Abstract: The study of motivational factors will help to maintain the interest of novice athletes in sports, increase the efficiency of their activities, and therefore increase their sports experience. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the sports motivation of boys and girls, and to identify the motives that act as predictors of the length of sports activity. The study involved 173 people aged 11 to 18 years engaged in judo and sambo in youth sports schools, including 71 girls and 102 boys. Research methods: "Studying the motives of sports" V. I. Tropnikov, "The Scale of sports motivation (Sport Motivation Scale)" in the adaptation of Kasatkin V. N., Vykhodets I. T., Bochaver K. A., Kvitchastogo A.V. As a result of the study, the dominant motives of sports were identified. The method of Mann-Whitney U-test and variance analysis showed differences in the motivational sphere of athletes. Multiple regression analysis made it possible to determine the predictors of the length of sports activity: for girls, significant predictors are communication, acquisition of life-useful skills and knowledge, demotivation, collectivistic orientation, character development and mental qualities. For young men, the predictors were material goods and collectivistic orientation. The obtained research results can be recommended to the coaching and teaching staff in the field of physical education and sports to attract boys and girls to sports, as well as to maximize the extension of their sports experience.

Keywords: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, seniority predictor, sport motivation, dominant motives, sporting experience, sports activities, sportsman, motivational profile, motivation

Abstract: The relevance of the study is due to the following factors: research is needed that would allow us to understand the origins of changes in values and motives, their psychological nature. Despite the fact that in psychological science there is a large number of studies studying the values, motives, and self-esteem of students, there are not enough studies devoted to the study of differences in the value-motivational sphere of students with different levels of self-esteem. The object of the research is the value-motivational sphere and self-assessment of the personality of students. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the value-motivational sphere of students with different levels of self-esteem. Research hypothesis: there are differences in the indicators of the value-motivational sphere of students with different levels of self-esteem. Special attention is paid to the analysis of differences in the value-motivational sphere of students with different levels of self-esteem. Research methods: theoretical: analysis and generalization of theoretical sources on the research problem; empirical, methods of mathematical data processing H – Kraskel-Wallis criterion. Research methods: "Diagnosis of self-esteem" Dembo-Rubinstein; "Value questionnaire" Sh. Schwartz; "Diagnosis of components of the motivational structure of personality" V.K. Gerbachevsky. The main conclusions of the study are: the value of "Achievement" among students with an adequate level of self-esteem is higher than in groups of students with an underestimated and overestimated level of self-esteem. Students with a low level of self-esteem are less focused on achieving results, and poorly demonstrate social competence in terms of public standards. The value of "Conformity" and "Hedonism" among students with low self-esteem is higher than among students with adequate and overestimated self-esteem, i.e. students are focused on personal pleasure and comfort. The value of "Independence" is higher for students with an adequate level of self-esteem. The motive of "Avoiding failure" of students with low self-esteem is higher than of students with adequate and overestimated self-esteem. The motive of "Evaluation of achieved results" is higher among students with an adequate level of self-esteem than among students with an underestimated and overestimated level of self-esteem. The motive of "Evaluating one's potential" is lower for students with an underestimated level of self-esteem than for students with an adequate and overestimated level of self-esteem.

Keywords: profession, personal values, professional activity, career orientations, value-motivational sphere, self-esteem, values, orientation, motives, personality

Abstract: The subject of the work is the development and implementation of a program for the regulation of negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective program aimed at correcting the negative psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during preparation for competitive activities. In our work, we analyze the methods of psychological regulation of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old during the preparation for competitive activity. In the teaching of the karate section, there are a number of problems associated with a decrease in the cognitive activity of students, with a decrease in the level of health culture, which is due to a number of factors: improper nutrition of athletes, bad habits (alcohol, smoking), a small amount of sports in life (the development of physical inactivity), workload in training, etc. These factors force teachers to look for new ways in teaching and educating students. In this work, the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years old for competitions were studied. We have developed a program for regulating the psychological states of karate athletes from 8 to 14 years of age in the pre-competition period of training by organizing work with model situations in which athletes can detect psychological difficulties associated with motivation to achieve success, anxiety and stress, as well as together with the coach to find ways to resolve them, during which there will be an increase in motivation to achieve success and stress resistance and reducing the level of anxiety. In the course of the study, after testing the program, changes in the level of anxiety (its decrease) and motivation (its increase) occurred in 83.3% of respondents.

