Abstract: The purpose of this review is to generalize and systematize the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, which are aimed at identifying the causes of psychosomatic disorders, as well as their diagnosis and psychotherapy. As a result of theoretical analysis, several scientifically proven effective methods of psychosomatic disorders (psychosomatoses) have been identified: rational psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy. The following methods were used in the work: comparative analysis of literary sources of the causes of psychosomatic disorders, as well as their diagnosis and psychotherapy. The main materials for the study are articles on psychosomatic disorders (psychosomatoses) by foreign and domestic scientists. Currently, the number of people with various psychosomatic disorders is increasing, therefore, methods of correction and treatment of psychosomatic disorders are increasingly in demand. Effective non-drug methods of psychotherapy, psychohygiens and psychoprophylaxis: autogenic training, biofeedback method. Thus, it is necessary to carry out psychoprophylactic measures of psychosomatic disorders at the premorbid stage, both in adults and children, in adolescence, significantly improves their psychological and somatic well-being in terms of health, which is more beneficial for the economy than the treatment of various psychosomatic disorders and neurotic conditions that reduce the quality of life of the population and accordingly, they reduce the country's economy.

Keywords: prevention of psychosomatosis, rational psychotherapy, methods of correction, cognitive-behavioral therapy, stress, psychosomatic disorders, psychosomatic diseases, psychotherapy, psychosomatics, biofeedback method

Abstract: The relevance of the study is due to the study of predictors of parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders, which makes it possible to predict the problems that mothers raising a child with autism spectrum may face and prevent the onset of symptoms. The subject of the study is parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders. Motherhood significantly changes a woman's life and it happens that a woman does not cope with the new realities of life. The appearance of a child with an autism spectrum disorder is a special development situation. Mothers experience many difficulties in everyday, social, medical and, especially, psychological terms, which differ significantly from the difficulties of families raising a child of the norm group. The main conclusions of the study are presented in the provisions. Satisfaction with marital relations is an important parameter influencing the development of symptoms of parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders. Let's assume that high satisfaction and stability of relations with a spouse is a factor that increases resistance to the development of symptoms of parental burnout. Parental burnout of women raising children with autism spectrum disorders is interrelated with the peculiarities of emotional relationships with the child. So the predictors of the symptoms of parental burnout are the feelings that arise in the mother's relationship with the child, the acceptance of the child's behavior, the presence of physical contact.

Keywords: anxiety, devotion, satisfaction with marriage, marital relations, emotional exhaustion, violations, autism, parental burnout, burnout, family

Abstract: The authors examine the psychological factors that encourage a person to get the services of a private clinic of aesthetic medicine. The purpose of the research is to study the manifestations of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety and aggressiveness of the patient of the aesthetic medicine clinic. Study participants: 39 patients of a private dermatocosmetology clinic, mostly women. A control group of the study, constituted of biologists and psychologists of different ages (students and specialists). Methods: the ARS-R perfectionism scale in the R. Slaney model, the Bass-Perry aggression questionnaire, the Spielberger personal anxiety questionnaire, unfinished sentences. The reasons for going to the doctor was analyzed, a medical history was collected. Results: the psychological portrait of a modern patient of a private aesthetic clinic in Moscow is described. Conclusions: 1. In an empirical study, only one statistically significant difference was found between the patient group and the control group. Procrastination as a tendency to procrastination, inability to start acting higher in the control group. Oral care traditions have already developed in society, perhaps in the future similar traditions will arise regarding new cosmetic technologies and procedures. 2. In the group of patients with a request for invasive, injectable procedures, the discrepancy with their requirements is higher than in patients with other requests. Patients with a request for injections also experience greater fear and anxiety (the results are statistically significant). 3. The group of patients with acne, scarring and rosacea, share lowest rates of anger. At the same time, the group of patients with acne, scars and rosacea, share low average values of anger. The same patients, reveal disorders in 80% of cases.

Keywords: rosacea, hostility, self-concept, self-esteem, anxiety, aggressiveness, anger, destructive personality tendencies, perfectionism, parenting practices

Abstract: There is a steady increase in oncological diseases all over the world. Malignant tumors are one of the most frequent causes of death in the population of developed countries. The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the features of post-traumatic stress disorder, resilience and attitude to the disease in patients with oncological and cardiovascular diseases. The study sample consisted of 80 people aged 40 to 73 years. The average age is 58 years. The sample included 40 patients with cancer and 40 patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. The study involved able-bodied men and women who are fluent in Russian, without cognitive disorders. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Patients with cancer are more likely to relive what happened when reminded of a traumatic event, the orientation of the personality is characterized by avoiding everything that reminds of a traumatic experience, post-traumatic stress disorder is expressed. The feeling of self-safety is more typical for patients with cardiovascular diseases than for cancer patients. The latter are more characterized by oppressive uncertainty. If we talk about the types of response to the disease, then among cancer patients there is more often post-sleep anxiety, they think about complications; there is excessive concentration on subjective painful and other unpleasant sensations; behavior like "irritable weakness"; dejection, therefore disbelief in the possibility of recovery and improvement of the condition, as well as in general on the effectiveness of treatment, pessimistic a look at everything around; vulnerability. Exposing experiences and sufferings to relatives and others prevails in cancer patients in comparison with patients of the cardiovascular group.

