Abstract: The article examines the system of urban planning regulation and rationing of mass sports facilities in the largest cities of Russia. The lack of an interconnected system of sports facilities with the planning features of the largest city is one of the most important problems considered in the article. Rationing and regulation are the most important tools for the implementation of any infrastructure systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of the necessary transformation of the system of urban planning regulation and rationing of mass sports infrastructure facilities for the largest cities, taking into account their intensive growth and development of agglomeration processes. The evolutionary development of the system of urban planning regulation of sports infrastructure is considered. To analyze modern regulation and rationing, the documentation of twelve major Russian cities (urban planning standards, master plans, rules of land use and development, infrastructure programs) was analyzed. Based on the analysis of normative documents of three stages of the development of the urban planning regulation system: Soviet (1922-1991), post-Soviet (1991-2000), as well as the modern stage (2000-2023), the main trends and aspects inherent in each stage of regulation of sports infrastructure were identified. Their influence on the modern system of urban planning regulation is determined. An assessment of urban planning standards is proposed according to five criteria: standardized types of sports facilities, their spatial levels, the number of indicators, the provision of facilities for the population and territorial accessibility. The rating of the cities was compiled based on the proposed assessment. The main problems of urban planning regulation and standardization of sports infrastructure facilities are identified. Recommendations for improving the urban planning approach to the formation of sports infrastructure facilities for mass sports in the largest cities are proposed.

Keywords: municipal programs, rules of land use and development, master plan, urban planning, urban planning standards, largest cities, urban planning rationing, urban planning regulation, mass sport, sports infrastructure

Abstract: The problem of the life cycle of cities located in extreme climatic conditions of the North is studied. For the first time it is stated that the northern settlements have to be split-off into a separate category speaking about the concept of the city life cycle. It is emphasized, that there is the fundamental difference between the territories of extreme climatic conditions of the North and regions in the south. The subject of the study is represented by factors that influence on the appearance of the northern city and the duration of its life cycle. In the course of the study, three main factors were identified: 1. Features of the physical and geographical conditions of the area, 2. Possible functional purposes of the main vectors of the city's development, 3. Substance of the population. The groups of parameters that regulate the variability and the main essence of each of the proposed factors are also described. First of all the research methods involve the analysis of the references and the approaches of defining the concept of city life cycle. Further, by induction method, the factors influencing the city life cycle duration and the appearance of the northern city are formulated. The result of the study is to demonstrate the approach of the formation of the typological appearance of northern settlements. A factor-by-factor analysis is proposed – sequential analysis of the main factors determining the nature of the settlement (climate, functional vector of development, population), and then the choice of architectural, spatial and planning characteristics of the settlement (such as: solving the issue of interaction with the climate; mutual location of functional zones; estimated life of the building; the principle of territory development; interaction with the environment). It is emphasized that the northern city life cycle depends on these factors. The prospect of further research boils down to the formation of a matrix of possible typologies of the northern city, depending on the extremes of climatic conditions, the presence of vectors of functional development, the composition of the population, as well as its architectural and urban appearance.

Keywords: typology of settlements, Northern settlements, planning features, population of North, city life cycle, functional development vector, shift inhabitation, architectural-spatial aspect, functional areas, extreme climatic conditions

Abstract: In the article, the author examines the use of the concept of "healing architecture" in order to organize inclusive spaces in such facilities, such as cultural and entertainment institutions, as well as methods used in the design of inclusive theaters designed for people with physical or psychological disabilities, the main techniques used to create a comfortable environment in such projects. The main object of this research is inclusive theater spaces. The main purpose of the study is to explore the possibility of organizing inclusive theaters using the methods of the "Healing Architecture" concept used in the organization of medical and rehabilitation institutions. In the course of the work, the method of analyzing research on the topic and existing projects was used, as well as theoretical analysis, identification and consideration of the main techniques for designing inclusive spaces and the possibility of their use in the design process of inclusive theaters. The novelty of this study lies in the consideration of the concept of healing architecture, from the side of using its techniques in the design of cultural and entertainment institutions, such as inclusive theaters. As a result of the research, the main methods of organizing space used to create a "healthy" environment in medical buildings were considered, as well as their benefits in organizing inclusive theatrical institutions designed for multi-group visitors, projects designed for people with physical and psychological health characteristics were selected and studied, and the basic techniques of organizing space in the buildings selected for analysis. The result of the study was a number of proposals for the organization of the theater space, taking into account the concepts of inclusive and rehabilitation architecture, for groups of people with increased needs.

