Abstract: The article highlights the features of life-meaning orientations of medical workers during the spread of COVID-19. The possibilities of prevention of psychological health as a way to reduce maladaptation and psychological problems among doctors and nursing staff are considered. The purpose of the article is to identify possible strategies of an individual approach within the framework of updating the life-meaning orientations of medical workers to reduce the impact of distress. In the theoretical part of the article, the experience of studying the characteristics of the emotional and personal sphere of medical workers is considered. The results of a study of 84 medical workers with more than 3 years of experience directly involved in working with patients with COVID-19 are described. Achieving life goals and paying attention to the process of life is significant for medical personnel, which indicates a commitment to future orientation, building plans and projects, perceiving the process of life as interesting and rich. Doctors pay significantly more attention to the development and construction of a picture of the future compared to the average medical staff, thus they are more focused on the future, development and achievements that will occur over time. The doctors had statistically more pronounced results, allowing them to note the orientation towards goals in life, while the average medical staff is distinguished by the orientation towards the result of life, a sense of how productive and meaningful the part of it was lived. The model of psychological prevention is based on the actualization of life-meaning orientations that allow to maintain balance and search for personal resources. The prevention program focused on teaching self-regulation methods and conducting group psychotherapy.

Keywords: COVID-19, psychological prevention, life -meaning orientations, SARS-CoV-2, locus of control, stress resistance, medical worker, doctor, risk to life, pandemic

Abstract: Purpose of the study: theoretical and empirical study of the effectiveness of professional psychological preparation for activities in extreme conditions using virtual technologies. Object of study: professional and psychological preparation for activity. Subject of research: the use of VR technologies for professional and psychological preparation for activities in extreme conditions. The research was carried out using theoretical and empirical methods: experiment, testing, analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization. Research methods: Questionnaire «Well-being, activity, mood». «Personal risk readiness». Measurement of heart rate. Achievement test. «First aid for electric shock». The situation was formed in extreme conditions, using the ARPort SafetyVR program in the «First Aid in the event of an electric shock» mode. Methods of mathematical statistics: Mean value, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA. The sample consisted of 32 people, students studying in the field of «Extreme Psychology» at MSUPE. The results show that the use of virtual programs aimed at training and developing skills in dangerous situations is an effective way to form professional and psychological preparation of students for activities in extreme conditions and to optimize their indicators of well-being, mood and general activity. Studying the literature and the data obtained, we can say that modern virtual technologies can be successfully used in psychological work. These studies can be used to develop training using virtual reality technologies for representatives of high-risk professions or to prepare specialists for activities in extreme conditions

Keywords: first aid, professional preparation, psychological preparation, extreme situations, VR-programs, virtual technologies, high-risk professions, virtual programs, electric shock, life safety

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the relevant problem – extremism in youth environment. The author summarizes new material on the topic, as well as introduces into the scientific discourse the description of the types of extremist personality among male high school students. The goal is to reveal the traits of extremist personality in high school students, and typologize these manifestations based on the empirical data. The scientific novelty lies in studying the characteristics of extremist personality among male high school students. The two types of personality are determined. It is established that extremist patterns in personality manifest through the following parameters: duty to endure pain and acceptance of the duty to die; propensity to manipulate; tendency to submerge into transcendental and transpersonal; level of satisfaction of basic social needs; degree of psychological stability; level of anxiety; level of identity manifestation, level of tolerance to negative mental states, level of social and communicative tolerance. The author reveals the pronounced psychological characteristics of the two key types of extremist personality among high school students. The first type can be characterized as infantile, immature personality with a severe need for love, acceptance, protection, support, prone to dogmatism and power thinking. The second type has evident autistic features: lack of nee for social relations, fear of the surrounding world, any deviations from the usual, familiar surroundings, and course of life.