Keywords: attitude to the disease, cardiovascular disease, oncological disease, a patient, disease, relationship, resilience, after injury, stress disorder, stress

Abstract: From the very beginning of the pandemic period of Covid-2019 numerous sources have recorded an increase in the number of suicides among adolescents. The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying social and personal identity of adolescents with a history of suicidal attempts and adolescents without suicidal attempts. At the time of the study, all adolescents who attempted suicide were undergoing treatment at the Republican Clinical Psychotherapy Center and the Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital of the Republic of Belarus (42 people). A group of teenagers without suicidal intentions consisted of 84 students of the MAOU "Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 93" of the Ufa city. The study describes the differences in social and personal identity in two selected groups of adolescents. Statistically significant differences were found between adolescents who attempted suicide and adolescents who did not have a history of attempts, according to the following indicators: socio-psychological adaptation, personal identity, top-down comparison. Adolescents without suicidal intentions have a higher level of expression of socio-psychological adaptation, they are more positive about themselves, they have a stable system of value orientations and a high level of reflexivity, unlike adolescents with a history of suicidal attempts. Adolescents with suicidal attempts to a lesser extent feel and realize the uniqueness of their personality, the uniqueness of their personal qualities, they are characterized by rejection of the norms and rules of society, the desire for detachment, indifference to their own Self, loss of interest in their inner world, low self-esteem. The samples are similar in terms of pastime, cohesion, intergroup competition and comparison, and collective self-esteem.

Keywords: Covid-2019, suicide in adolescents, teenager, suicidal personality, suicidal behavior, suicide, adolescence, social identity, personal identity, identity

Abstract: The subject of the study is the anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period. The aim of the study is to identify the interrelationships of anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period and the type of their attitude to pregnancy. The author identified differences in anxiety-depressive symptoms of women with different types of residence and the use of maternity care. The results on the relationship of anxiety and depression with the type of attitude to pregnancy of women in the postpartum period were obtained. Research methodology: typology of the psychological component of the gestational dominant I.V. Dobryakova. Empirical basis of the study: the study was conducted on the basis of the Altai Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health with women in the early postpartum period.The existence of interrelations between the appearance of anxiety-depressive symptoms of women in the postpartum period and the type of attitude to pregnancy is theoretically substantiated and empirically proven. Qualitative characteristics of differences in the type of attitude to pregnancy of women with different types of residence and the use of maternity care are determined. The main conclusions of the study are : Anxious symptoms in the postpartum period are more typical for women from rural areas; Women who have undergone natural childbirth are more likely to experience depression and anxiety in the postpartum period; Rural women are more characterized by a hypogestognosic type of attitude to pregnancy, urban women - a depressive type of attitude to pregnancy; Anxious and depressive types of attitude to pregnancy associated with fears, expressed fears, tearfulness are risk factors for the development of anxiety-depressive symptoms in women in the postpartum period.

Keywords: Anxiety-depressive symptoms, Depression, Postpartum period, Anxiety, Natural childbirth, gestational dominant, attitude to pregnancy, Psychology of pregnancy, Preparation for childbirth, Pregnancy

Abstract: In this study, an attempt is made to discover the individual psychological characteristics of a modern young gambler. Gambling is considered as a pathological tendency to gambling. The study involved 40 young people aged 16 to 28, 20 boys and 20 girls, regular visitors of gaming computer clubs. 26 study participants spend more than 3 hours a day in the game. The study was conducted during the Covid-19 epidemic. The purpose of the study was to describe the portrait of a modern gambler. At the same time, we were interested in the manifestations of anxiety, aggressiveness and hostility detected by quantitative and qualitative research methods. Hostility was studied by the method of syndrome analysis. The first stage of the study was to conduct survey methods, including MMPI, the Bass-Perry questionnaire, the humorous phrases test, and the Rokich value orientation test. The second stage included methods of qualitative personality analysis. According to the MMPI questionnaire, normatively lowered personality profiles were obtained, which may be associated with an increased sense of caution and distrust. Profile increases were found on the psychasthenia scale in 26 of the examined, on the hypochondria scale in 23 of the examined, which suggests the presence of somatization of anxiety in the portrait of a gambler. Hostility as a factor of readiness for aggression positively correlates with most basic MMPI scales. A trend has been found: women are more hypochondriacal than men. The hand test results are consistent with the MMPI. According to the results of a pathopsychological examination, 22 of the examined revealed autoaggressive personality tendencies, somatization of anxiety. The maladaptivity of gamblers confirms the fear of being funny. For the averaged MMPI profiles, there are differences between gamblers and the control group on schizoidness at the trend level.This study has shown that anxiety and depression, traditionally attributed to players, can increase during Covid-19. Problematic, active players who are willing to play secretly during quarantine are probably at risk.

