment and formation of socio-iconological worldview of society lead to visual transformation of residential areas. The global experience of city planning is being infiltrated by the newest 3D-planning solutions of residential development projects, forming new structural components of public spaces, and change social-functional characteristics of residential architecture, which is of particular interest for the modern theory of urban development. The article generalizes the development patterns of urbanized territories of large cities that impact the emergence of new forms of living spaces, new types of public spaces, and residential architecture. Characteristic is given to the modern principles of formation of residential areas. The research is carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the context of scientific project No.18-312-00177.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Smirnova I.G., Dobrynina I.S. —
The impact of personality traits of Chelyabinsk residents upon the perception of information on environmental situation
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 1.
– P. 1 - 11.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.1.37312 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37312
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the residents of Chelyabinsk, while the subject is the anxiety in perception of environmental information. Chelyabinsk was selected as a typical metropolis with the established industrial image, where the existing environmental situation differs from the average in the country. Attention is turned to the problem of environmental anxiety characteristic for people living in large cities. Analysis is conducted on the peculiarities of collective perception of information on environmental problems by urban residents, as well as environmental anxiety that occurs as a response to the environment and related information. It is noted that this problem falls not only under the scope of ecology, but also ecological consciousness of the population and image of the city. The novelty of this research lies in revealing personality traits that contribute or impede the development of anxiety in perception of information by residents of the city. Within the framework of this study, the author developed the projective test for assessing the situational anxiety. For determining personal anxiety and other accentuations, the article employs Smishek's “characterological questionnaire, as well as self-actualization test (SAT). This article is first to provide summary results of all three tests. Several groups of city residents with different response to environmental information are revealed, among which are the groups with personal and situational anxiety. The groups are described in terms of accentuations and personality traits.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kuzmina N.M., Fedorov A.V., Ardasheva O.A., Cheremnykh E.N. —
Greening of historically formed recreation areas in small towns of Russia on the example of Udmurtia cities
// Urban Studies.
– 2022. – № 2.
– P. 57 - 68.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2022.2.37408 EDN: VRYJTR URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37408
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Abstract:
The preservation and popularization of the historical environment of the city represents the involvement of open spaces in social turnover. The purpose of the work is to characterize the floral design of historically developed urban gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities: Izhevsk, Sarapul, Glazov, Votkinsk. A brief history of the studied objects of culture and recreation is presented. The most important component of the aesthetic appeal of gardens and parks is floral decoration. The emotional state of citizens depends on the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of recreation areas. 404 objects of floral decoration were examined using the route method. There are 15 types of floral decoration in the studied area. The features of the typical composition of floral decoration of gardens and parks of Udmurtia cities are noted. A brief description of the qualitative and decorative condition of flower beds is given. The disadvantages of floral design were revealed: poor quality care of plants, flower beds without using the laws of composition, abandoned flower beds of perennials. The positive side can be considered the extensive species composition of perennial flower and ornamental crops. In total, 98 species of ornamental herbaceous plants have been identified and identified in gardens and parks. Annual crops – 27 species, perennial – 71 species. Highly decorative flower beds are marked, only in gardens and parks of Izhevsk. There are 23% of flower beds in the Kirov Central Park and in the Summer Garden named after Gorky's 19% of flower beds have a high decorative rating (4 points). In second place are the flower beds of Glazov gardens and parks. The city parks of Sarapul and Votkinsk have remained at the level of previous decades in terms of their level of well-being, they need to be revitalized in accordance with new concepts of the organization of city parks. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an assessment was given of the quality and decorativeness of the floral decoration of the historically formed recreation areas of the cities of Udmurtia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Khusyainov T.M. —
Coworking centers in modern urban space
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 4.
– P. 14 - 21.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.4.17208 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17208
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Abstract:
This paper examines the concept of coworking and coworking space in modern urban space. In addition to the definition of coworking, the article points out the defining features of this form of working space organization, the so-called "third places" that differ from the more conventional working environments. The author draws attention to the social aspects of this phenomenon and its role in the life of modern Internet-workers, as well as positive social, economic and environmental impact on the modern city, its infrastructure and its environment. The foundation of this work based on the materials of theoretical and empirical research. To determine the popularity of coworking centers of Nizhny Novgorod Internet-workers, we used data from the author's survey conducted in 2013 (N = 140). As we can see coworking centers are gradually becoming part of modern social infrastructure, addressing an important element in the formation of human existence in the city, and enables for the vital activities of separate groups of the population in the urban space and time. The concept of a coworking center solves a number of social, economic and environmental problems that arise in modern cities that affect both its individual residents and larger group.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ordynskaya Y. —
Factors of the formation of settlement systems at the present stage (South of the Russian Far East - Northeast of China).