Keywords: deviant behavior, destructive self-realization, frustration of basic needs, value orientations, extremist personality orientation, extremism, terrorism, personality traumatization, socialization, identity

Abstract: Mental experience is a necessary construct of self-regulation of behavior in a stressful situation. During the pandemics of a new coronavirus infection, metacognitive approach towards analysis of adaptation mechanism of regulation of behavior allows determining the resource potential of personality for the purpose of achieving social re-adaptation. Adequacy of cognitive assessment of a potential COVID-19 threat as a stressogenic factor characterizes the metacognitive model of coping behavior of a subject. Mental representations as coping resources of the system of self-regulation of personality define the nature of mental activity for overcoming a difficult life situation. In the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of mental disturbance due to cognitive dissonance in assessing the situation of potential threat as stressogenic factor. A destructive model of metacognitive activity as a method of regulation of stress resistance leads to maladaptive behavior of a subject based on cognitive distortions. As a factor of social disintegration, cognitive deteriorations negatively affect the subjective level of stress resilience, increasing the risk of chronification psychoemotional tension. The pilot research on the basis of Google platform involved 48 students. The assessment of acquired results is conducted with the use of correlation-regression analysis. It is determined that the adequate cognitive assessment of potential risk of coronavirus infection explains the internal constructive ensemble of the strategies of coping behavior with stressogenic situation of behavior. Therefore, the effective strategies of metacognitive regulation of behavior of a subject pertaining to COVID-19 contribute to social re-adaptation, associated with the need for inner transformation. Metacognitive model of dysfunctional fear regarding the threat of COVID-19 characterizes the external vector of destructive repertoire of coping strategies for regulation of behavior of a subject, and reflects negatively on the personal level.  Therefore, semantic field of metacognitive model of social re-adaptation by means of subjective control of behavior substantiates individual differences in the level of personal anxiety as a factor of stress resilience.

Keywords: cognitive biases, social readaptation, behavior control, coping strategy, coping behavior, stress tolerance, coping resource, mental representations, metacognitive model, dysfunctional fear

Abstract: The subject of the research is the extremist orientation of personality viewed from the point of view of its components, values, motives, emotions, evaluations, cognitive and behavioral. The research is focused on the development of methodological grounds for studying the extremist orientation of personality and opportunitities to predict such orientation. The purpose of the research is to study the potential extremist oriengation of the youth which is understood as a presumptive declared opportunity/readiness of a student to participate in extremist activities under certain circumstances (certain environment or situation). Personal predictors of potential extremism among youth are defined by achieving research goals such as analysis of values, motives, emotions, evaluations, cognitive and behavioral components of the potential extremism orientation of personality as well as gender differences in declaring one's readiness to extremism. The research methods include: The Cultural-Values Differential Inventory offered by G. U. Soldatova (1998), B. Sheldon's  Self-Determination Test (adapted and modified by E. N. Osina in 2011), 'The Mini-Mult' Questionnaire adapted by V. P. Zaitsev, V. E. Milman's Diagnostics of Personal Motivational Structure (1990) and the authors' Personal Extremist Orientation Questionnaire'. The obtained data was processed by using the frequency response analysis, factor analysis and contingency analysis based on chi-square Pearson criterion performed with the help of STATISTICA 6.0 Program. As a result of the empirical research, the authors have described components of the extremist orientation (basic purposes and contents), motives of students' potential extremist orientation, personal traits of students declaring their potential readiness to participate in extremist activities. It is concluded that regular patterns of the extremist orientation include interpersonal contradictions and searches for self-actualization of a young man or woman in the modern world. 

Keywords: potential extremism orientation, orientation components, personal extremism predictors, potential readiness, extremism purposes, participation motives, youth, students, extremist orientation, extremism

Abstract: In article the terrorism in the context of processes of global informatization of social space and features of impact of modern mass media on public and individual consciousness is considered. Key lines of modern terrorism and essence of this phenomenon from the point of view of information risks, threats and calls reveal. Results of linguistic researches, examinations publicistic and a media discourse about terrorism are given and practicians of use of the words "terrorism", "terrorist", "terrorize" as in direct, and figurative sense are analyzed. In this regard questions of transformation of ordinary consciousness under the influence of corresponding the media discursive practices are staticized. Some consequences and consequences of "discursive pressure" and "information aggression" are discussed. Social representations of terrorism in ordinary consciousness are analyzed, results of empirical research of the author for the purpose of studying of ideas of subjects of terrorism (leading terrorists, performers, the male suicide bombers and women) at student's youth of the Southern Russian region are analyzed. Data are generalized and compared, conclusions about psychological consequences of terrorist aggression, their prolonged impact on individual and public consciousness are drawn. In the conclusion the attention to need of active information anti-terrorism, development social, psycholinguistic and information and communication the practician of counteraction of ideology of extremism and formation of anti-terrorist values in the Russian society is focused. At the same time the attention to need of development of scientific journalism and analytical style of a statement at illumination of problems of terrorism is paid.