Keywords: values, humor, disadaptation, anxiety, a hostile image of the world, waiting for aggression, hostility, hypochondria, psychasthenia, gambling

Abstract: The goal of this article is to summarize and systematize the works of foreign researchers dedicated to psychotherapy of the complex post-traumatic stress disorder. For achieving the set goal, the author carries out a theoretical review of foreign literature on the topic, as well as the analysis of recent foreign research and their summary. Modern living conditions led to increase in the number of people with complex post-traumatic stress disorder, which actualized the problem of seeking effective psychological aid and psychotherapy for this category of people. The author reveals several scientifically proven effective methods of non-pharmaceutical treatment of complex post-traumatic stress disorder, including cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, as well as body-oriented therapy and art therapy, which are equally as effective. It is determined that currently that the number one treatment for complex post-traumatic stress disorder is the phase trauma-oriented approach that includes creation of safe environment, stabilization, and mitigation of symptoms; confrontation, analysis and integration of traumatic memories; integration of mental trauma experience, and rehabilitation of the consequences of complex post-traumatic stress disorder. The combination of individual and group work that produces most effective results in therapy is relevant in dealing with complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

Keywords: mental trauma, foreign studies, methods of psychotherapy for CPTSD, CPTSD research, psychotherapy, complex post-traumatic disorder, cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR, body-oriented therapy, art therapy

Abstract: Health psychology is a branch of clinical psychology, which deals with human health considering physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects, i.e. in the context of biopsychosocial unity. Modern practice indicated that the representation on a disorder does not automatically form an “inner picture of health”. Fulfilling the task of psychological support of a person towards health and well-being required studying the integral phenomenon of health along with the factors that shape the image of a disorder or image of health. The initial aspect of any activity is the needful-motivational personality sphere. Different interpretations of the concept of basic needs of a person entail ambiguity of its use in the the practical work of a psychologist. The goal of this article is to examine the approaches towards outlining the basic needs in the context of health psychology. The author highlights three approaches towards determining the basic needs: as vital or biological needs; as needs underlying the higher needs; and ultimately, as the primary and essential for mental development and personality formation. Such perception allows formulating various approaches towards psychological correction of the consequences of frustration of basic needs. In conclusion, the author present a systematization of approaches towards consideration of the basic needs of a person, structurization of representation on the basic needs as essential and impacting the entire course and process of personality formation, which is particularly evident in the distortions of personality development in terms of frustration of the basic needs.

Keywords: health psychology, deviant behavior, frustration of needs, personality, theories of development, ontogenesis, basic needs, psychological well-being, personality resources, psychological correction

Abstract: The subject of this research is the examination of capabilities of psychological correction of neuropsychiatric state of people who have suffered a stroke in the conditions of sensory room. The goal consists in correction of neuropsychiatric state of people who have suffered a stroke. The methodological framework is comprised on the provisions of V. L. Zhevnerov, L. B. Baryaeva, Y. S. Gallyamova on the therapeutic effect of sensory room; provisions on effect of color upon the emotional state of a person formulated by M. Lüscher., G. G. Vorobyov, V. V.  Nalimov. V. M. Elkin. The article provides the results of experimental research of the capabilities of psychological correction of neuropsychiatric state of people who have suffered a stroke in the conditions of sensory room. The theoretical importance of this work consists in systematization of theoretical positions on the subject matter. The practical significance consists in the fact that the acquired results can be applied by practical or clinical psychologist in working with people who have suffered a stroke, in rehabilitation institutions, as well as with people with disabilities. The scientific novelty lies in substantiation of the effect of color and light upon the improvement of neuropsychiatric state of people who have suffered a stroke. The acquired results can considerably expand the representations of capabilities of practical work of the clinical psychologist, as well use of the method of chromo therapy. The implementation of such method indicates the improvement of neuropsychiatric state of people who have suffered a stroke: reduction of anxiety; prevalence of hyperthymic type of mental state reflected in such basic emotions as interest and wondering; improvement of the indicators of emotional comfort, adaptivity, acceptance of self and others.

