Abstract: The article analyzes a number of legal aspects of the implementation of state policy in the field of environmental protection in agriculture. The subject of the study is the legal norms governing the state policy on environmental protection in agriculture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the negative impact of agricultural activities on the environment and the existing organizational, legal and economic mechanisms for the conservation of natural resources and environmental protection, as well as to formulate conclusions and proposals based on this analysis to improve legal regulation in the field of agricultural development in our country. The relevance of the study is related to the development of an important issue – the implementation of environmental protection reform in Russia at the present time, which is carried out mainly by economic measures aimed at motivating social environmental responsibility and economic stimulation of economic entities to ensure the environmental safety of their activities. The author used formal legal, dialectical, systematic methods, as well as other general scientific methods. The article analyzes the provisions of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection", as well as the new Strategy for the development of agro-industrial and fisheries complexes for the period up to 2030, where serious emphasis is placed on import substitution as one of the key landmarks of Russia's development. It seems obvious that it is necessary to continue improving legal regulation and strategic planning in the direction under study. As a recommendation for improving legislation, the author proposes an addition to the formulation of one of the six goals of the state agrarian policy formulated in the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the Development of Agriculture", which is necessary in order to bring the goal in line with the constitutional norm. The key result of the state policy on environmental protection in agriculture should be the sustainable development of agriculture. The author notes the intensification of work on the implementation of the Russian scientific and technical program for the development of agriculture and promising areas of state policy.

Keywords: strategic planning, legislation, national interests, implementation, agriculture, state policy, environmental protection, state, agricultural sector, agricultural products

Abstract: Spiraea are beautifully flowering shrubs that are valued for their high decorative value, a variety of bush shapes and flower colors, abundant flowering, unpretentiousness and high resistance. The exact dates of flowering may vary depending on the climatic conditions of region, so the study of flowering periods in a particular region of introduction is relevant. The purpose of the study was to determine the flowering dates of the species Spiraea in the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic). The observations were carried out in 2023. The objects of the study were 56 species and varieties in the exhibition "Fruticetum". The duration of flowering was 3 months – from May 6 to August 5. In the period up to mid–June, mainly plants with white flowers bloomed, and only 2 species with pink ones – S. Billardii and S. Densiflora. Since the second half of June, the flowering of pink-colored Spireas has prevailed. The distribution of the studied Spiraea into groups with early, medium and late onset and end of flowering has been carried out. A flowering calendar has been compiled. The species S. corymbosa had the longest flowering (56 days), also long-bloomed S. Rubella, S. Latifolia, S. Bumalda and its cultivar 'Antony Waterer', S. Salicifolia and its cultivar 'Alba', S. Humilis, S. Lemoinei, S. Syringaeflora, S. Rosthornii. The data obtained are of value to specialists in the field of landscaping. A limited number of Spiraea species are used in the plantations of settlements of the Mari El Republic, and thanks to the extensive collection of Botanical Garden-Institute, it is possible to enrich the range of Spiraea in urban plantings.

Keywords: botanical garden, spiraea, blossom, phenological observations, landscaping, ornamental shrubs, duration of flowering, flowering dates, introduction of plants, exposition

Abstract: Ensuring food security is impossible in the absence of proper functioning and development of agriculture. In turn, a set of measures implemented within the framework of the activity under consideration often has an adverse effect on the quality and condition of objects in the surrounding world, on the environmental situation. The purpose of the research is to study the specifics of regulatory and legal support for such areas of national security as environmental safety. An urgent direction for scientific, legislative, and practical activities is the consideration of the features of regulatory and legal provision of environmental safety in agricultural production. In the context of studying agriculture, it is worth noting the need to develop the level of knowledge and awareness of subjects not only at the stage of obtaining vocational education, but also within the framework of agricultural congresses, symposiums, etc. Theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research, such as formal legal, systemic, historical, as well as analysis, generalization, are used in the work. The combination of the indicated methods of cognition of reality made it possible to trace some dynamics of the formation and development of the population's attitude to environmental challenges arising in the implementation of agricultural activities. The article attempts to determine the current system of sectoral legislation and identify promising areas for further transformations. The course of scientific reflections, as well as the results obtained, can serve as a basis for further study of institutions within the framework of constitutional, environmental and agrarian law, as well as for the formation of an ecological culture among the reader. The conclusion is formulated about the need to create a single and at the same time comprehensive regulatory legal act capable of creating an order for ensuring environmental safety both in the direction under consideration and in general. Also, the main aspect that can ensure the achievement of the most positive effect from the adoption of appropriate norms and rules is the proper organization of environmental education and upbringing of the population. It is the high level of environmental awareness that serves as the main factor in achieving a safe and developed society.