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 3.
– P. 35 - 43.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43828 EDN: UYODEQ URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=43828
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Abstract:
The study examines the development of the Russian-Chinese border area, defines the existing settlement systems, identifies factors affecting their formation. It is noted that a continuous urbanized territory with an actively developing infrastructure has been formed on the Chinese side. On the part of the Russian border – a small population, a large number of non-growing settlements, with limited specialization. Large areas are formed on the basis of large cities. This trend has determined the direction of "One city – two states": (Khabarovsk – Fuyuan, Zabaikalsk – Manchuria; Blagoveshchensk – Heihe). In the conducted research, the object of study is settlement systems, the subject is the factors of their formation in modern conditions on the territory of the Russian–Chinese border. The aim is to identify the factors of the formation of settlement for further forecasting of the organization of the border territory of Russia and China. The current trend in the region under consideration is that the border spaces are becoming more interconnected with each other, forming a stable system of cross-border communications. And the introduction of sanctions against Russia, namely the "closure" of the European border, caused a change in the direction of the development vector "to the east", which can become a mechanism for the development of border territories. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the structure of the settlement of the south and the Far East at the present stage is considered – namely, the zone of active interaction between the two countries (Russia – China) – the territory along the border. The study identifies and examines the settlement systems of the border zone of Russia and China, as well as the factors of their formation (geographical, enographic, cultural, transport, educational and regional policy).
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Uzhgerenas M.P. —
The last summer residence of the Emperor Nicholas II: role of engineering infrastructure in formation of the “Lower Dacha” in Alexandria Park of Petergof
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 14 - 29.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.24891 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24891
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Abstract:
This article examines the question regarding the preservation of the object of cultural heritage “Lower Dacha” in Saint Petersburg (town of Petergof, Alexandria Park). In the course of architectural and archeological explorations, have been discovered the remnants of the underground engineer communications of sewerage through ceramic pipes. Such discovery confirms the assumption that the construction of buildings at the lower terrace of the park in the riverine conditions of shallow water and spring flowage was possible in terms of solving a number of engineering and ecological tasks. The article applies the system-structural method of studying the archival funds that contain geographical materials of engineering and executive documentation, photo images, explanatory notes, as well as bills for construction supplies and executed services. The result of the research lies in determination of the role of engineering infrastructure in establishment and development of the architectural complex “Lower Dacha” – as the basic document to justification of its historical and cultural values and need for its preservation. Despite the fact that it was not the primary residence of the Emperor Nicholas II, but rather the favorite country retreat of the family, signifying the birth of three daughters of the Emperor and the crown prince Alexey, it symbolizes multiple remarkable memories and events in the history of Russia.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sadkovskaya O. —
Spatial concept of organization of coastal areas of the Temernik River
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 3.
– P. 57 - 75.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.3.30259 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=30259
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Abstract:
This article is prepared on the basis of results obtained from the scientific research “Formation of the universal concept of development of coastal areas of the Temernik River in Rostov-On-Don” conducted by the Scientific Research and Design Institute of Urban Planning in accordance with state task of Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector of Rostov Oblast for executing the applied scientific research; as well as summarizes a number of projects and publications dedicated to the topic of rehabilitation of the Temernik River. Degradation of the small lowland river Temernik as a consequence of the development of the city Rostov-On-Don negatively affects not only the urban ecology, but also the image of riverine areas, which gradually led to “rejection” of the urban fabric from the river. In terms of the constant compaction of urban fabric and increasing deficiency of pedestrian spaces, rehabilitation of the Temernik River valley manifests as a possibility of a new stage of development of the urban infrastructure. In the course of studying the riverine areas, the author assess three indicators: access, populace, and landscape. The author develops visual triangle-based diagrams, where on three of its axes are plotted the approximate values of the aforementioned indicators. The analysis of the diagrams allows determining the boundaries of areas, which can be potentially transform into the public recreation spaces. The author proposes the approach towards examination of the Temernik River valley; carries out differentiation of coastal areas; outlines the territories that hold potential of being transformed to the public recreation spaces; develops the pattern of organization of public recreation spaces formed within the coastal area of the Temernik River, taking into account the implementation of eco technologies and cognitive approach towards designing urban spaces. The formation of hybrid spaces, which are able to integrate eco technologies, landscape, pedestrian spaces, infrastructure, and others underlie the creation of spatial concept of coastal areas of the Temernik River.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Viazinkin A., Dvukhzhilova I.V. —
The problem of virtual reconstructions of “places of commemoration” in light of the spatial cultural turn
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 3.