Keywords: communication, information, risk, threat, society, act of terrorism, terrorist, terrorism, mass-media, discourse

Abstract: The research subject of the present article is the historical and psychological review of one of numerous aspects of activities conducted by Soviet psychologists of the 1920-1930s to prevent transport accidents. The increasing number of cars and growing traffic in the USSR caused road accidents which was described with talent by Soviet authors (Ilf and Petrov, Mayakovsky, etc.) and witnesses of those events. Special attention is paid to the researchers who made a great contribution to that important topic such as I. N. Dyakov, B. I. Severniy, A. I. Kolodniy, K. K. Platonova, et. In her article Stoyukhina has applied the following research methods: the historical method allowing to trace bak the history of the studied reality, bibliography method that helped to systematize information and biographical method aimed at discovering the personality aspect of the history of psychology. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first time in the academic literature the author describes the grounds for safety traffic psychoogy based on the history of Soviet psychology and reminds us of important researches by Soviet psychologists on transport accident prevention. This creates more opportunities for historical-psychological, social-psychological and scientific research. 

Keywords: psychotechnics, psychotechnics of trauma, psychotechnics of accidents, transport accidents, impact psychology, safety traffic psychology, bibliography method , biographical method, historical method, history of psychology

Abstract: In article features of operation of global communications for development of terrorist ideology and advance of ideas of suicide terrorism are considered, information and psychological ways of the influence which is carried out for training of suicide bombers are analyzed. In this regard the author addresses to a question of a role of mass media in designing of social knowledge and meanings, considering mass media as the diskursivny system participating in production and reproduction of the typified values. In the context of a perspective of formation of extremist consciousness and psychological readiness for suicide terror features of virtual reality, the information environment, designing of media texts, the propaganda receptions and methods of psychological influence which are widely used for involvement of youth in terrorism and training of suicide bombers are analyzed. Need of optimization of information and psychological counteraction of ideology of extremism and terrorism for specific sociohistorical conditions is designated. In this context possibilities of mass communication in formation of anti-terrorist values in the Russian society are considered. The question of development of the pedagogical journalism urged to form social values, belief and to influence the motivational sphere of the personality is staticized. In the context of a perspective of the organization it is information – psychological influence by extremists and implementation of the corresponding counteraction possibilities of secular and religious education are also considered. The question of a role of psychological science in development of information culture and advance of ideas of social dialogue, a consent, solidarity is staticized.

Keywords: terrorism, suicide bomber, terrorist attack, threat, information, communication, influence, media discourse, social images, counteraction

Abstract: The review study analyzes personality changes in ex-combatants, examined in the context of complex relationship of trauma and trauma–transforming personality with inconsistent social environment. The personality problem (in the context of PTSD) is examined in the three levels; pretraumatic features, intratraumatic personality disorders, posttraumatic personality disorders. It is emphasized that personality disorder is the indicator of PTSD severity. It is indicated that trauma impact can develop not only PTSD symptoms, but also symptoms related with personality disorders. It is determined that hostility and distrustfulness, the feeling of being exhausted and hopeless, permanent self- transformed feeling, high rate of anxiety and low rate of subjective control become the nucleus of personality transformation. Description of posttrau-matic personality transformation (in combat PTSD) is submitted.Key words: combat stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, pretraumatic features, intratraumatic personality disorders, posttraumatic personality disorders, posttraumatic personality transfor-mation, accentuated personality, personality transformation.

Keywords: combating stress, personality dynamics, post-traumatic stress disorder, pre-trauma personality factors, intra-traumatic disorders, post-traumatic disorders, post-traumatic transformations, personality accentuations, personality transformations, social environment

Abstract: This article presents the results of studies of victims of a terrorist attack that took place in Volgodonsk on 16 September 1999 (explosion of a house at 35 October Highway) and looks at the specific understanding and interpretation of the consequences of terrorist acts. The article also presents a range of features of the social perception of the threat of terrorism and the role of mass media in shaping social attitudes in relation to terrorism and the social construction of this phenomenon. In this context the article considers language as a psycholinguistic structure and as a factor underlying the psychological experience of individuals. To this end, the article discusses issues in relation to the ICT impact of mass media reports on terrorist activities. It presents the need for a comprehensive study of terrorism in terms of the information-psychological threats of the day and for specialized preventive activities designed to reduce the negative social impact of terrorist acts as well as the optimization of information-psychological counterterrorism.

Keywords: terrorism, terrorist act, traumatic stress, psychological consequences, mass communication, threat, impact, social image, social engineering