Keywords: organization methods, inclusive spaces, healing architecture, cultural and entertainment institutions, rehabilitation, theater space, architecture, inclusive theater, spectator areas, stage

Abstract: The work presents a systematic picture of the development of the historical core of the architectural ensemble of the central main street of the city of Khabarovsk – Muravyov-Amursky, which was formed during the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, and is currently of absolute interest from the point of view of studying the history of regional architecture of the pre-revolutionary period associated with the economic development of the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, the construction of new cities and settlements and the creation of transport infrastructure that connected the Pacific region with the central part of the country. The study was based on materials obtained by the authors during the study of scientific and local history literature, Internet resources and archival searches, as well as their own field surveys of street development. As a result, the stylistic and space-planning characteristics of the buildings and structures included in the ensemble, determined by the specifics of the development of the city and its architectural and construction complex, were considered. The study showed that the status of Khabarovsk as the administrative center of the Amur Governor-General and, as a consequence, the presence in it of three categories of customers: the city administration, the military department and private merchants, as well as the characteristics of local building materials, determined the typological and form-creative diversity of the ensemble of the central street of the city , which developed during the period under review in four stylistic systems: Russian style, retrospectivism, “brick” style and modernism. The authors identified a range of problems of interaction between historical buildings and new construction objects, which are actively being introduced into the urban fabric and changing the perception of the cultural landscape of the city.

Keywords: brick eclecticism, Russian style, Art Nouveau, historical and cultural landscape, ensemble, Muravyov Amursky street, Khabarovsk, heritage, history, architecture

Abstract: The work is dedicated to identifying and defining the figurative and spatial characteristics of railway stations constructed in Shenyang during the first half of the 20th century. In the course of the study, the main architectural and compositional techniques employed by architects for the construction of railway stations in Russia, the South, the North, and the East are examined in detail. The stylistic traits that are associated with Western European, Chinese, and Japanese architectural traditions are identified. The brief history of the construction of these stations is reviewed, as well as the objects that served as models for the planned structures. The author examines how each station influenced the formation of the urban composition and development. As part of the research, three approaches to station design were identified based on national characteristics. Russian designers considered these stations to be secondary, which is reflected in the use of standardized design techniques and lack of elaboration in urban planning. Japanese architects designed the station based on the typology of similar facilities in the city. An integrated approach was taken, with the station originally planned as the center of a residential development project. Chinese builders sought to demonstrate the independence of their national architecture from foreign influences, resulting in the creation of a creative solution that is typical of Sino-Western architecture during this period, characterized by the breakdown of proportions and tectonic elements from European architecture. Additionally, the stations designed by Chinese architects were characterized by a lack of integration with the existing urban planning, which was partly addressed during the Manchukuo period.

Keywords: China, Manchukuo, Mukden, Shenyang, SMR, CER, architecture, urban planning, railway station, railway

Abstract: The article provides a general overview of the definition of a city in the legal aspect of urban development. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a generally accepted legally fixed definition of a city at the federal level, the variety of interpretations of this concept at the regional level and the identified cases of inconsistency of administrative boundaries with real urban boundaries. This leads to the fact that the established categories of settlements are often a reflection of administrative management, rather than the real spatial structure; there is no clear understanding of the degree of real urbanization of Russia and the number of cities in it. The study examines cases of inconsistency between the administrative boundaries of cities and their actual spatial characteristics. The object of the study is the definition of the city, the subject of the study is the representation of the concept of the city in the legislation regulating urban development.The article analyzes the upper-level regulations, laws on the administrative and territorial structure of various subjects of the Russian Federation, and statistical data. Various approaches to the concept of a city in the legislation on the administrative-territorial structure of the subjects of the Russian Federation are identified and the signs of classifying a settlement as a city contained in them are considered. It is established that the definition of a city in the legal field is vague, its urban planning and spatial planning aspects are lost. The city ceases to be considered as a real physical space and is replaced by administrative-territorial and municipal categories. It is necessary to develop a unified conceptual framework and criteria fixed at the federal level for classifying settlements as urban, taking into account regional peculiarities. The development of a unified methodology for determining the criteria of urban structure based on spatial characteristics will help determine the number of cities in Russia and determine the real degree of urbanization of the country.

