Abstract: The theoretical basis of this work are the ideas of Maidi U., Mitchell J., Motz A., Pattis-Zoya E., Reinhold Joseph S., Langer M., Leisinger-Boleber M. The object of research: the phenomenon of psychogenic female infertility in the psychoanalytic understanding. The article shows aspects of the psychogenesis of female psychogenic infertility: the image of the mother, destructiveness and psychogenic infertility, denial of femininity and gender-role identity, violation of identification with the mother and identification with the "dead mother", transgenerational transmission and psychogenic infertility, unconscious conflicts and the Medea complex. These aspects are reflected in two psychoanalytic studies, the results of which are briefly reflected in this publication. The results showed the presence of common signs for women with psychogenic infertility: 1. In fantasies, the future child is endowed with expectations aimed at satisfying a deficient mother; 2. Women have a violation of gender-role identity - identification with the father; the desire to take the place of the father, playing partner and parent roles; 3. Ambivalent perception of the maternal figure; the image of the mother is idealized; 4. Women have a false self, pseudoedipality; 5. Women have a false femininity based not on identification with the mother, but on based on a primitive imitation of her. Identification with the "dead mother" is impossible; 6. The presence of a castration complex in women, reinforced by identification with the father. As a result, the process of childbirth causes horror, correlated with castration, which is denied and covered up by the desire to have a child; 7. The presence of a separation complex, where separation from a "dead mother" is not possible, because then one person will be "dead". 8. Parentification, "dead mother", "dead father", transgenerational transmission of conflicts "crypts and ghosts", untreated traumatization and unlived grief. The leading events in the life history of women suffering from psychogenic infertility are the experience of loss and violence.

Keywords: Conflict, Identification, Transgenerational transmission, Trauma, Destruction, Perversion, Psychogenic infertility, Symbiosis, Femininity, Loss

Abstract: Horney, D. Pines, T. Benedek, M. Bydlowski, F. Tyson and R. Tyson, K. Brisch. The object of this research is the phenomenon of psychogenic infertility in female development. The subject is the parent-child relationship in the context of women with psychogenic infertility. The article reveals the unspecified features of development of women with infertility: personality traits, leading mental conflicts, fixations, defense mechanisms, type of attachment, experience of object relationship. The article traces the dependence of woman’s reproductive function in symptom cluster of infertility on her psyche, as well as influence of object relationship and attachment pattern on the occurrence of mental conflicts that lead to infertility. The following possible factors of psychogenic infertility are determined: 1. Pathological fixation in the early infantile period. Inability to separate from the mother, 2. Inability to identify with the mother. 3. Infertility as defense against regression, i.e. fear to encounter internal conflicts.  4. Hatred and ambivalent attitude towards the mother. Unwillingness to pass on the “mandate of life”.  5. Confusion of identity, improper gender-role identification with the mother due to improper distribution of roles in family, disturbance of personal boundaries,  and pathological symbiosis. The article reveals similar prerequisites for the formation of psychogenic infertility: type of attachment, disturbance of early object relationship, leading mental conflict, basic defense, and the impact of transgenerational experience. Defensive strategies that are intended for coping with intense inner anxiety create an unconscious compromise between mental state and body, which leads to psychogenic infertility.  

Keywords: attachment, affect, conflict, symbiosis, child-parent relationship, psychogenic infertility, defense mechanisms, fixation, motherhood, femininity

Abstract: The subject of this research is the mother-daughter relationship and the image of a mother among women with psychogenic infertility. The object of this research is the child-parent relationship in women’s development. There is a small number of studies that indirectly confirm the correlation between distressed relationship of a woman with her mother in childhood and the genesis of psychogenic infertility. Women with psychogenic infertility usually had conflicting, ambivalent and unstable relationships with their mother in childhood, particularly in puberty period. Often, the image of the mother is subconsciously imprinted in woman’s psyche, affects her stance on motherhood, even if this image has nothing in common with the actual relationship in the dyad. This article describes the aspect of proneness to conflict and aggression in mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility. The novelty of this research consists in formulation of a theoretical model of development (psychogenesis) of mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility from psychoanalytical perspective. One of the elements of such model are the hostile and conflicting mother-daughter relationship among women with psychogenic infertility. The acquired results demonstrate that women with psychogenic infertility consider their mothers averse and less accepting than women without such disorder. They perceive their mother as showing enough emotions, care and love, or have memories of hostility and aggression towards them in childhood. Women with psychogenic infertility were impacted by lack of maternal attention than women without this disorder. Women with psychogenic infertility are characterized with avoidance and ambivalent type of affection for their mother and are more likely to view maternal deprivation as an unfair circumstance in life.

Keywords: mother image, attachment to mother, aggression, care, rejection, conflict, child-parent relations, sterility, pregnancy, hostility

Abstract: This paper deals with a process of formation of individual and collective memory and some principles of its functioning, using a psychoanalysis paradigm. The thesis of this paper is that despite the absence of the term “collective memory” in Freud's theory, his concept of “culture” should be considered as its equivalent. This theoretical move allows us to analyze 'Art' as a concept that “lies on a seam” between individual and collective and provides a suggestion for the possibility of memory conservation. It additionally broadens an understanding of the possible ways of “working trough a trauma” in post-traumatic society that still reflects on different cultural trauma(s) of the twentieth century. The methodology of research is connected with an integrated approach to studying of a question of preservation of memory within the psychoanalytic theory, a basis for which the corpus of S. Freud, the exerted huge impact on thinkers of a psychoanalytic, esthetic and philosophical discourse has formed. In this article the question of approach to the theory of memory in her psychoanalytic understanding clears up that allows to rethink borders between individual and collective, and the drawn conclusions allow to reveal the memory work nature, and also possibilities of preservation of the memory which isn't subjected to copying and distortion in the aesthetic field of art.

Keywords: aesthetics, ethics, art, fearsome, psychoanalysis, culture, collective memory, memory, trauma, post-traumatic society

Abstract: The problem of discovery of femininity can be viewed in terms of pregnancy as a special condition of a woman. A desire to have a child is an important part of the development of femininity. Pregnancy is the culmination of that desire which usually arises in her childhood. The article presents the ideas of a famous psychoanalyst Deutsch on reproductive development of a woman and describes feelings and emotions a woman goes through during pregnancy based on D. Kestenberg, T. Benedek, M. Bonaparte and other authors. Pregnancy can be seen as a particular stage of female development (that is accompanied with regressive and progressive tendencies) and achievement of a certain social status, new object-relationships and other level of gender identity. Pregancy can be viewed as the proof of femininity and proper functioning of a female body. Each stage of pregnancy actualizes new emotions, fear and anxiety. Woman's condition during pregnancy may discover a path for discovering female identity and present an opportunity for a new access to unconscious conflicts, desires and fantasies. 

Keywords: pregnancy, femininity, conflict, libido, Narcissism, identification, labour, regress, desires