Keywords: emotional well-being, sensory room, acute cerebrovascular accident, stroke, neuropsychiatric state, psychological correction, anxiety, chromotherapy, colour, specially organized activities

Abstract: This article examines the phenomenon of “rollback” in child development from theoretical and applied perspectives. Special attention is given to a theoretical overview on the similar topic. Through the prism of cultural-historical psychology, “rollback” is alongside other phenomena that are cognate in nature in developmental psychology and clinical psychology (regression, destruction, crisis). The analysis of clinical cases (typical and atypical development) and consulting method allow tracing the general phenomenology of “rollback” in child development, determining the origin and triggers, as well as analyzing the methods and conditions for its overcoming. The scientific novelty consists in viewing “rollback” in the context of mediation of child development. “Rollback” is an organic moment in development when due to unevolved corresponding mechanism a child is incapable to navigate in the problematic situation. Overcoming “rollback” by a child is possible in the situation of specifically patterned circumstances of correctional and development psychological work. The main conclusion consists in the statement that such understanding of the types of “rollback” in child development in theoretical aspect allows having a comprehensive and systemic outlook upon determination of child development; while in practical aspect – deliberately and predictably handling consultative or correctional case.

Keywords: decay, development, regression, abnormal development, consultative method, mediation, rollback, developmental psychology, cultural-historical psychology, normative development

Abstract: The theoretical subject of this research is personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. The goal consists in determination of methodological grounds for selecting a universal set of psychodiagnostic methods for the patients with socially significant diseases. Theoretical analysis is conducted on the results relevant Russian and foreign psychological empirical research that allow describing personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. The author systematizes the data based on biopsychosocionoetic model proposed by G. V. Zalevsky, which reveals the elements of psychological diagnostics and psychological work in accordance with the components of functionality of the psyche: physical Self, social Self, actual Self, and spiritual Self. It is established that modern research usually reveals 1-2 components of the structural Self of the psyche. The article offers a combination of methods that can lay the foundation for systematic psychodiagnostic study of personality of a patient with socially significant diseases. For determining the actual Self, actual Self, social Self, and maladaptive traits, the author suggest to use the following:1) for studying the aspects of actual Self: Individual-typological questionnaire By L. N. Sobchik;: Strategies of Coping Behavior, Life Cycle Index, Integrative Anxiety Test; Beck Depression Inventory;2) for studying social Self: the Scale for Measuring Subjective Feeling of Loneliness in adaptation of N. E. Vodopyanova, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support3) for studying spiritual Self: Reconceptualized test of life-meaning orientations by D. A. Leontiev's4) for physical Self: Giessen Subjective Complaints ListThe indicated methodologies allow implementing the systemic-structural principle, achieving a holistic picture of functionality of the psyche in diagnostics of a patient.

Keywords: body me, actual me, psychological support, psychological correction, value-semantic sphere, social impairment, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment, socially significant diseases, spiritual me

Abstract: The subject of this research is the anxiety of patients at different stages of genesis of myocardial infarction (MI). It is a proven fact that the high level of anxiety leads to reoccurrence and unfavorable course of disease both, in combination with other factors or regardless of them. However, the influence of separate aspects of anxiety into reoccurrence of MI remains insufficiently studied, which actualizes determination of the components of anxiety at different staged of emergence of this disease. The article presents a comparative analysis and description of the level of manifestation of various components of anxiety among the following empirical groups: 33 persons without myocardial infarction in past medical history, but in the group of risk by its genesis; 29 patients undergoing 2 to 5 days of hospital treatment for recovering after MI; 27 patients that have already received post-hospital therapy after MI. The observational group included 30 technically healthy persons. The following conclusions are formulated: 1) Anxiety components, such as asthenic, phobic, emotional discomfort are vivid among the patients who have survived MI, as well as persons in the risk group. However, an additional longitude research is required for proving the influence of anxiety into the genesis of myocardial infarction. 2) The currently conducted rehabilitation of MI patients reduces the overall level of situational anxiety, practically avoiding such its components that in the future can prompt recurrence of MI. 3) High level of anxiety is characteristic to all IM patients. The recommended programs for prevention and rehabilitation should be focused on long-term reduction of the level of personal anxiety, such as cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, post-infarction rehabilitation, emotional discomfort, components of anxiety, personal anxiety, within-situation anxiety, recurrence of myocardial infarction, risk of myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction, CVD psychological factors

