Abstract: Reinforcement of the Ruling Party and raise of its electoral effi ciency from one electoral period to another occurred only when the ruling class extended its functions and invested funds in it. The more dividends the ruling class gets from the Ruling Party, the more funds it is ready to invest in the party (including administrative resources). The opposite tendency is there, too: The Ruling Party is interested in getting as many investments as necessary. It readily accept stem, undertake new functions and try to be effective. To a certain extent, it is the channel allowing new people to join the ruling class. For the Party is the guide of interests of both the ruling class and the groups this party is based on – political bureaucracy and middle layers of offi cials.

Keywords: political science, party, power, class, resources, elections, nomenclature, politics, bureaucracy, offi cials.

Abstract: In September of 1953 the government of Prime Minister of Afghanistan Shah Mahmood resigned. And on September 6, 1953 King Muhammad Zahir Shah decided to appoint a prime minister Sardar Muhammad Daud Khan, due to the need to change the political course in the country and develop a new economic policy.

Keywords: Afghanistan, Mohammed Daud Khan, the new economic policy, agriculture, industrialization, the banking system.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the subject matter of bank lending agreement in accordance with the civil law and court practice. The author of the article analyzes the basic approaches to the subject matter of the bank lending agreement and provides recommendations on how to defi ne the subject matter of the bank lending agreement in practice.

Keywords: studies of law, bank lending, monetary funds, borrower, debtor, credit agreement, subject matter of the agreement, symbolic money, credit money, currency of payment.

Abstract: The intellectual rights to results of intellectual activity and the means of an individualization equal to them are a special version of the civil rights and can have both property, and personal non-property character to be as turnover capability object, and not to participate in a civil turn that is defi ned by specifi city of the non-material legal nature of intellectual property. In the present article the separate problems connected with assignment in sphere of intellectual property, in particular, change of persons in obligations in sphere of intellectual property, a parity of the given institute with assignment in exclusive rights and rights of use of protected objects are considered. The author does a conclusion about inexpediency of application of institute of change of persons in the obligation to relations on transition of the intellectual rights.

Keywords: intellectual property, intellectual rights, assignment, change of persons in the obligation, a concession of the right of the requirement, debt transfer, an exclusive right, contracts about the order exclusive rights, the license contract, the contract on exclusive right alienation.

Abstract: The article is devoted to anti-corruption measures in the bodies of authority and management. The author points out the problems of formation of legal and organizational grounds of implementation of anti-corruption legislation. The author also suggests certain changes in current legislation regulating prohibitions and restrictions for state civil and municipal offi cials as well as changes in the Federal Law ‘On State Civil Service of the Russian Federation’ and the Federal Law ‘On Municipal Service in the Russian Federation’ in order to improve the legal mechanism of behavior of state civil and municipal offi cials. Moreover, the article suggests to reinforce punishment for offi cials who violated legislation regulating enforcement of prohibitions and restrictions.

Keywords: studies of law, corruption, prohibition, restriction, state, municipal, civil, offi cial, responsibility, regulation.

Abstract: Just like other social relations, inter-ethnic relations are one of the forms of social interaction and activity but they have a complex integrated nature. In her article the author views inter-ethinc relations not only from the point of view of the phenomenon of ethnicity but also legal relations and socio-economic component.

Keywords: political studies, nation, ethnos, inter-ethnicity, society, polyethnicity, interaction, tradition, regulation, proneness to confl ict.

Abstract: This article is devoted to the basic factors of confl ictogenity in North Caucasus. The author describes the causes of ethno-political confl icts and social tension and analyzes the system of federal-regional relations in North Caucasian Federal District.

Keywords: political studies, GFR (glomerular fi ltration rate), confl ictogenity, poly-ethnicity, self-identifi cation, national security, ethno-policy, destabilization, integration, tolerance.

Abstract: The article provides information about social networks serving as a tool of political events acceleration in the world nowadays. The authors believe that social networks which help U.S. government to carry out non-violent acts against American political opponents in global affairs, will strengthen its role in international relations. The authors predict the emergence of global network society and think that wars in cyberspace will become one of the main fi elds of struggle for world`s power and resources.

Keywords: USA, social networks, soft power, nonviolent resistance, Albert Einstein Institution, cyberwarfare.

Abstract: The article reveals the socio-cultural codes infl uencing the formation of cultural environment under conditions of municipal development. Introduction of the term ‘municipal culture’ allows to describe various accent of the urban cultural environment. Institutional characteristics of such environment are connected not only with the realities of everyday life, but also with the vector of cultural policy. The emphasis is made on the symbolics of cultural environment under conditions of municipal development. Much attention is paid at the causation of the symbol making process by modern technologies, archetypes of cultural traditionalism as well as cultural innovations. The purpose of this study is to reveal the specifi c features of formation of a cultural environment under conditions of development of municipal units. A modern social methodology, in particular, socio-cultural and structural – functional approaches, allows to considerably expand the epistemological space of the study of cultural and environmental phenomena and occurrences.

Keywords: values, norms, development, culture, municipal, society, hermeneutics, symbolics, images.