– P. 1 - 8.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.3.32423 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=32423
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Abstract:
This article examines the problem of historical-cultural significance of virtual reconstructions of places of commemoration and creation of digital museums in the context of spatial turn in cultural sciences. “Places of commemoration” are viewed not only as the objects of virtual reconstruction, but also as the sources of social constructs and social practices, as the elements of cultural capital of the city. In this vein, the projects of digital museums can be viewed as the program for creation of commemorative environment, which in turn, contributes to formation and development of the sense of solidarity in the society. An interdisciplinary approach is realized through the use of methodology of historical and culturological studies, with consideration of the so-called spatial turn in cultural sciences, as well as technologies of virtual design and mathematical modeling. Formation of commemorative environment and civil identity is intensified by any form of reference (including virtual space) to the places of commemoration as to the landmarks of social memory and tradition, key components of historical capital of the city. The projects of virtual reconstruction (creation of digital museum) of memorial places using software platforms with an open code OpenSimulator should be perceived as “augmented reality” of historical capital of the city.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Vasil'eva E.Y., Frolova E.V., Rogach O.V. —
Exercising the right to shelter for orphans and children abandoned by their parents in the Russian Federation
// Urban Studies.
– 2020. – № 1.
– P. 104 - 121.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.31810 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31810
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Abstract:
The object of this research is the Russian practice of providing shelter to orphans and children abandoned by their parents. The authors examine such aspects of the problem as availability and capability of timely provision of shelter to orphans after release from orphanage, as well as mechanisms of exercising right to shelter for this social group. Special attention is given to the dysfunctions in the work of regional and municipal authorities regarding creation of environment enabling orphans to exercise such right. The information framework for this research consists of federal and regional normative-legislative acts, as well as information and analytical data forwarded by the regional authorities to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation for the period of 2014-2019. A conclusion is made that the modern practice of providing shelter for orphans is a prerequisite for development of social injustice regarding families, in which parents diligently carry out their obligations, lead socially acceptable lifestyle, but are unable to provide their children with separate housing. The solution to this situation can come from creation of housing that cannot be privatized or be subject to alienation and made available for social renting.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kazakova G.M., Ryazanova A.Y. —
Formation of regional identity as drivers of economic development of the region and the city
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 3.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.3.22480 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22480
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Regional identity is viewed as an important factor in the interaction of power and culture. In the context of cultural and socioeconomic approaches, regional identity is defined as a unique set of properties of a localized territory, its "subjectness" and production-economic, competitive, cultural-political "specialty." On the example of the South Ural region - the Chelyabinsk region and the metropolis of Chelyabinsk, options and possibilities of power elites for designing regional identity through sociocultural projects, such as: historical, cultural, natural landscape, industrial, international, sports project, enlargement project, identity project . The positions are argued that sociocultural identification scenarios of the regional authorities can become a driver of innovative development of the region, attract investments and qualified promising labor resources, promote economic breakthrough of the territory and raise the quality of life of the population.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Suvorov A. —
An overview of the possibilities of nonlinear deformation model in analyzing the formation and development of the nagel effect
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 2.
– P. 70 - 75.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.2.23385 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23385
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This article reviews the possibility of application of nonlinear deformation model in studying the nagel effect. The nagel effect is the ability of armature to transmit the force perpendicular to its axis. This effect occurs in terms of the phenomenon of slip of the two edges of an inclined crack. And this slip is impeded, along with the force of engagement along theadges of the crack, by the intersected by this crack longitudinal reinforcement. And as a result, nagel’s deformation can be defined as the difference in deformations of two blocks separated by an inclined crack. The phenomenon of nagel effect is quite complicated and requires the introduction in the algorithm of its description of the nonlinear parameters of the environment of its formation and development. The nonlinear deformation model is optimally suited for determining the nature of the distribution of forces in the zone of transverse bending of the reinforced concrete element. The stress-strain state (SSS) of the oblique section requires more computational dependencies due to the complexity of describing the biaxial stress state in this zone. Modern regulatory techniques for the calculation of sloping sections have in their composition many empirical and semi-empirical dependences, which do not allow to fully estimate the SSS of the oblique section. The provisions proposed in this article represent a new perspective of the development of nonlinear deformation model and will allow making a contribution to the development of normative algorithms for calculating the cross sections in the zone of transverse bending.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kuzmina N.V. —
Cultural landscapes of Russian metropolises: symbolic-semiotic aspect
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 1.