Keywords: regional legislation, locality, municipality, administrative-territorial division, urban-type settlement, urbanization, definition, city, administrative boundaries, criterion

Abstract: The current trend of urban sprawl in major cities is creating conditions for territorial injustice in the distribution of cultural assets. One of the key problems in the modern theater urban development of Moscow is associated with the uneven distribution of theater complexes between the city core and the periphery. The object of the study is the theater as an element of the cultural environment of urban space. The subject of the study is the spatial features of theater placement in the urban structure and its influence on shaping the city's cultural landscape, as well as the spatial evolution of the city itself. The research objective is to establish urban planning correlations between theater location in the city structure and the spatial development of the city through the evolution of theater placement in Moscow from the late 17th to the early 20th century. The research methodology during the historical phase is based on studying bibliographic sources and cartographic analysis. Examination of contemporary issues involved collecting, updating, and visualizing geospatial data on the present urban placement of theaters. The scientific novelty of the study lies in utilizing a spatial approach to examining Moscow's urban cultural environment retrospectively from the late 17th to the early 20th century. This spatial approach enables identifying the correlation between sociocultural phenomena and the structure of Moscow's urban space during this period. The research identified characteristic temporal stages in the evolution of theater placement in Moscow from the late 17th to the early 20th century, coupled with the city's immediate spatial development. The research results can serve as a starting point for developing a comprehensive urban strategy aimed at enhancing the quality of the city's cultural environment through the strategic placement of theater complexes.

Keywords: Geoinformation analysis, urban structure, Moscow, historical cartography, periphery, core, urban evolution, spatial organization, cultural area, theater

Abstract: The population decline in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the AZ RF) currently remains an urgent problem for the strategic development of these territories. Modern studies of the determination of migration do not reflect the complexity of the decision to migrate, made in the broad socio-economic context of young people’s ideas about the Arctic cities, which are the main places of permanent residence and education. In this connection, the purpose of the study was to clarify the public opinion of young people about the reasons for outgoing migration of young people to the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and to identify ideas about the Arctic city, under the influence of which either readiness to migrate or to settle in the territory is formed. The subject of the study is the public opinion of students about the reasons for migration and their ideas about Arctic cities, explaining the migration outflow. The research method used was focus groups with students studying in higher and secondary vocational education programs in Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and Segezha, followed by content analysis of focus group transcripts. The results obtained reflect the characteristics of Arctic cities identified by respondents that encourage migration and deter it. Among the characteristics that stimulate migration, such characteristics of cities as “industrial”, “dependent” and “unattractive” are noted. Migration is deterred by such advantages of Arctic cities as “economically significant”, “safe”, “smaller” and “habitual”. It was noted that focus group participants are in the stage of self-determination and therefore they are characterized by both the perception of their current places of residence as “native” and “habitual”, and the desire to separate and migrate, “trying on” the opportunity to leave.

Keywords: migration factors, content analysis, focus group, reasons for migration, public opinion, migration, youth, Arctic cities, Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, agglomerations

Abstract: The article is dedicated to the theme of coordinating transport policies and land-use regulation as a means of achieving sustainable development in Russian cities. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sustainable mobility, which emphasizes the importance of creating compact and functionally diverse urban spaces through smart land use policies focused on increasing the accessibility of population centers. The author emphasizes the importance of ensuring integrated planning and development in the areas of land use and transport for Russian cities, the planning structures of which bear traces of the Soviet period. The article examines in detail the regulatory framework for integrating transport planning and development with land use planning in Russian cities, including the existing system of territorial and transport planning documents. The author analyzes the master plans of the largest cities in Russia, presenting an overview of the plans' content and the experience of their implementation. The analysis indicates that transport planning in Russian cities is often carried out in isolation from land use planning, which leads to negative consequences for urban mobility. The population of most cities continues to face problems associated with the inability to harmonize urban development in the areas of transport and land use, including the growing mismatch between travel demand and transport services. The author offers recommendations for overcoming the identified discrepancies in the development of these two areas, including assessing the role of master plans in increasing the integration of planning in the fields of land use and transport. The need for an integrated approach to urban development planning, combining transport planning and land use regulation, is highlighted as a key factor in ensuring sustainable mobility and environmental balance in Russian cities.

Keywords: transport planning, urban planning, accessibility, largest cities, sustainable development, master-plans, general plans, land-use, urban mobility, territorial planning