Keywords: training, sportsman, coach, program, achieving success, fear of failure, competitions, sport, motivation, anxiety

Abstract: The subject of this research is the correlation between the indicator of life satisfaction as a cognitive-affective construct of human psyche, certain scales that reflect the respondents’ perception of a temporal project of life (such parameters  as orientation towards the future, fatalistic present, hedonistic present), which reflect the cognitive component of life assessment and various parameters of the life path of a person, such as self-esteem of activity throughout life, career success, material well-being, indicators of overall activity, optimism, parental status and/or presence of dependents, presence of intellectual or sport hobbies, strategies of cooperation/individualism, determined in the course of the game “Dilemma of the Prisoner”, scales of depressive symptoms and severity of chronic fatigue syndrome, and ratio of the biological age index to appropriate biological age as an indicator of the difference between normal and individual level of aging in the age group, and indicator of psychological age and personal maturity that reflect the assessment of self-realization and the adequacy of mental state to physical state respectively. The author’s special contribution to this research consists in the establishment of correlation between the indicators of life satisfaction and cognitive assessment of the parameters of life path, such as overall activity throughout life, optimism, strategies of cooperation and partnership with the surrounding people, orientation towards the future relative to time-related project of life, and establishment of inverse connection with orientation towards the present regardless of the emotional coloring of such perception. The biological parameters of individual aging among persons of pre-retirement age play lesser role than the assessment of the reflected on current life situation. However, the author determines significant negative associations between the manifestation of depressive symptoms and the severity of chronic fatigue syndrome and life satisfaction.

Keywords: time perspective, subjective happines, cognitive construct, pre-retirement age, biopsychological age, life satisfaction, acmeology, aging, Life path, Health

Abstract: The goal of this research is to determine the peculiarities of development of empathy and reflection of students engaged in visual art. The article employs the following methodology: “Diagnostics of the level of empathy” of V. V. Boyko,  “Diagnostics of reflection” of A. V. Karpov, questionnaire of D. A. Leontiev, E. M. Laptev, E. N. Osin A. Z. Salikhov “Differential type of reflection”, the author’s original questionnaire that contains questions on the pursuit of creative activity. The research is based on the method of statistical analysis of frequency distribution tables; one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion; statistical analysis of two-dimensional contingency tables; univariate dispersion analysis . The survey involved the first, second, third and fourth year university students majoring in different disciplines. It is established that the level of development of empathy and reflexivity, as well as such types of reflection as systemic reflection, quasi-reflection and introspection among students engaged in visual art is higher than that among students of other faculties (with the exception of psychology students). The novelty of this work is substantiated by the empirical data on psychological nuances of the students engaged in visual art. The results can be useful in psychotherapy and educational practices. The conclusion is made that creative activity may contribute to understanding other people's emotions and the reasons behind own feelings. It is also noted that persons with vivid empathic and reflexive traits can pursue visual art.

Keywords: involvement in creative, artistic creation, visual art, personal traits, differential type of reflexion, reflexion, empathic abilities, empathy, quasi-reflection, professional identification

Abstract: The subject of this research is educational motivation of the first-year and second-year students of vocational school. The author puts forward an assumption that the second-year students have higher motivation towards learning than the first-year students. This related to the completion of adaptation period and maturing of students, as well as with formation of the responsible professional stance on their future. The conducted research confirmed the advanced hypothesis. The motives for learning highlighted by the second-year students are associated mostly with the current issues of educational activity. The author also underlines the greater importance of motives pertinent to professional competences and professional activity among the second-year students. The main conclusion lies in the thesis that motives for learning indicated by the first-year students are characterized by expectancy, temporary farness of the result, and are merely associated with the current problems. These results reveal the considerable importance of the remote and abstract learning goals for the first-year students. The author detects a trend that acquisition of knowledge is more significant that professional skills in the learning process. Moreover, in course of time, the motive for acquiring knowledge acquires more currency among the students of vocational school.

