Abstract:   This article describes an example of a systemic approach towards the analysis of social systems and the organizations or their components. The model of analysis is based on the consideration of system through relative properties of its elements. Since these properties are manifested only in the interaction, the state of the system can be described as a set of resource exchange processes and their parameters. Each component of the system is characterized in terms of its function. All participating members are described as external resources that support processes of an organization. The methods of research of system elements or its processes and resource sources involved are shown based on the SWOT analysis. The author describes the most effective strategies for all four types of processes (strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities). The assignment of processes to a particular type is based on the relative features of interacting entities. It is stated that all subjects, with which a system or an organization interacts, are sources of useful resources. If there is a source of destructive influence on the organization processes, the system searches for external resources, extenuating this influence without connection thereto. It is implied that any exchange of energy takes place on the basis of mutual compensation. It is also shown that for a system any interaction is adaptation to a larger system, or a change of smaller systems for its own benefit. Hence, the result for the system will either be an accumulation of energy or investments. Finally, the author describes the algorithm for evaluation of any sources of resources for their assignment to one of the categories on the SWOT matrix. The rating is based on the relative value of the resource source and the relative probability of its emergence. The main instruments of the different strategies are accumulation, investments and an increase in turnover. Additionally, the possibility of using this instrument for assessment under the model of Porter’s five forces is represented.  

Keywords: social capital, symbolic capital, cenotypes of Ramensky, competition of Yudanov, systemic approach, marketing mix, SWOT analysis, strategic management, systems theory

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of the authority delegation in implementing development strategies, which include activities that change the culture and code of conduct of company personnel. The formed algorithm of the authority delegation in the process of implementation of the strategy of enterprise development should consider hosting a number of events: creation of teams and ad hoc groups; establishing and strengthening feedback; major intervention. It was determined that the adopted structure of the balanced scorecard for each company is unique in its kind, but the chain of value creation of the company will include the same basic and auxiliary business processes.  Among the conclusions made are the author’s definition of the desired future status of the company; the planning and development process for implementing change should take into account the principle of planning; implementation of development strategies is carried out via delegation of authority to "agents of change". The novelty of this work consists in the general model and conceptual algorithm for authority delegation in the process of implementing the development strategy of the enterprise.

Keywords: management, enterprise, development, strategy, performance, system, authority, delegation, changes, algorithm

Abstract:   This article is written based on the position that states are functionally similar to commercial organizations. It is argued that the main function of a state consists in production and "sale" of services for security of specific working conditions. These conditions are provided by various subsystems of states and are a response to the elements of states (citizens) for their invested labor. This interaction is the basis of stability of state systems.   Based on the above economic model the algorithms of establishment of monopolies or oligopolies concluded. Such situations match unipolar or multipolar world. The model allows a better understanding of the international political structure, as well as making assumptions about its prospects.   The natural algorithms of the monopolization of the international market are shown. These algorithms are based on distribution of regulating competitive environment and increase of attractiveness of the conditions of the market leader state. These conditions are characterized by high, but unlikely profit. There is also simultaneous distribution of "symbolic capital" of the economic center, which matches the popularity of its products and brands. These algorithms lead to inclusion of other countries’ residents into subsystems of the market leader state.   Furthermore, it is shown that a fairly high level of monopolization of international system will bring about prerequisites for emergence of a second oligopolist. Transition from a monopoly to a duopoly is possible due to the high cost terms dictated by the leader-state. Competitive advantage of a second competitor is the high predictability of the profit, but not its value. Equilibrium in this duopoly is only possible if the second duopolist agrees on the position of the follower, rather than a leader.   The author demonstrates the impossibility of a stable system with more than two oligopolists. Thence a multipolar world case is not attainable, except the in a bipolar world. In the conclusion, the author describes the algorithms of loss of the monopoly power by the market leader state and emergence of a new leader. Substantiation of claims is based on the limitation of resources of the state systems.  

Keywords: concentration of production, monopoly, duopolar equality, social systems, state function, working conditions, competition, globalization, international systems, geopolitics

Abstract: The subject of this research is the vectors of evolution of the party system in today’s Russia in the conditions of modernization processes. The author concentrates on such questions of changes to the electoral system as lowering of the electoral threshold, changes to the system of state funding of parties, and other. A special attention is given to the return to the mixed electoral system at the State Duma elections with already implemented norms of liberalization of the party legislation with regards to procedure of forming and registering a party, participation of parties in elections, and reduction in electoral threshold. The author highlights certain positions of the Federal Law No. 20-FZ, namely the introduction of mixed electoral system, ability for direct nomination of candidates in form of self-nomination, and analyzes the causes and the facts of their realization in the country. A conclusion is made that the Russian party system is currently at the stage of formalization of its new configuration, and the high point of its development will fall on the 2016 State Duma elections.