Abstract: The subject of this research is criminal activity of the accused in grave crimes in with various disorders in motivational and target levels of regulation of activity. Content of the concept of “regulation of activity” is reviewed. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of regulation of activity at the target and motivational levels among persons accused in grave crimes. The author analyzes the key characteristics of criminal activity in the context of various disorders in motivational and target levels of regulation of activity. The sampling involved 20 men aged from 20 to 58, average age 37.7 years, who are currently under the forensic psychological and psychological expertise. As a contrast, the survey involved a group of 24 men with socially normative behavior, who have never been held criminally liable. It is established that those accused in grave crimes more often were incapable to adequately correlate the subjective moments of activity with the objectively existing circumstances of actual reality, independently organize the process of goal-setting, and efficiently exercise the control function. The author also determined the key characteristics of criminal behavior in terms of disturbance of motivational and target levels of regulation of activity. The scientific novelty consists in the description of characteristics of criminal behavior of the persons accused in grave crimes with various disorders in motivational and target levels of regulation of activity. The obtained results may be used for solution of the questions of forensic psychological expertise, as well as in the course of correctional work with persons prone to unlawful behavior.

Keywords: motivational level of regulation, regulation of activity, activity, criminal activity, forensic psychological and psychological examination, especially serious crimes, target level of regulation, goal, motive, motivation

Abstract: The matter under research is attitude to life and future demonstrated by children suffering from onco-hematological diseases, serious chronic illness that changes life views and attitudes. The results of the research are of great importance for understanding the teenager age when basic beliefs, values and world views, attitudes to life and future develop which creates the basis for personality identification and influences future life-important choices of young men and women. For the empirical research the authors have used such methods as tests, questionnaires and projective method. Statistical data processing was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher test. The scientific novelty of the research is obvious because the majority of researches involve adults or explain psychological peculiarities of rehabilitation of such patients. The results of the research demonstrate that younger school children with onco-hematological diseases have a better idea of their life goals wile their attitude to past life events is more negative and full of anxiety. Teenagers with ongo-hematological diseases have a life attitude that is based on their personal life experience. Their attitude to future has little sence, no clear goals and full of anxiety and negative emotions. Their priority life values are spiritual values as well as communication and acceptance from others. 

Keywords: meaning of life, negative emotional experiences, attitude, attitude to future, attitude to life, onco-hematologic disease, future, children, adolescents, personal values

Abstract: The subject of the study is a subjective attitude to the disease of schizophrenic patients on compulsory treatment who committed a socially dangerous act. The attitude to the disease is examined through its components - emotional, motivational-behavioral, and cognitive ones. At the center of the study is the problem of effective rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients on compulsory treatment in a specialized psychiatric institution. The work aims to study the peculiarities of subjective attitude to the disease of schizophrenic patients under the conditions of compulsory treatment. Identification of the features of the attitude to the disease is carried out through the solution of research tasks on the analysis of cognitive, motivational, behavioral, emotional components of the attitude to the disease. The research methods are a hermeneutic method, including the study of medical histories of the subjects, a conversation with the use of a structured interview developed by the author according to the content of the structural components of the attitude to the disease. Data processing was performed using cluster analysis and association analysis by Pearson's chi-squared test criterion in the STATISTICA 12.0 program. As a result of the empirical study, the content of the components of the attitude to the disease of schizophrenic patients with a criminal history was revealed. The interrelations of structural components of the attitude to the disease, which allowed determining its typology, are revealed. There are two types: 'Denial of the disease' and 'Awareness of the disease'. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the data obtained in the process of development and verification of the effectiveness of psychological support for schizophrenic patients on compulsory treatment.

Keywords: psychological support, psychocorrection, criticality, components of the relationship, attitude to the disease, compulsory treatment, schizophrenic patients, rehabilitation, socially dangerous act, criminal history