Keywords: motivation for approval, motive, need to achieve, training, learning activities, student, activity, motivation, professionalization, fear of failure

Abstract: Motivation is the crucial factor of athlete’s success at any stage of their career. However, it is not a static quality. Motivation is a dynamic substance that is adjusted under the influence of multiple factors. Therefore, an extremely important scientific and methodological task consists in identification of these factors for the purpose of alignment and adaptation of athlete’s motivation to the relevant conditions of external and internal environment. Along with the traditional components, such as focus on the problem-solving, ego, etc., the paramount component of athlete’s motivation is commercial, which is especially relevant in the modern consumer society and affects virtually all segments of social life. The examination of this component, its comparison with other factors of athlete’s motivation is a critical theoretical and practical problem. This article is dedicates to solution of the aforementioned questions. Through the prism of theory of goal achievement, as well as leaning on the dynamic-procedural approach, the author suggests the adjusted to current realias view upon the study of athlete’s motivation, its management in the course of his career, transition from one phase of professional growth to another. The suggested model is based on the approach that identifies the system of athlete’s n accordance with the ratio of the three indicated components (motivation in the sphere of ego, problem-solving and psychological proclivity towards receiving material incentives from sports (career), improvement of social status). Each of them defines the level of motivation, and their combination is the integral level of athlete’s motivation.

Keywords: psychological impact, work efficiency, Sports psychology, athlete, psychological training, performance, consumer society, achievement of goals, motivation, The theory of goal achievement

Abstract: The object of this research is the consolidated concept of the motive of crime, as well as important from the perspective of multifaceted motivational concepts psychological components that determine its structure, such as the personal inner motive and its source, relevant needs and criminal way for their fulfillments, attribute of conscious and subconscious in the criminal motive. The article also examines the system of the described psychological components and their correlation in formation of definition of the concept of motive of crime designated for assistance in identification of such psychological institution, analysis and consideration in everyday activity by the experts of psychologically oriented applied disciplines. Systematic review of literature, existing theories and concepts dedicated to the problems of motivation of criminal behavior, utilization of definitions and concepts allowed solving the tasks set in this research. The author substantiates the use of such components as intrapersonal motive, needs, and important attributes; argues the importance of criminal ways of fulfilling the needs that allows classifying the motive of crime as a specific pattern of human behavior. Special attention is given to the factors that complement the dominant signs of the motive of crime with the attribute of subconscious. The author formulates the definition of the motive of crime that includes broadened motivational components, and simultaneously has specific features and clear boundaries.  

Keywords: theories of unconsciousness in crime, attribute of unconsciousness in a crime motive, conscious in criminal behavior, intrapersonal origin of the crime, satisfaction of a need by criminal way, criminal motivation, psychological components of a crime motive, meaning of the crime motive, theories of crime motive, the concept of a crime motive

Abstract: The subject of the research is the influence of the remuneration system features on activity motivation and the psychological well-being of a modern teacher. The object of the study is the features of the motivational sphere of personality of a modern teacher in the context of the requirements imposed by society to fulfill the mission of a modern school. The author deals with the negative manifestations of the personality reactions of a teacher under the employed procedure of remuneration formation - job dissatisfaction and burnout. Alternatively, the author suggests a system of a cross-functional structure as a possibility to satisfy the higher-order motives for teachers. The author gives much attention to the analysis of the need factors in labor activity from the perspective of various motivation theories. The research deals with the issues of the impact of motivational factors with the use of methods of comparative and logical analysis. An empirical study conducted in 2018-2019 resulted in obtaining new test material, the statistical interpretation of which allowed the author to conclude the destructive manifestations in the activities of 192 teachers of the Republic of Buryatia. The main conclusions are about the limitations in the activities of teachers associated with the current system of remuneration for the performed work. Traditionally, one regards the issues of the motivation of teachers from various perspectives as a multidimensional construction; however, the modern psychological literature does not clearly indicate the influence of the current form of remuneration as a motivating factor. The study is novel in that it deals with the consequences of the negative influence of the equalization system of remuneration on dissatisfaction with work, burnout of teachers, and destructive manifestations that affect all participants of the educational process. The study is novel in that it deals with the system of teacher's remuneration as a factor that intermediates the correlations between professional motivation and the level of psychological well-being. 