Keywords: Party system, Legislation, Electorate, State Duma, Electoral threshold, Voters, Financing, Federal Law, Elections, Parties

Abstract:   The object of this research is the concept of political administration. The subject is its changes in Russia during the period of 2000-2015. In order to determine the correlation between the concepts of New Public Management and Governance, the author analyzed the addresses of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the results of which are published in this article. The author examined the institutions, mechanisms, and processes that emerged after 2012 and determined their correlation to the aforementioned concepts. The work also refers to the relevant legislative acts. The scientific novelty of this research consists in selection of approaches towards assessment of the political administration and original formulation of its definition. It is substantiated that during 2012-2015 the concept of political administration was “reoriented” from the concept of New Public Management to the concept of Governance. The work demonstrates the realization of a number of its principles in practice.  

Keywords: Participation, Involvement, State, Government, NGO, Administration, Civil society, New Public Management, Governance, Political administration

Abstract:   According to various estimates, the enclave of precarity on the Russian labor market is 15 to 30% of the economically active population. Therefore, the phenomenon of precarious employment, of course, is a scientific interest and is the subject of this study.   The present work contains answers to two questions related to informal employment at the regional labor market. First – the determinants of precarious employment. Second – what kind of jobs in organizations and enterprises of the Altai Krai have the characteristics of precariat.   The article presents the author's approach to the identification precarious employment on the basis of the identification signs of precarious jobs, and also gives the statistical evaluation to precarious component of the labor market of the Altai Krai.   The author substantiates the position that as the precariat should be considered employed in the economy, jobs which have signs of precarity, diagnosed using the criteria of the "stability / instability" and "security / insecurity". The author’s contribution into the research of this topic consists in the attempt to quantify the extent of precarity component of the regional labor market on the basis of available statistical measure.  

Keywords: criteria of precarity, security - insecurity, stability - instability, Altai Krai, precarious work, precarity, regional labor market, unstable employment, precariat, statistical observation

Abstract: The subject of this research is the education system as the element of institutional environment of innovation development of the rural areas (including the Mari El Republic). The choice of the topic is substantiated by the issues that have accumulated in the agricultural sphere of the Russian Federation. The agriculture represents the second largest portion of the GRP of the Mari El Republic, but the statistical data testifies of a pressing need for solutions to the problem of shortage of qualified work resources in the rural areas. The goal of this work consists in formulation of measures for development of the regional education system, aimed at increasing the labor potential of the rural areas. The authors analyze the statistical data that characterizes the development of the labor potential of the Mari El Republic, and determine the key problems in this area. A conclusion is made that there is negative trends with regards to availability of labor resources in the rural areas of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Mari El Republic), as well as the need to implement a complex of measures that would be aimed at preparing human resources for agricultural sphere and increasing the workforce in the regions.

Keywords: professional certification, consulting, education system, institutional environment, employment potential, innovative development, structural imbalances, rural area, government regulation, complex approach

Abstract: The subject of this research is the formation of the paradigm and philosophy of marketing approach in innovations within postindustrial education in the interests of increasing quality of the higher professional education. The object of this research is the innovations in the postindustrial higher professional education. The relevance of this work is defined by the fact that there are new emerging trends of postindustrial development in Russian education. This requires new approaches towards innovation governing in postindustrial education. The goal of this article is to formulate a paradigm of marketing approach towards innovations in postindustrial education. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that authors examine the content and specificity of the impact of the scientific-technical and socioeconomic processes upon education, and formulate the marketing approach for the purpose of increasing quality of education in the conditions of intensive postindustrial development of information technologies.

Keywords: state, business, quality, information, innovation, education, marketing, society, professor, student

Abstract: The object of this research is the tier 2 air cargo hubs. In examining the most efficiently functioning air hubs, the author analyzed the key factors that defined the progress in their development and presented the conclusions and their generalizing assessments. Analysis was conducted on the existing cases of formation and development of tier 2 hubs, presenting a short list of airports that have demonstrated the most substantial spike in development. Among them are: Istanbul Atatürk Airport (Turkey), Liège Airport (Belgium), São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport (Brazil), and Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Indonesia). The key criterion for determining the tier 2 air hubs was the volume of cargo transferred, which ranged between 650-790 million tons and was distinguished by a high dynamic of growth. The author’s contribution into the research of this topic consists in the development of an original innovative methodology for studying the term “tier 2 hub” and determination of criteria of the assessment of their efficiency. The author concludes that in addition to advantageous geographical location of the countries, the key factors of rapid development and transformation of airports into tier 2 air cargo hubs are the following: 1) efficient strategy for the airport with active involvement of direct foreign investments and modernization of infrastructure; 2) hosting major international events in the country; 3) partnership with major cargo companies; 4) presence of institutional foundation for multilateral cooperation (The Treaty on Open Skies); 5) attraction of highly qualified personnel and cooperation with the largest IT companies.

Keywords: Airport infrastructure, Geographical location, Air terminal, International airport, Rapid modernization, Business model, Investments, Open skies, Cargo throughput, Tier 2 air hubs

Keywords: aviakhaby vtorogo urovnya, gruzooborot, otkrytoe nebo, investitsii, uskorennaya modernizatsiya, mezhdunarodnyi aeroport, aviaterminal, geograficheskoe polozhenie, infrastruktura aeroporta