Abstract: The subject of the study is the characteristics of the internal picture of pregnancy among women with physical complications as factors promoting and preventing the preservation of healthy pregnancy. The study aims to analyze the characteristics of the internal picture of pregnancy among women of three nosological groups with a physically complicated pregnancy to determine in the following the factors promoting and preventing the preservation of healthy pregnancy. The aims of the study are the search and description of general and specific characteristics of the internal picture of pregnancy and identification of factors promoting and preventing the preservation of healthy pregnancy. Were used such methods as the Beck Depression Inventory, test for the self-assessment of the emotional state by H. Eysenck, the questionnaire of reproductive motives 'My pregnancy', semantic differential, and "SF-36 Health Status Survey". It is established that common characteristics to all groups of women are: on an emotional level - optimal-level of anxiety, on a conative level - the need to see in pregnancy and in the child a continuation of conjugal love, on a cognitive level - positive attitude to themselves, a high value of the pregnancy and the child, on a level of body experience - the feeling of limitations in the performance of the physical activity. Specific characteristics among women with in vitro fertilization - the presence of depressive moods associated with pregnancy, the motive of preserving pregnancy for the sake of social status, restrictions in physical activity; among women with human immunodeficiency virus - super-value of pregnancy and the child, the attitude to pregnancy as a new stage of life, allowing to get away from loneliness, to become better, on a level of body experience - the rise of vital energy, high activity in the performance of physical activity. The obtained results can be used in maternity clinics, Reproductive Technology centers, Centers for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Keywords: factors of healthy pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus, in vitro fertilization, conditions of threatened miscarriage, differentiated medical psychological prevention, internal picture of pregnancy, physically complicated pregnancy, depression and anxiety, physical health, motherhood

Abstract: The subject of the research is the child-parent relationships and negative emotional states of adolescents, in particular, their effect on suicidal risks. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as family dysfunctions and anxiety, hopelessness and depression. The research involved teenagers (average age was 15 years). Anxiety, depression, and hopelessness combined with family dysfunctions are psychological risk factors and an internal irritant to induce suicidal behavior. The growth of both suicidal attempts and completed suicides among children and adolescents requires research in the theoretical and applied aspects. The following tests were used: “Child-parent relationship of adolescents” by O.A. Karabanova and P.V. Troyanovskaya, “The Anxiety Scale” by A. Beck, “The Hopelessness Scale” by A. Beck, and “The Scale of Depression” by A. Beck as well as methods of mathematical statistics. It is shown that suicidal risk is a complex multidimensional phenomenon,which to a certain extent is associated with such psychological factors as the emotional sphere of the adolescent's personality, negative emotional states, specifics of their relationships with the parents. The relation beteen the child-parent relationship and his or her parents and negative emotional states in adolescents has been determined. The influence of family dysfunctions on suicidal risks has been revealed which is reflected in the high level of anxiety, depression and hopelessness detected in adolescents.

Keywords: anxiety, family dysfunctions, negative emotional states, child-parent relationships, adolescence, suicidal behavior, suicidal risk, hopelessness, depression, mental disadaptation

Abstract: The subject of the research is the menal development of autistic children from the historical and medical points of view. Even though there is a great variety of theoretical and experimental concepts regarding autistic children, psychoanalytical aspect of the problem still needs to be clarified. In this research the authors give an overview of psychoanalytical concepts on the nature and development of autism offered by M. Maler, F. Taslin, L. Eisenberg (these are the concepts that have never been introduced in the Russian language before). The authors also provide an insight into L. Kanner's, E. Bleuler's, B. Bend's, C. Goldstein's, L. Bender's, B. Bettelheim's, M. Meltzer's, M. Klein's, D. Rosenfeld's, D. Winnicott's ideas. The research methods used by the authors are systematization, analysis and generalisation. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors provide an in-depth analysis of autism from the point of view of psychoanalysis. The conclusions are the following. 1. Autism as an inhereted genetic disease (L. Kanner and L. Eisenberg). 2. Autism as a life conditions when sensitivity and poor emotional contacts dominate; emegency response to the illusive trauma of the physical split experience (M. Maler and F. Taslin). 3. Autism as the terrible experience of the loss of an object; psychotic depression state (D. Winnicott). 4. Autistic disorders as a result of extreme situation when an individual was unable to influence the environment (B. Bettelheim). 5. Prerequisites for psychogenic autism may be acute affective disorders related to the child-parent relationship starting from the child's fetal life and caused by the mother's hostile reactions. 

Keywords: fantasy, fear, anxiety, trauma, symbiosis, identity, defense mechanism, fixation, autism, child-parent

Abstract: The subject of the research is the resourceful and deficiency features of the internal picture of the disease in terms of psychological well-being (attitude to the disease, manifestations of anxiety and depression, basic strategies of cognitive regulation, quality of life, basic beliefs, psychological well-being, resilience) typical for patients, in particular, patients, with Parkinson's disease ( G20), multiple sclerosis (G35), spinal osteochondrosis (M42), stroke consequences (I67), dizziness and instability (R42). The rationale of the research is determined by the increase in the frequency and severity of neurological pathology. Thus, the resourceful and deficient features of the internal picture of the disease in terms of psychological security can serve as targets of psychological interventions for specific groups of patients with neurological pathology. In their research the authors have used the following tests and methods: anamnestic survey, Attitude to Disease Inventory, Mini-Mental State Examination, Cognitive Ideas about the Disease Questionnaire, SF-36 Health Survey, World Assumptions Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Viabiilty Test, and methods of mathematical statistics. It was determined that all groups of patients with neurological pathology have experienced the lack of physical abilities during physical exercise as well as the lack of independence during attempts to make independent decisions. Despite the active avoidance of thoughts about the disease and consequences, anosognosia helps patients to concentrate on the positive aspects of life which leads to adaptation to the situation of the disease. Indifference to fate and results of treatment has negative consequences in terms of successful predictions of interventions. For each group of patients, resourceful and deficiency characteristics are identified that are most significant for the selection of targets for psychological interventions.