Keywords: environmental education, Constitution of the Russian Federation, legal support, agriculture, environmental protection, agricultural law, ecology, environmental culture, environmental legal consciousness, environmental safety

Abstract: The area of the Oriental hyacinth is located in the Mediterranean dry subtropical climate zone, with dry summers and rainy winters. The Mediterranean region is characterized by an average monthly temperature of 20-25 °C in summer, 5-12 °C in winter, and an average rainfall of 400-600 mm per year. A long period of drought contributed to the formation of a special life form in the oriental hyacinth – bulbous geophyte. Despite growing in a warm subtropical climate, hyacinth belongs to cold-resistant ephemeroids, which allows it to undergo primary introduction in the temperate continental climate of the Republic of Mari El. The main method of reproduction of hyacinth, within its natural range, is vegetative division, with the formation of daughter bulbs. In natural habitat, the coefficient of vegetative reproduction is influenced by air temperature and precipitation during the active growing season. The purpose of the work was to identify the dependence of the productivity of the Oriental hyacinth on the amount of precipitation in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. Work on the identification of dependencies was carried out in the period 2012-2015 in the open ground of the botanical garden-Institute of the State Technical University of Yoshkar-Ola. During the work, biometric parameters such as the diameter and height of the bulb, as well as the number of bulbs in one nest, were taken into account. As a result of the work carried out, it was revealed that: the level of individual variability in bulb diameter in most varieties of oriental hyacinth is included in the norm of variation, this indicates the suitability of environmental factors of the region of introduction for this parameter; the number of daughter bulbs in the nest is characterized by a high level of variability and depends on environmental conditions; the reproduction coefficient of hyacinth varieties is strongly influenced such an environmental factor as the amount of precipitation during the growing season (66.7% – 73.7%). The identification of dependencies between the amount of precipitation and the productivity of vegetative reproduction, in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El, will allow us to assess the effectiveness of the primary introduction of Oriental hyacinth. The obtained data can be used in the development of agricultural techniques for growing Oriental hyacinth in conditions of introduction.

Keywords: biometric indicators, individual variability, botanical garden Institute., coefficient of vegetative reproduction, introduction, precipitation, ephemeroid, bulbous geophyte, Hyacinthus orientalis, botanical garden Institute

Abstract: Representatives of the genus Deutzia are widely used in decorative gardening in European countries. In regions with a more severe climate, the plants are less viable. Probably for this reason, this crop is poorly studied and practically not used in landscaping in northern latitudes. However, a small group of species of the genus Deutzia has broad adaptive properties when grown in new climatic conditions. Therefore, at the moment there is a need to assess the quality of seeds of some types of action in the conditions of the Southern Urals. The aim of the work is to identify the characteristics of the quality of seeds of resistant species of the genus Deutzia for cultivation in the Southern Urals. The material for the study was the seeds of 3 species of deuterium cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS and most adapted to the climate of the area of introduction: D. parviflora Bge., D. parviflora var. amurensis Rgl., D. glabrata Kom. The seasonal rhythm of plant development was studied according to the generally accepted method of phenological observations; winter hardiness was determined on a 7-point scale of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences; seed weight was determined by weighing: the result was the average weight of 3 canopies of 1000 pieces; seed germination and germination energy were determined according to GOST. The seeds of the studied species of deuterium are approximately the same and average 0.03 g, but the seed weight of D. parviflora var. amurensis is slightly lower compared to the other two species. Laboratory and soil germination in D. parviflora has maximum parameters (about 67%), also in this species the maximum germination energy is noted (31%), the minimum values of this indicator are recorded in Deutzia glabrata (15%). The laboratory germination of seeds after 1 year of storage remains relatively high, but after 2 years of storage it decreases sharply, and after 3 years the seeds no longer germinate. Thus, the studied types of actions are promising for introduction into culture and wide application in landscaping of settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Keywords: Republic of Bashkortostan, seasonal rhythm of development, germination energy, germination, winter hardiness, seeds, mass, landscaping, ornamental shrubs, Deutzia