– P. 51 - 58.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.1.25394 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25394
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This article gives special attention to the question of formation of the cultural landscape as a constant process of semiosis, which instrument in the Russian metropolises is the symbolic-semiotic engineering. The traditional component of cultural landscapes penetrates all sociocultural systems and procures their existence. It forms the “collective memory” of urban community and separate social groups, thus ensuring the succession in their development that manifests as an essential condition in preserving social order. The innovative component, in turn, expresses the ability of metropolitan society to adjust to the rapidly transforming surrounding world, which allows solving the most relevant for the society and human issues. Methodological foundation of uncovering the imagery of Russian metropolises contains the theory of micro-urbanism of O. Berdnikova and O. Zaporozhets; visual sociology (visual anthropology) of R. Flaherty, J. Rouchm, R. Gardner, M. Mead; as well as the theory of spatial representation of culture of Setha M. Low. The author comes to a conclusion that in the process of symbolic-semiotic engineering of the Russian metropolises, the key centers of which are the cultural landscape, it is necessary to reproduce the familiar to city residents symbols and signs, structure the images of metropolis that are capable to encourage the social creativity as an essential mechanism of the dynamics of urban culture.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Shilina E.N. —
Smoking as a form of deviant behavior among the megalopolis residents
// Urban Studies.
– 2016. – № 2.
– P. 23 - 28.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2016.2.16106 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16106
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The paper analyzes the social consequences of smoking. Particular attention is paid to the spread of smoking among urban youth. Smoking is rated as one of the forms of social deviance. Traces the economic, social and socio-cultural effects of tobacco use, says the relationship of smoking with urban lifestyle. The author raises the question about the causes of the wide spread of this type of deviation in modern society, especially among young people, and at the same time expresses the assumption that it is associated with tolerance of smoking in society in general. The author makes his conclusions on the basis of a poll conducted among students of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering based on the step-by-step selection. In order to distract the youthfrom bad habits, there is a need for an effective counter-propaganda. It is necessaryto find new ways of agitation and propaganda in favor of a healthy lifestyle, bas well as ut also to provide leisure for teenagers and young people predominantly on the budgetary basis. Only the implementation of active measures is able to save the young generation from the harmful tobacco smoke.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Neustroeva A.B., Semenova L.A. —
The peculiarities of displacement of the indigenous minorities of the North in the territories of natural resource management of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 4.
– P. 22 - 35.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.4.24896 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24896
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Abstract:
In the conditions of industrial development of the Arctic and the North, the questions of preservation of the traditional natural resource management of the indigenous minorities of the North, their legal and socioeconomic situation, protection of rights and interests gain particular relevance. This article considers the problem and specifics of creating the territories of the traditional natural resource management in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The authors meticulously analyze the population dynamics and displacement pattern of the five indigenous peoples of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the territories of traditional natural resource management. The study contains the data from the national censuses and statistical indexes; the geoinformation approach allowed visualizing the assessment results in form of the thematic maps. The use of geoinformation approach an important tool from the perspective of realization of the regional socioeconomic monitoring. The acquired data demonstrate that currently the majority of territories of the traditional natural resource management in the republic are established within the agricultural communities (“nasleg”) and occupy over 50% of the region’s territory. The research illustrated that the portion of the indigenous minorities of the North residing only within the territories of traditional natural resource management comprised 59% of the total number, and the rest 41% resided either in the urban areas or localities where the territories of the traditional natural resource management have not been created.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Baklyskii P.V., Baklyskaia L.E. —
Landmarked buildings in the urban environment and Khabarovsk’s experience of their preservation
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 1.
– P. 18 - 33.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.1.34993 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=34993
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The subject of this research is the problem of preservation of historical heritage aggravated to rapid urbanization, which is characteristic to many developing cities. Special attention is given to the existing trends of total destruction of historical and cultural monuments in the conditions of dense urban fabric. The relevance is defined by the dynamically increasing process of degradation, and at times, full destruction of environmental objects that are listed as state protected. The theoretical framework of this research is comprised of the system-environmental approach, which views the urban environment surrounding the landmarked object as a system that is in direct interaction with it. The novelty consists in practical application of theoretical provisions of the system-environmental approach to the specific conditions of Khabarovsk. Having explored over two dozen of landmarked buildings of the city, the authors reveal the contradiction between legislation intended for legal regulation of the protection and use of architectural heritage and the actual city practice of exploitation of historical buildings by the new owners of the landmarks. The study was conducted in cooperation and on behalf of Khabarovsk Regional Center for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. The results are used in practical activity of the center and in development of its strategic goals.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Pryadko I.P. —
V.G. Shukhov: the architect's portrait before two eras
// Urban Studies.
– 2014. – № 1.