Keywords: psychological well-being, quality of life, depression and anxiety, basic concepts, disease attitude, psychological safety, internal picture of the disease, hardiness, world assumptions, neurological pathology

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of penitentiary personality stress. Penitentiary stress is characterized by negative changes in the emotional state, self-perception, growth of depressive reactions and decrease in adaptive capacity. The relationship between prison isolation and the loss of the ability to meet the actual needs of the individual is examined. The detention and stay in places of detention is a serious stress for the individual, associated with various kinds of deprivations, especially social deprivation. Staying in penitentiary institutions can have a pronounced negative psychophysical impact on the individual, which may be related to the monotony of a prisoner's life, with violation of space-time standards of existence, imbalance of sleep-wake rhythms, and limited access to information. Penitentiary isolation provokes a lot of negative changes in the life of the person: they experience anxiety, fear, feelings of hopelessness, helplessness and constant tension. The purpose of the study is to identify peculiarities of penitentiary stress: significant differences in the emotional state and self-perception of persons with different numbers of convictions held in a temporary detention facility. The subject of the study is the differences in the emotional state and self-perception of persons with different numbers of convictions held in a temporary detention facility. The research methodology includes emotional motivation concept (by V. Viliunas), cognitive theory of psychological stress (by R. Lazarus) and concepts of penitentiary stress (by Ermasov, Chirkov, Debolsky, etc.). The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author offers an integral concept of penitentiary stress and choose techniques that allow to reveal the main indicators of psychological stress in isolation as well as combination of mathematical and statistical research criteria. The main findings of the study are the following. The author has revealed significant differences in the emotional state, self-perception of persons with different number of convictions held in a temporary detention center. The persons who first got into the temporary detention center are marked by "oppressed state of health", reduced "activity", mainly "negative mood", experience of helplessness and a high level of depression.

Keywords: level of psychic tension, negative emotions, anxiety-depressive emotions, adaptive abilities, depression level, self-awareness, emotional state, prison isolation, deprivation, penitentiary stress

Abstract: The article presents the results of a comparative study of the features of the boundaries of body image demonstrated by healthy individuals and individuals suffering from allergic skin diseases. The subject of the research is the particularities of the boundaries of body image and interpersonal relationships of patients suffering from allergic skin diseases compared to healthy persons. The object of the research is the peculiarities of the borders of body image. The objective is to investigate the pattern of interaction of various parameters defining characteristics of the borders of body image demonstrated by patients suffering from allergic skin diseases. Research methods included interview consisting of 5 sections (analysis of the parent-child interaction, tactile ontogenesis, and perception of interpersonal relations); drawing tests such as "draw a human figure" by C. Machover, "body shape" by D. Beskova, "Sack's Sentence Competion Test"; questionnaires such as diagnostics of interpersonal relationships by T. Leary (adapted by L. Sobchik and interpreted by Yu. Kortneva), the test of relationship profile by R. Borstein (adapted by O. Makushina). The statistical analysis allowed to identify the leading markers on the basis of which it is permissible to detect the presence of distortion in the boundaries of one's body image. The obtained results can be used in the development of a general psychological model of the boundaries of body image as well as clinical practice of psychologists and psychotherapists.

Keywords: physical and mental self, individual, psychosomatic way, interpersonal relationships, parent-child relationships, allergic skin disease, level of pathology, subject-object division of reality, body image, practical paradigm