Keywords: the activity, teachers, educators, motivational sphere of personality, teacher remuneration, professional motivation, motivation, burnout, personality traits, educational space

Abstract: The aim of this research is to describe special features of the value of health demonstrated by an individual with a particular level of self-actualization. The subject of the research is psychological features of the value of health demonstrated by personalities with different level of self-actualization. The rationale of the research is that there is a contradiction between the need to analyze the dependence between one's attitude to health and his or her level of self-actualization and immaturity of this problem in psychology. The authors offer a new term 'values-based attitude to health' and analyze the structure of one's value of health. The diagnostic set includes KVS-3 Value Test, SAT Self-Actualization Inventory, questionnaires 'Your Life Style', 'Self-Assessment of Health', and 'Health Awareness'. Statistical methods and models of data analysis include Spearman's correlation analysis, Fisher's variance analysis, Cronbach reliability test, and Pearson's χ2-criterion. The results of the research demonstrate that health is one of the priorities of a self-actualizing personality. People with a high level of self-actualization relate health to such phrases as physical well-being and external signs of good health (activity and sense of purpose). The researchers have also demonstrated that one's personal idea of health correlates to self-actualization level as a temporal characteristic. The results show that personalities who have achieved a high level of self-actualization have such features as a high level of activity aimed at preservation and improvement of health in actual life activity and commitment to healthy life-style. Self-actualizing personalities also have an coherent attitude to health as a value. Personalities with a low level of self-actualization more often view health as a source of intra-personal conflict. 

Keywords: the emotional component, behavioral component, cognitive component, structure of relations, levels of self-actualization, self-actualization of personality, the internal potential of the personality, the value of health, hierarchy of life values, health

Abstract: In their article the authors present an original PsyGraph software for automation of V. Leontiev's psychographic test that was designed to study motivation. The authors describe the main opportunities provided by the software PsyGraph (calculate psychographic indicators of motivation based on V. Leontiev's psychographic test, carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis of motivation indicators, save test results and create the database of previous researches, apply filters to respondents depending on varios criteria, speed up the processing of test results), operation algorithm and interface of the software. The operation algorithm of PsyGraph is the following. The program determines the picture frame, recognize the pattern and defines the areas of interests (motivation vectors), discover the dot of motivation, initial and final dots of the motivation vector, create the coordinate system, calculate psychographic indicators, perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, interpret test results for each respondent and a group of respondents in general, reduce the time for processing test results by 4 - 7 times, and store information. 

Keywords: automation of the calculation, psychographic indicators, motivation, software, projective technique, automation of the processing of the study, “PsyGraph” software, quantitative analysis of motivation, V.G. Leontiev’s Psychographic Test, PGT

Abstract: V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test is one of unique psychodiagnostic instruments aimed at studying features of personal motivation, aspirations and intentions. Researchers have emphasized a high diagnostical potential of V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test and have proved it to be valid and reliable. Having analysed all cases of application of V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test, the authors of this article have discovered researches of 39 authors. The highest intensity of publications and thesis defenses headed by V. Leontiev using his Psychographic Test falls on the period since 1995 till 2001, the years of the biggest professional and research activity of V. Leontiev in Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University. It is discovered that V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test has been widely used to study various aspects, factors and mechanisms of learning motivation of school students and military students as well as motivation factors and state anxiety, cognitive processes, productivity of mental processes, success and efficiency of activity. The authors of the article conclude that V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test offers a number of very important advantages that are caused, first of all, by its projective nature that allows to deeply analyze unconcious components of motivation processes reducing such negative effects as social facilitation, 'facade' effect, etc. V. Leontiev's Psychographic Test is a unique tool for studying motivation as well as an effective express test with a high level of validity, thus it can be recommended to be more frequently used for research and practical purposes. 