– P. 39 - 50.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.1.12337 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=12337
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This paper analyzes several separate aspects of the work of the outstanding Russian engineer and architect, Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov, and evaluates his projects of innovation. As the brightest examples of this, the author chose the main railroad project of the scholar - the débarcadère section of the Kiev railway terminal and the famous radio tower in Shabolovka. Shukhov was a virtuoso who managed to combine functional technological qualities (ease of use, technical simplicity) and aesthetics, the most important of which is the commensurability of the building and the surrounding landscape. The article focuses attention on the similarities in the approach to architecture between Schukhov and modern biotech, which suggests that the Russian architect employed the analogy method. The second part of the article explores the methodology of V.G. Shukhov's work. The biomorphic analogies, created by Shukhov's patents, are on-demand by world architecture's celebrities. Aesthetic tastes that developed with the contribution of the works by the Russian genius, continue to dominate modern engineering practices to this day.Methodological aspects of Shukhov's creativity are a good reason to return to the topic of "Shukhov and the social and cultural dynamic of the XX century", to address the issue of the synthesis of cultures - the technological and science culture, and the humanitarian culture that persisted in this period of time.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Maslanov D.V. —
New information and communication technologies for municipal governance: crowdsourcing is a tool for improving citizen-City interaction
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 4.
– P. 1 - 13.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.4.17246 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17246
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This article discusses communication and information technologies, crowdsourcing in particular, which has been used successfully in some regions to improve the interaction between citizens and the local government, resulting in more efficient improvement of the "urban environment". In addition, an inflation of democratic values, or recession of democracy is a modern reality around the globe , therefore the demand for a solidification of legitimacy of municipal power. The city government is better at responding to the needs of the society through crowdsourcing. The credibility of the authorities is increased, thereby increasing its legitimacy in the eyes of the population. The article discusses the experience of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod in the creation of crowdsourcing platforms aimed at improving the "urban environment". The author comes to the conclusion that the use of crowdsourcing platforms can be very popular to improve "the urban environment" both by society and the government. The use of the resource of active citizens in crowdsourcing projects and e-referendums as they do in Moscow besides the obvious reputational benefits that brings city government to the economic and management benefits.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Baklyskaia L.E., Chukmareva E.A., Fisheva N.O. —
Atrium on the university campus
// Urban Studies.
– 2023. – № 3.
– P. 44 - 59.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2023.3.43888 EDN: VGZYKH URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=43888
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The article discusses atrium spaces in the university environment. The subject of the study is the architectural and design organization of informal learning spaces (open atriums). The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of the practical implementation of the ideas and principles of using atrium spaces in the design of the learning environment, including when developing a detailed plan for the creation of an intercollegiate campus on the basis of the Pacific National University (PNU) in the city of Khabarovsk. Campus concepts involve a large number of open educational spaces and transformable classrooms. Particular attention is paid to the study of students' preferences in determining the key characteristics of spaces for informal learning that determine their use. The novelty of the research may be the identification of design features of informal learning spaces (open atriums) and consideration of techniques for shaping environmental objects of this type from general design principles to the development of subject content. The case study was conducted at the Department of Architectural Environment Design of Pacific National University. Mixed research methods were used, including observation, visual analysis, questionnaires and interviews, as well as testing of theoretical conclusions in diploma and course projects of students of PNU. The main results of the work are the basis for further research and can be used to develop future strategies for designing informal learning spaces.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Pryadko I.P. —
Biosphere and social processes in the aspect of strategic design of urban environment
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 1.
– P. 88 - 101.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.1.23227 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=23227
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Abstract:
This article discusses the problem of social meaning and the role of urban development and architect. The author brings up the key concern for the modern architectonics and design of urbanized territories regarding consideration of the requirements of preservation of nature, adjacent landscape for the harmonious coexistence of biosphere and urban communities. The research juxtaposes the principles of the arrangements of anthropogenic space in the context of Eastern (China and Japan) and Western cultures, as well as traces the application of such principles in modern architecture with biotech vector. Leaning on the results of document analysis, sociological survey, and comparative-historical method, the author gives recommendation to architects and city planners with regards to studying social and environmental needs of the residents of urbanized territories. The scientific novelty is defined by the perspective upon the functions of design and architecture, viewed as the components of unified system of measures on the arrangement of biosphere-compatible space in large metropolitan cities. The conclusion is made on the prospects of using the principles of architecture and landscape biotech design in creating urban environment convenient for people. The author criticizes the idea of “super comfort”, which manifested as an objective of industrial and landscapes designs of the industrial era. The concept of “strategic” design is being introduced.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Sertakova E.A., Gerasimova A.A. —
The image of the city of Krasnoyarsk in xylography, and the regional identity problem
// Urban Studies.
– 2015. – № 2.
– P. 89 - 99.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.2.16355 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16355
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Abstract:
This article devotes attention to the relevant issue of loss of identity by Russian citizens, and Krasnoyarsk region citizens, in particular. The unique Siberian character, the local environment and the Siberian way of life is perceived in a different way in modern times. The influence of foreign cultural influence of Western countries alter the perceptions of tradition, norms and values among the society. Like never before, the regional culture of Krasnoyarsk region needs cultural models which are capable of demonstrating Siberian identity, of awakening people's self-consciousness as Siberians, of invoking the feeling of pride for their smaller Motherland. Such models may come i the form of art that translates deep ideas and meanings through its presence and senses.