Abstract: The present article presents the results of studying subjectiveness features of teenagers curing from alcohol or drug addiction at hospitals as well as teenagers who are under supervision of substance abuse professionals. The subject of the research is the subjectiveness features of teenagers abusing psychoactive substances. The aim of the research is to study subjectiveness of teenagers abusing psychoactive substances. Noteworthy that this problem is viewed in terms of cultural and historical interpretation for the first time in psychological literature. The research was carried out in a 24-hour hospital division for children and teenagers at Altai Regional Drug Abuse Hospital an schools of Barnaul. 172 teenagers participated in the research. The research methods included testing using the Subjectiveness Inventory offered by M. Isakova. The questionnaire allows to diagnose the following parameters and indicators of subjectiveness: responsibility, freedom, overall self-reflection ability, reflection over choice, self-control and total subjectiveness indicator. The authors conclude that the above mentioned teenagers' subjectiveness is characterised with its components development disparity and has a number of singularities compared to teenagers who do not abuse psychoactive substances. Teenagers abusing psychoactive substances are less active in situations when they have to choose between alternatives, more impulsive, make random choices more frequently and proceed to actions without giving it an additional thought. School students who are not under supervision of substance abuse professionals demonstrate a better balanced structure of subjectiveness, and feel freer and ready to deal with life difficulties and act according to their views and values unlike hospital patients. As a conclusion, the authors undertline that preventive measures will be more effective if they create conditions for developing school children's subjectiveness.

Keywords: self-reflection, psychological freedom, responsibility, psychoactive substances, teenage, subjectiveness, control, drug abuse treatment, rehabilitation, schoolchildren

Abstract: The present research article is devoted to the definition, signs and forms of deviant and delinquent behavior of children as a form of abnormal behavior. The researcher analyzes different approaches to the definition of deviant and delinquent behavior of children and offers her own classification of these terms as well as definitions of these terms. The researcher also describes the main features of deviant and delinquent behavior of children and provides a classification of these features as well. The article contains the results of the analysis of the main forms of deviant and delinquent behavior of the underage. In her research the author uses different scientific research methods, in particular, opinion surveys, natural scientific method, forecasting method, statistical method, logical (aristotelian) method and empirical investigation method. The scientific importance and novelty of the research is the following: the researcher analyzes the definitions of deviant and delinquent behavior of the underage and offers her own definition of deviant behavior of the underage and delinquent behavior of the underage. The researcher also studies the main features of deviant and delinquent behavior and offers their classification as well as analyzes the main forms of deviant and delinquent behavior of children. 

Keywords: deviant behavior, delinquent behavior, violation of law, crime, forms, features, definition, social codes, underage, responsibility

Abstract: The author of the article studies the impact of substance abuse on the social intelligence measurements demonstrated by teenagers. The teenagers were divided into the two groups depending on their age. The first group consisted of the children aged 14 - 16, and the second group was made up of children aged 16 - 18. All of them suffered from substance and drug abuse (including alcohol beverages, smoking of anasha, drugs of the opium group and stimulating pills). All teenagers were male.  The first group consisted of 30 people aged 14 - 16 years old and the second group was made up of 30 people aged 16 - 18 years old. Respondents of the first group had been suffering from substance abuse from one to two years and respondents of the econd group took drugs for 2 - 3 years. Social intelligence was measured by using the Guilford's and O'Sulliven method adjusted by E. Mikhailova. The results of research demostrate the difference in social intelligence measures in the two groups. This allows to prove the impact of drugs and substance on social intelligence depending on the length of abuse and age of the abuser. The results of research can be used for developing individual psychotherapeutic and training programs. 

Keywords: social adaptation, addictive behavior, alcohol abuse, substance (drug) dependence, teenagers, social intelligence, young drug abusers, solvent abuse, alcohol dependence, Guilford's Social Intelligence Test

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the differences in subjective perception of illness by the two groups of doctors, psychiatrists and psychotherapists. As a hypothesis, the author suggests that there is an intraphychic phenomenon of a doctor's consciousness. The author introduces a new theoretical construct - 'internal picture of diagnosis'. This construct llows to describe a number of phenomena of psychiatrists' internal experience related to their interactions with patients. The author also suggests the following elements of the internal picture of diagnosis: intuitive, phenomenological, syndrome-nosological and emotional-conseptual pictures. The research involves new methods of studying intrapsychic structures of doctors' conciousness. The results of this research allow to define the types of internal picture of diagnosis depending on differences in professional activities of psychiatrists. 

Keywords: diagnosis, internal picture, phenomenon, syndrome, symptom, schizophrenia, subjective ideas, countertransference, subject, object

Abstract: The classical case of female homosexuality arises at the stage of sexual maturity because of the difficulties connected with an Oedipus complex. Two major factors influence the formation of female homosexuality: rejection of the heterosexual relations due to the castration complex and attractiveness of mother due to early fixation. Refusal of women from heterosexual communications represents the regression which is the actual reflection of  early relations with their mothers. Female homosexuality bears in itself archaism, ambivalence and intensity. Specific behavioural patterns, fears and conflicts of the early period of development become actual.

Keywords: psychology, homosexuality, libido, fixation, disappointment, frustration, antagonism, perversions, regress, object relations