Keywords: study of aspirations, Review of the application of the methodology, indicators, projective technique, psychodiagnostic technique, motivation, study of motivation, V. Leontiev, psychographic test, study of intentions

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of identifying differences in the hierarchical structure of core values of students majoring in technology and humanities. Core values of young people are viewed by the author through theoretical analysis of the concepts considering values as psychological formations that constitute a hierarchical system and exist in the personality structure only as its elements, and factors influencing the process of formation of core values of students. The author of the article considers different approaches to the definition of the types of value systems. For example, Milton Rokeach offers a classification of values that consists of two classes: goal values  (terminal) and means values (instrumental), Georgy Leevik divides individual values into life goals and core values as means of achieving life goals. The research involved 118 freshmen students of different majors studying at Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola). The author has applied the method The Rokeach Value Survey and Leevik Personal Value Inventory. For the most complete consideration of core values, the author has conducted a direct ranking of the list of values in relation to the majors of respondents. The results of the research demonstrate that there are significant differences in goal values and mean values: the main feature of core values of students majoring in technology is that they put mean values, i.e. moral aspects, as a priority. The hierarchical structure of values of students studying humanities is headed by goal values related to communication. The obtained results can serve as the basis for the development of the content of complex psychological and pedagogical formative influences at the stage of professional self identity of University students.

Keywords: terminal values, young age, identify, core values, major, goal values, personal orientation, mean values, instrumental values, professional orientation

Abstract: The purpose of the research presented in the article is to determine the possibility of changing the success of solving tasks of a convergent type by junior schoolchildren through varying the external motivational attitude. Within the framework of the research convergent tasks mean the tasks that have only one correct decision. In her research Gavrilova has used two types of tasks: tasks aimed at abstract-logical thinking and tasks aimed at spatial thinking. The author of the article discusses the results of an empirical study of the success of solving convergent tasks by junior schoolchildren depending on three different motivational attitudes: neutral, competitive and negative, held in 2016-2017 on the basis of one of Moscow's educational establishments. The main method of the study was an experiment. All in all, 126 second-grade students participated in the study. During the analysis of the results obtained, statistically significant differences were found both for the tasks of the abstract-logical block and for the spatial block. In particular, the author has revealed tendencies to decrease the success of solving logical tasks under competitive attitudes. In addition, significant differences in the success of solving the tasks of the two blocks mentioned were found - as the study showed, contemporary second-grade school students are much less successful in solving spatial thinking tasks. At the same time, these are the tasks of the spatial type that are more susceptible to the change of the attitude.

Keywords: abstract-logical thinking, attitude, motivational attitude, convergent tasks, primary school age, motivation of educational activity, motivation, spatial thinking, success in solving tasks, learning motivation

Abstract: The article continues the presentation of the general foundations of the concept of metaregulation of educational activity. The author considers in detail the motivation of educational activities. Motivation is a complex and multifaceted process. The dynamics of motivation depends on external and internal factors. The study of the motivation of educational activity is possible in two main directions: the first - the study of the system of motivation, its structure and functions; the second is the study of the interrelationships and interactions of the system of motivation with other systems. The second direction developing at the present time is conditioned by the methodology of the concept of the metasystem organization of mental processes and the concept of the metaindividual world. Empirical data were collected during the implementation of the formative experiment, implemented at one stage of the study of metaregulation of educational activities. 138 people took part in the study. The following methods were used: the evaluation of the dialogic character of interpersonal relations (S.V. Dukhnovsky), the semantic differential "interpersonal relations". To assess the motivational manifestations, a psychographic test was used by V.G. Leontiev. In the experimental group, the training of interpersonal relations was used as a method of influencing the metasystem. In the course of the analysis of the results, the interrelations between the elements of the learning activity system, elements of the interpersonal relations system, interests in various activities and academic achievement are established. The subjects of the experimental group are forming links that regulate the intensity of the relationship and maintain an optimal level of motivation. In the control groups, a complex of links is identified, which can be called nonadaptive, and also the predominance of interests in non-educational activities is fixed, which can be called the antimotivation of educational activity.