The methodology of this study includes theoretical concepts of the modern theory of visual arts, as well as the theory of art criticism.
The author provides an example that proves this hypotheses - a visual art of graphic, and xylography as its subtype. Of the graphic pieces that help form Siberian identity, the author chose the works of the Artisans of the German Pashtov Siberian Xylography school. The goal of the analysis is to discover the mental characteristics of Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, and Siberians who may be considered the audience of the art. As a result, the author discovered that in the works of the Artisans of the German Pashtov Siberian Xylography school the images of Siberia in its various manifestations (the city, nature, people, relations, etc.) truly demonstrate ideas that contribute towards the formation of Siberian identity.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ivanov O., Ilinskaya Y. —
Mediation in city-planning conflicts
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 1 - 10.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.22594 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22594
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Abstract:
This article examines the phenomenon of city-planning conflicts in modern Russia, as well as possibility of their efficient management by means of mediation procedure. Attention is focused on the factors that caused changes in urban space in the process of continuous urbanization and effect of the economic interest upon the character of urban development. The urban environment is viewed as consumer space; the city-planning conflicts are studied based on the practical material. The authors provide definition to the city-planning conflict and determine the structures that generate such conflict. From the perspective of systemic approach and with consideration of the existing city-planning theories, the article analyzed the nature of occurrence and development of the conflict situations within the urban realm. The need is substantiated for examination and consideration of the urban conflicts by the experts in the field of conflictology and mediation. The authors conduct analysis of the flaws in legal regulation in the area of mediation procedure applicable to the city-planning conflicts, as well as suggest measures on improvement of legislation in this sphere. Conclusion is made on the possibility and purposefulness of implementation of mediation as an efficient tool for managing the city-planning conflicts alongside their resolution upon the condition of the substantial increase of the role of mediation and mediators and necessary amendments to the existing legislation.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Gorelova Y.R., Gefner O.V. —
The problem of structuring urban territories in perception of city dwellers (on the materials of Novosibirsk)
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 3.
– P. 134 - 140.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.3.26690 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=26690
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the structural-spatial perceptions of the city dwellers. Within the framework of this article, the author presents the results of sociological survey conducted in the city of Novosibirsk focused on the examination of specificity of spatial perception of the city residents of central and suburban territories of their city. As a result, the author determined the spaces attributable to the center or suburbs; factors that influence the perception of certain spaces as central or of increased value; specifies the conceptual parameters of the center in perception of the residents of large city. The main research method is the questionnaire, using the principle of quota sample based on consideration of demographic characteristics of parent population. The results of research allow assessing the specificity of the structural-spatial perception of city dwellers of the place of their residence; can be used in city-planning solutions; and development of the conceptual bases for the regional cultural policy. The majority of answers is defined by the objective characteristics of life in the large cities, such as considerable size, accelerated pace of life, environmental problems, high level of visual monotony of the environment mostly presented by the objects of prefabricated housing, etc.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Semenova O.V., Butovskaya M.L. —
Birth rate in the modern Russian society: the role of economic and cultural factors in the conditions of increasing globalization
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 2.
– P. 49 - 63.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.2.28966 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=28966
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Abstract:
Understanding the nature of birth rate decline in the postindustrial world is a crucial task for a broad range of experts. It remains unclear what became the major motive for the switch of reproductive models in the highly urbanized world: the growing role of economic expenditure in a competitive urban environment or the result of manifestation of the new cultural norms of reproductive behavior via diffusion changing the modern demographic landscape. The theoretical part of the work familiarizes the audience with the main conclusions of the two competing hypotheses: the impact of economic versus of cultural factors upon the current birth rate. The practical part represents a quantitative study. As a result of application of the statistical methods of analysis in interviewing the Russian citizens, the author assesses the impact of economic and cultural factors upon birth rate, considering the factor of increasing urbanization. The article applies an interdisciplinary approach, as well as introduces into the scientific discourse the new materials of evolutionary ecology as one of the bases of human reproductive behavior. The analytical part focuses on the questions of population density (urbanization), its influence on birth rate in the observed cultures, taking into account the economic parameters.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zvonareva P.P., Filipskaya I.V., Yangulova I.V. —
Rational approach towards renovation of public spaces in Krasnoyarsk
// Urban Studies.
– 2021. – № 3.
