Abstract: Melanie Klein (1882-1960) is a British psychoanalyst. After Freud has formed his theory of classical psychoanalysis, the theory developed in different directions. One of such directions was Neo-Freudianism represented by Gordon Allport, Erich Fromm and Karen Horney). Followers of this school blamed Freud for paying too little attention at social aspects of the theory. This article presents an attempt to reconstruct the child behavior based on Melanie Klein’s researches.

Keywords: psychology, human, Neo-Freudianism, classical psychoanalysis, culture, cogitation, psyche, ego-psychology, unconsciousness, cultural anthropology.

Abstract: The article describes a new approach to describing psychotic thinking. In particular, the corner stone of psychotic thinking is shown as the problem of the relation between the inside and outside. Previous researchers viewed psychosis as the presentation of the inside as if it were the outside (projection and hallucinations) but the author of this article views psychosis as a complicated dialectics of the outside world and the inside experience.

Keywords: psychiatry, psychology, schizophrenia, hysteria, obsession, reality, Freud, Bion, hallucinations, delusion.

Abstract: The article describes modern views on the nature of the aggression phenomenon as well as original data obtained in the process of researching students of teachers’ training universities and criminals isolated from the society. The research covered groups of respondents with similar parameters. The research shows the role of both personal and social factors in manifestation of this or that form of aggressive behavior.

Keywords: psychology, aggression, personality, external factors, internal factors, criminality, moral values, mass media, biology and aggression, society and aggression.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of anal character in Reichian theory of characters. The author of the article underlines the role of fixation in formation of anal behavior. The topic is illustrated by Balzac’s novel ‘Eugénie Grandet’. Being published in 1883, this novel tells us about the fate of a young woman who lives in a society where everything is under the power of money. The author of the article provides a brief description of the niggard Grandet, the father of Eugenie. The author also touches upon Pushkin’s tragedy ‘The Covetous Knight.

Keywords: psychology, anal character, richness, niggard, anal features, fixation, anal erotic, punctuality, money grubbing, order.

Abstract: The article describes the ideas of a famous psychoanalyst H. Deutsch about reproductive development of a woman and reveals woman’s emotional experience in the process of pregnancy based on D. Kestenberg, T. Benedek and M. Bonaparte and other authors. Pregnancy can be shown as a particular stage in female development accompanied with regressive and progressive tendencies and achievement of a certain social status, new objective relations and another level of gender identity. Pregnancy can be also viewed s the proof of femininity and her body’s functioning. Woman’s experience of pregnancy can provide new opportunities for studying feminine identity and a new access to unconscious conflicts, desires and fantasies.

Keywords: psychology, pregnancy, femininity, conflict, libido, narcissism, identification, labor, regress, desires.

Abstract: The article describes the contents of the understanding phenomenon and its relations with the process of values succession. Analysis of scientific literature on psychology, teaching and philosophy focuses on cultural peculiarities of the West and East (the author studies both verbal and writing sources of knowledge and values). Hermeneutics, gnoseology, language studies, logic and social psychology are viewed as methodological grounds for researching different functions of the understanding process. The author defines peculiarities of the learning and understanding processes as well as factors of narrowing borders of the understanding process as the mechanism of adopting values. The author pays special attention at the analysis of consequences of a growing number of commentaries and interpretations of values and distortion of social rules, principles and standards at intrapersonal, interstate and cultural levels. The author proves that it is possible to regulate the mechanism of succession through the understanding process (socio-cultural level) and self-understanding (personal level).

Keywords: psychology, society, personality, succession, values, understanding, interpretation, knowledge, self-understanding, stereotype.

Abstract: The article describes peculiarities of creative thinking, main theories of thinking and specifics of the achievement motivation. The author reveals how the achievement motivation influences personal creative activity and compares creativity and critical thinking and how critical thinking influences the creativity process. It is concluded that in order to achieve success, one needs not only potentials and also desire, commitment and persistence.

Keywords: psychology, creativity, creation, cogitation, abilities, motivation, achieving success, potential, commitment, persistence, critics, self-regulation.

Abstract: The subject of research includes methodological aspects of modern post-graduate teacher’s training of graduates from medical universities. High social significance of a medicine teacher, on one hand, and the absence of a scientifically proved interpretation of his social role at all stages of professional development, on the other hand, create theoretical and practical needs in studying this key figure as part of the system of medical education from the point of view of psychology and implementation of social methods.

Keywords: psychology, teaching innovations, philosophy, medicine, post-graduate education, medicine teacher, sociological survey, university teacher, noosphere, time-zone disease.

Abstract: The article is based on the results of the empirical study of influence of empathy on doctor’s activities. Empathy is beneficial both for a patient and a doctor in the healing process. For doctors, empathy releases stress, exhaustion and makes a doctor feel better. For patients empathy based relations encourage them to follow the therapeutic regimen and feel satisfied with the doctor, improve the life quality and understand and accept medical information better. Medical treatment has certain specifics such as a wide differentiation of professional knowledge and skills and diversity of professionally important qualities necessary for performing this kind of activity. Modern health service is traditionally divided into the two kinds of medical assistance: therapeutic (conservative) and surgical (operative). Surgeon’s and therapist’s job analysis presents different requirements for professionally important qualities of these specialists. For instance, a surgeon must have such qualities as attention, good thinking abilities and will power. Therapist must have compassion, diligence, accuracy, communicative abilities and etc. The research shows the connection between the structure of empathy and efficient performance of therapists and surgeons and proves that empathy is an important quality for a therapist. Based on the results of the research, the author describes the structure of empathy of surgeons and therapists and the leading channels of their empathy structures. The author also shows the different influence of empathy on doctors majoring in different fields.

Keywords: psychology, professionally important qualities, doctor’s activities, doctor’s job requirements, doctor’s empathy, structure of therapist’s and surgeon’s empathy, leading channels of doctor’s empathy, polycommunicative empathy, empathy abilities, empathy.