Abstract: It is believed that the definition of identity has been in great demand lately. After Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson’s works this term has become ingrained in humanities. Today many authors are writing about individual, social, cultural, religious self-identity and identity decay and crisis. It is noted that Paul Ricoeur has managed to create a new interpretation of this term. Paul Ricoeur has shown that internal and external identities do not have an ordinary bond. Complex dialectics appear here. The French philosopher responded to the conception offered by a professor of Oxford University Peter Strawson. Peter Strawson offered a new solution of the old psychophysical problem by introducing a new definition of personality. In his interpretation, personality is the basic and indivisible concept. Identification of personality attributes (states of consciousness and body) is possible only trough preceding personality identification. As a result of traditional analyst’s searches for initial states of analysis (basic particularities) Strawson makes a conclusion that there are the two basic particularities, particularity of one’s body and particularity of one’s personality. So it is no mere coincidence that the phenomenon of personality comprises a great part of Ricoeur’s philosophical and anthropological concepts.

Keywords: psychology, identity, dialectics, analogy, subject, self-identity, authenticity, otherness, cultural imperatives, paradox.

Abstract: The article studies some aspects of Aleksey Fedorovich Losev’s philosophical legacy. Behind his complicated terminology and conceptual framework, today we can very well see faith being the theme line in all his works although it was deliberately hidden from the Soviet censors. The article views the terms of Name, Myth and Truth viewed altogether as a part of the most important works of a Russian philosopher. How can a modern human understand Losev’s most important provision about Name being a Myth if we are used to the thought that myth is a distorted interpretation of the world, illusion created by a weak mind, a fairy-tale and almost a lie? It is shown that Losev’s philosophical system is still important both in religious, philosophical and socio-cultural approaches. Losev’s ‘Philosophy of Name’ was created not as a theoretical research but as a result of understanding human personality, divine personality, and their relations through God’s Name.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, Losev, values, Myth, Name, Truth, personality, society, holiday.

Abstract: The research discussed in the article is topical because it helps to explain the influence of one’s life experience on his sensual images and interpretations in the process of music perception. From the point of view of methods used in the research, the research is based on the phenomenological approach allowing to view the subject and object of music perception, personality and music as interrelated items. The article has the two chapters. In the first chapter the author of the article provides a theoretical analysis of types of musical preferences described by modern scientific researchers. The second chapter contains a description of psychological types of music perception, existential and deficiency ones. These are based on the results of qualitative analysis of verbal associations and evaluations of one’s feelings in the process of music perception. The author of the article also describes prospects of using music in diagnostics of one’s life priorities and values.

Keywords: psychology, types, music, existence, deficiency, feelings, association, perception, phenomenology.

Abstract: The article provides a modal typology of mental diseases based of classical psychoanalytical ideas introduced by Freud, in particular, the ideas he shared when describing Dora’s, Rattenman’s and Wolf Man’s cases. The author of the present article views the triad ‘neurosis – borderline disorder – psychosis’ that is based on the modal operator ‘it is real that’. The author also uses Crow’s hypothesis about schizophrenia being the pay for using the arbitrary language. There are people who are commonly called ‘normal’ at one end of the psychic continuum, while those at the other end are called psychotics. Normal people have less ‘schizophrenic’ features unlike psychotics. A normal person still has the schizophrenic feature because he uses the arbitrary language – the language in which words and denoted items are not alike.

Keywords: psychology, modality, psyche, reality, Freud, psychoanalysis, psychiatry, Bleurer, Crow, psychosis.

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes peculiarities of modern psychoanalytical approaches to studying sex-related conflicts between spouses. The author of the article lists all possible reasons of such conflicts between spouses in their intimate sphere and provides the results of analyzing personal determinants of such conflicts. The author of the article also defines the main peculiarities of such conflicts between spouses who are compatible and incompatible in their sexual life.

Keywords: psychology, psychoanalysis, object relations, spouses, personal determinants, conflict between spouses, reasons, compatibility, sex, relations.

Abstract: This paper tests R. Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) of youth crime and juvenile delinquency in Poland. According to Agnew, strain theory focuses on negative relationships with others: that is, relationships in with others do not treat the individual as he or she would like to be treated. The main research problem is in the two following questions: Is there a relation between the sense of strain, the social control, differential association, personality factors, situational, social factors, and youth delinquency? The hypotheses were tested on 179 male young adult prisoners and 145 pupils. Finally, we were able to note that the general strain theory has the potential to serve as a major explanation for young adult crime and juvenile delinquency in contemporary society. The results could be used in the prevention of criminal behaviour, therapy, rehabilitation, criminal and social policy.

Keywords: Robert Agnew, general strain theory, young adult crime, juvenile delinquency, criminal policy.

Abstract: In Western culture positive knowledge is confined to making reality fit scientific conceptions about mechanism or a system as a complex combination of homo- and heterogenic elements. More than that, evolution of mechanic theories and concepts (mechanism-organism-structure-system) quite often makes researches come to the conclusion about evolution of mechanism as well. Thus, epistemological invariant includes mechanical theory (in the broad meaning of the term), energetics and evolutionism, Based on the example of trans-disciplinary sphere between psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology, neurology and philosophy (which is called ‘psychophilosophy’ by the author), the author of the article shows how this epistemological variant applies to studying human psyche.

Keywords: philosophy, evolutionism, psychophilosophy, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, organodynamism, mechanical theory, energetics, schizophrenia, structure.

Abstract: The problem of rather questionable influence of the Internet on the user’s mental health and surroundings is growing really important. The process of informatization has drastically changed all types, forms and instruments of activity, phenomena and priorities of life style typical for both traditional and industrial societies. The ongoing situation is in violent contrast with the good will as one’s ability to make a virtual choice out of actually existing alternatives, put them into life and hold a social and moral responsibility before the government and society, others and himself.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, informatization, computer, human in a choice situation, Internet addiction, autism, game addiction, choice situation, Internet.

Abstract: In her researches Jennifer Bullington, a professor at Schendal High School in Stockholm, focuses on the system philosophical analysis of psychosomatic theories and the problems of theoretical interpretation of psychosomatic states in order to improve the treatment of patients who have complicated psychosomatic symptoms. Bullington views psychosomatic theory from the point of view of philosophy, particularly based on such authors as Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. In this work, Bullington presents her alternative phenomenological theory of psychosomatics being inspired by a French phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Merleau-Ponty developed the definition of living body and transformation of structure. Viewing the phenomenon of perception from the phenomenological point of view allows us to get access to the field which has never been discovered before. This is the field which Merleau-Ponty described as the ‘interweaving’ or a ‘dialogue’ between human and the world.

Keywords: psychology, phenomenology, psychosomatics, psychophysical issue, subjectivity, body, soul, intentionality, consciousness, feelings, natural attitude.

Abstract: The article is devoted to studying childhood autism from the point of view of dividing ontogenesis into periods. Each period is viewed as a program solving a particular task of development. Based on the author, when infantile autism occurs, the first stage of ontogenesis remains unsolved, which is the formation of species-related activity. It is further assumed that the main symptoms of childhood autism are the results of species-related alienation.

Keywords: psychology, early childhood autism, ontogenetic problem of development, consciousness reconstruction, development crisis, subject of species activity, three-year crisis, Self-conception, species-related consciousness, speciesrelated alienation.