– P. 42 - 55.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2021.3.36219 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=36219
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Abstract:
This article examines public spaces in the urban environment of Krasnoyarsk and outlines current trends in design. The object of this research is the territories with hydraulic structures – fountains, which have lost their attractiveness and relevance, currently undergo dismantling and remodeling. The author analyzes the needs of Krasnoyarsk residents, latest trends in design and organization of public spaces in Krasnoyarsk. The article describes remodeling of the two most popular fountains of the city as most popular for promenades: the fountain “Adam and Eve”, which now is the sculpture “Valentine and Valentina”; and the fountain “The Seize of Europe”. The research is based on the method of analysis and synthesis of public opinion determined in the course of questionnaires, expert assessments and scientific inquiries regarding the dynamics of urban development. The analysis of beautification of streets of Krasnoyarsk allows assessing the current state of the outdoor furniture in recreation areas. Examples are provided of both a successful approach towards layout of public urban spaces, as well as the projects which potential has not been fulfilled. The author proposes new layout solutions that take into account complex needs of the consumer. The theme of beautification of territory around the fountain remains relevance, and urban planning departments are interested in selecting high-quality outdoor furniture with consideration of color and texture of the materials, laws of rational composition, and maintainability.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A. —
Prostitution as a form of social deviation in Urban environment
// Urban Studies.
– 2013. – № 1.
– P. 17 - 30.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2013.1.10463 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=10463
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Abstract:
The process of large-scale urbanization, which began in XIX century, resulted in not only to the rapid growth of cities, but also in broad spread of urban lifestyle. Along with positive effects of this process, we can also see negative consequences, like the quantitative growth of social deviation. Prostitution as a form of human trafficking is an indispensable segment of urban culture, even to this day. Only by studying its nature can we find methods of its eradication. The author examines modern period prostitution as an urban social anomaly, basing his research on documents, memoires, published media by both, foreign and domestic authors. The article shows the roots of study on prostitution, as well as the circumstances for its emergence and growth in Russia. Prostitution as a form of human trafficking deserves condemnation not only in public opinion, religious organizations, but within authorities, as well. Only by working together can we save the fairer sex from defilement, as long as we remember the hundreds of thousands of broken lives.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Gorelova Y.R. —
Urban environment in perception of residents of a large provincial city (on the example of Omsk)
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 1.
– P. 51 - 60.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.21203 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21203
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Abstract:
This article presents the results of sociological research aimed at identifying the characteristics of the urban environment perception of the inhabitants of a large provincial city (on Omsk data). As a result, the author formulates a list of parameters covered in this study. The main parameters are the following : firstly, the assessment of the subjective perception of citizens of the visual characteristics of urban environment (including aesthetic, formal (size, structure, composition); secondly, the assessment of the level of emotional perception (based on a list of basic and secondary emotional state); and thirdly, the additional features aimed primarily at identifying the parameters inherent to urban lifestyle author characterizes the dynamics of the research interest in urban space perception problems. The author develops an original version of semantic differential consisting of twenty polar scales defined by the pairs of antonymous adjectives. Within the framework of this research, the pairs of antonymous adjectives are deliberately mixed between the blocks, but in the preparation of the questionnaire, the author takes into account the existence of such conceptual blocks as the visual characteristics of space, emotional perception, and additional characteristics. The results of the research allow estimating the current state of perception of the inhabitants of the city environment of their stay, and can be applied in the development of urban solutions alongside the conceptual foundations of regional cultural policy. Most of the responses are determined by the objective characteristics of lifestyle in the large cities, such as substantial size, rapid pace of life, environmental problems, a high level of protection provided by the visual monotony largely objects panel construction and others.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Zhigaltsova T. —
Descriptive and emotional perception of the architectural spatial environment of a small arctic city
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 4.
– P. 20 - 27.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.4.24519 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=24519
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Abstract:
This article examines the image of a small arctic city and the architectural spatial environment based o the survey results of the dwellers of Far North. As an example is taken the city of Nikel in Murmansk Region that is located in arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The goal of this work consists in researching the place of residence; determination of correlation between the image of a city and the residence time; gender and age of residents; identification of places of emotional attachment; compiling a map of polar emotopia – favored and disfavored places among the dwellers of Nikel. The source base of this work is comprised by the results of anonymous survey conducted in January of 2017 among the local residents. The author makes a conclusion on the ned for implementing preventative measures in the places of emotional attachment with the help of converting the negative emotions into positive pertinent to the particular city loci and space overall for the purpose of preserving and strengthening the mental and psycho-emotional environment of a small city.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Skudenkov V.A. —
Gender peculiarities of socioeconomic pretensions (on the example of city dwellers of Irkutsk Region)
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 2.