Keywords: academic success, metasystem, system, interpersonal relationships, motivation, learning activities, antimotivation, subject of learning activity, interests, metaregulation

Abstract: Psychological bases of growth of authority of personality of class leader open up in this article. They plug in itself, foremost, forming of new world view to the outward things and, in particular, to position of class leader, whose activity must be carried out taking into account sexual belonging of children and teenagers. Basic sense of this worldview is a choice of new relation to itself and to the concrete school situation with the purpose of development of new personality qualities of student, but not fight against his failings and their removal. Thus activity of class leader, as well as other school specialists, must be built on the base of adequate and short story interpretations of basic concepts and terms which are used in the system of school education: teaching, education, class leader, personality and some other. Exactly unambiguity and brevity, and energiynost', in obedience to Integrativnaya psychology, basic concepts and terms, and create that psychological pre-condition which is needed for the decision of concrete problems of teaching and education of rising generation. Methodology of research of this work plug in itself development of the basic psychological going near growth of authority of personality of class leader. A scientific novelty consists in psychological conception of activity of class leader and interpretation of basic concepts and terms, which are use ding in the system of school education. The article can be interesting the wide circle of specialists in the field of school education and psychological services: to the scientific-pedagogical employees, teachers, practical psychologists and gossluzhaschim of the system of education.

Keywords: education, educating, personality, class leader, school education, practical psychology, pedagogics, psychology, terms and concepts, pressing questions

Abstract: The article reveals the peculiarities of motivational and regulatory activity of the client counseling. The issues of motivation in the structure of psychological assistance. The subject of study is the system-meaning customer psychological counseling, which the author justifies through the content, intensity and perspective of the entire motivational sphere. We study the motivational aspects of involvement in the consultation process with the client's perspective and from the perspective of a consultant. Main attention is paid to motivate recourse and motivation of making psychological assistance.An analysis of the theoretical concepts is carried out in the context of the author's position on the client's position in psychological counseling as a subject of their own lives and as the subject of assistance.The importance of motivation to apply for assistance, and the prospects of its adoption as the major determinants of the effectiveness of psychological counseling. Highlighted the negative motivational factors reducing the constructive approach of counseling. It is proved that the requirement of voltage appears paramount motivational activity of the client, determining its activities on receipt of advice.

Keywords: psychological counseling, motivation of the client, Treatment excuse, motivation content, the intensity of motivation, perspective, requirement of the voltage, self-realization, self-regulation, internal capacity

Abstract: The psychological analysis of structure motivatsionno - the potrebnostny sphere and valuable educations of children of younger school age with somatic problems of health is provided. The polisemichnost of the concept "motive", "requirement", "motivation" of known conceptual theories of domestic psychologists is analyzed. The problem formation of the identity of the child of younger school age with somatic problems of health and specifics of development of a personal orientation during this period is covered, the place taken by motives and motivation in structure of the identity of the child and a taxonomy of motives in the theory of activity approach of A. N. Leontyev becomes clear. An objective of this research is studying of gradual change of motivation of the child in connection with development in it of a somatic disease. The problem is considered from two parties, through formation of "the acquired helplessness", on the one hand and through development of nadsituativny activity, with another. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the conclusion about influence of a chronic somatic disease on formation, structure, specifics of an iyerarkhirization of motives and a personal orientation of the younger school student with health problems is drawn. Are noted age distinction in features of the motivational sphere of children with somatic diseases, it is shown that the strongest changes come after 10 years when the child starts realizing more stoutly himself and the illness. 

Abstract: This article contains an analysis of the body of anthropological ideas of Ernst Cassirer, especially in his work "Essay on Man." It also considers the influence of Cassirer's views on, how these views are reflected in, and how they compare with the works of Russian philosophers. Further, it identifies some of the current understanding of Ernst Cassirer's anthropological ideas. There is also an overview of some papers critiquing the anthropological views of this Marburg philosopher.

Keywords: Cassirer, philosophy, man, symbol, psychology, perception