– P. 50 - 58.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2018.2.25521 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=25521
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Abstract:
The objects of this work is the gender peculiarities of city dwellers in perception, evaluation, and realization of socioeconomic pretensions. The author demonstrates the traditional values and models of social interaction, as well as egalitarian strategies of social adaptation and modelling of personal behavior under the influence of external factors. Relevance of the article is expressed in determination of gender discrepancies within urban environment to socioeconomic pretensions. Particular attention is given to the outside environment of the emergence of socioeconomic pretensions and existing socio-cultural orientations dominant in urban environment. The method of research is the questionnaire survey (random sample of 2,200 people), as well as the non-structured expert interview (22 people). The main conclusion is substantiated by the fact that the socioeconomic pretension of men and women form differently in urban environment, depending on the traditional foundations and external conditions of socialization and life in a particular city. Though not a complete rejection of the traditional values, the research determined a substantial modelling (deviation) in the male and female behavior from the traditionally assigned scenario.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Ishmuratova D.F. —
Migration factor in development of human capital
// Urban Studies.
– 2019. – № 4.
– P. 15 - 20.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2019.4.31505 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=31505
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Abstract:
In modern conditions, human capital manifests as one of the leading factors of socioeconomic development. The efficient management over its formation and usage requires taking into accounts the specificity of these processes, as well as the impacting factors. One of them is the differentiation of the regions in human capital stock affected by the migration processes that reallocate it between the regions, as well as between a city and rural areas. The subject of this research is the internal migration within Russia viewed in the context of interregional migration and urbanization processes. The empirical foundation is the descriptive analysis of statistical data, complemented by examination of factors substantiating the dynamics of population migration rates. The analysis of statistical data demonstrates the vector of intraregional and interregional migration flows, which simultaneously boost or reduce the potential of different regions with regards to human capital. Most attractive for the migrants are the large cities and adjacent areas. The factors affecting the intensity and vector of migration remain the presence or absence of educational facilities, job opportunities and decent salaries, developed social infrastructure and a desire to achieve certain standard of living.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Boltaevskii A.A. —
Transport as the foundation of a modern city
// Urban Studies.
– 2018. – № 4.
– P. 88 - 95.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.1.17047 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17047
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Abstract:
Transport is the foundation of modern society; especially its role is noticeable in the conditions of megalopolis. Namely the development of communication means allowed expanding the urban limits, avoiding the population overcrowding, and as an aftermath, unsanitary conditions, shifting towards the era of suburbanization. However, the advancement of continuous-flow production led to the rapid increase in the number of personal vehicles. The collapse in megalopolises is a result of explosive vehicle-to-population ratio, reducing the public transport park, particularly tramways. In fact, human movement on the roads became independent from their objectives, but rather relates to a significant element of chance. The author compares the various conceptual schemes and options of their implementation in terms of establishment of the city transportation systems. The author leans on theory of postmodernism of Jean Baudrillard. The future of urban transport can carry only social character. The priority vector is the toughening of requirements to the vehicles, including the reduction of the entrance areas and development of subways, dual-mode buses, and express tramways. The positive example of Copenhagen and Curitiba, as well as the actions of the Moscow authorities testify to the fact that making a city comfortable, accessible to all social groups, is realistic in the foreseeable future.
Citations count: 1
Reference:
Kobets P.N. —
Peculiarities of counteracting terrorism in large cities and metropolitan areas
// Urban Studies.
– 2017. – № 2.
– P. 65 - 80.
DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.2.22508 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=22508
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Abstract:
The subject of this research is the criminological, sociological, legal and statistical characteristics of terrorist crime in the large cities and metropolitan areas, as well as the activities aimed at its prevention. For this purpose, the author attempts to highlight the complex criminological issues of theoretical nature related to the functioning and improvement of the system for preventing crime of terrorist nature in major cities and metropolitan areas for possible further elaboration of the scientifically substantiated recommendations aimed at improving the criminal and social policy for minimizing the consequences of terrorist crime. Covering the peculiarities of counteracting urban terrorism, the author describes social danger of the examined phenomenon, reveals its legislative base, as well as mentiones the organizational framework of counter-terrorism. A brief reference to the problems of interpretation of law and law enforcement in the field of counteracting terrorism is provided. The article also raises a question about the need for revising and correcting the main definitions that characterize urban terrorism, offering an original definition of urban terrorism. The author gives assessment to the current terrorist threats in the large cities and metropolitan areas, ways, means, and consequences of terrorist attack. Motivation of urban terrorism alongside the specificities of strategy of the urban terrorists are being examined. The aspects of such important issue as recruiting of civilians into the terrorist organizations are being touched upon. The author comes concludes that in terms of the urban environment, terrorism has become more complex, diverse, and difficult to predict. Analyzing the existing system of terrorism prevention in the cities, the author notes the need for establishing the more efficient system for counteracting the urban terrorism. Scientific novelty of the research is defined by the system analysis of urban terrorism.
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