Abstract: This article touched on making effective management decisions based on the production life cycle assessment. The problems of recycled materials in the manufacture of fi shing-and the need for further use or disposal without environmental harm. In the article the basic principles of philosophy «Life cycle assessment» and its possible implementation in the Russian context.

Keywords: social aspects, eco-effi ciency, life cycle of products, recycling, reuse of materials, production of technical products.

Abstract: The paper considers the cultural interaction between China and Russia in light of the strategic partnership between the two countries. The author argues that the cultural component of relationships is a key factor for the development of strategic partnership. For Russia and China has become a new model of acute cultural relationships - mutually benefi cial co-operation with preservation of the cultural specifi city of each culture.

Keywords: strategic partnerships, cultural interaction, cultural dialogue, public diplomacy, the Year of China in Russia, the Year of Russia in China.

Abstract: The article analyzes one of the most important aspects in history of interactions between the society ad power in the North Caucasian Region at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century related to social charity movement. The authors of the article show that, while being an element of the general Russian charity process, North Caucasian social organizations substituting government in the most important spheres of local communities’ lives have their own peculiarities.

Keywords: society, power, cooperation, North Caucasian, Russian Empire, charity activities, social organizations, social selfactivity, modernization process, legitimacy, unsolved social issues, tutorial, teaching and educational activity, the sphere of social disdain, national charity organizations.

Abstract: This article presents the results of the study the use of technologies of management of international confl ict in peacekeeping and antiterrorist operations of U.S. and NATO. The basic features of the practices that distinguish the individual style of peacemaking of U.S. and NATO representatives of other civilizations and cultures.

Keywords: political studies, politics and society, international relations, external policy, national security, peace-making, peace enforcement, technologies of management of confl icts, international confl ict, USA.

Abstract: The article discusses conditions of identity formation of a modern person in the situation of expansion of new egoism. The author of the article thinks of how economic, confessional, cognitive and personal egoism was overcome during formation of capitalism and a liberal society. The crisis of liberalism and globalization processes led to appearance of new egoism and crisis of modern personality. In this regard, the author suggests his own interpretation of identity and egoism. Based on the author, identity should be better viewed as personal efforts aimed at construction and institutionalization of the self, during which he actually develops different attitudes to other personalities, groups or communities. This is not just the self-love or self-centeredness but particular behavior in different periods of our civilization when traditional stereotypes about reality and common social norms of behavior stop functioning and human have to set them all from the very beginning. In such a case human is usually relies on himself, i. e. he acts quite selfi shly which causes all kinds of social confl icts.

Keywords: political studies, identity, egoism, community, ethnicity, liberalism, rent construction, discourse, transfer, confl ict.

Abstract: The article analyzes the reaction of British society to the terrorist attacks committed in 2005 as well as the infl uence of those events on deviation of the British government from the multi-culturalism policy. Terrorist attacks obviously proved the failure of migration policy which had been performed over the last few decades. They showed that the government did not have any valid information about the situation within the Islamic society. Terrorist attacks were prepared by the second generation of migrants belonging to the middle class. Despite efforts performed by the British mass media in order to prevent the growth of islamophobia, the government had to reinforce anti-terrorist measures including the increase of legislative pressure which, in its turn, caused accusations of the government in violation of the human rights.

Keywords: Islamic factor, terrorism, Great Britain, jihad, anti-terrorism legislation, multi-culturalism, migration policy, war in Iraq, British Muslims, radicalism.

Abstract: The study is devoted to the analysis of Internet voting as a form of elections. The purpose of this study is to make it possible to implement the system of Internet voting during elections in the Russian Federation. The author of the article tries to achieve the following tasks: -gives defi nition of the Internet voting; -analyzes international and Russian experience in such elections; - defi nes pluses and minuses of the Internet voting. In order to solve these tasks, the author analyzes the Russian and foreign mass media as well as regulatory documents, in particular: Constitution of the Russian Federation, Federal laws such as: On Basic Guarantees of Voting Rights and the Right for Participation in the Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation, On Electing Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, On Elections of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Central election commission of the Russian Federation and international documents such as: Guides on Legal, Organizational and Technical Aspects of Electronic Voting and Guides on Electronic Democracy. In general, this study is a research of Internet voting based on comparison of various experiences of its implementation. The results of the study prove the expediency and relevance of activities performed by the Central election commission of the Russian Federation. In order to implement this form of elections, it is necessary to develop and legalize regulatory acts allowing to use Internet during elections. In order to create the system of Internet voting, it is necessary to attract a great number of qualifi ed employees. It is also very important to take into account German experience which used state institutions and regular universities for creation and testing of the system of Internet voting. It is also desirable to perform pilot projects of Internet voting abroad, in the fi rst place, in countries with high population of the RF citizens which traditionally demonstrate low percent of voter participation (Germany, USA, Israel). It is also desirable to continue pilot projects to a wider extent inside the country and perform them in a greater number of the Russian Federation constituents. All these measures would allow to increase the number of voters and enable all RF citizens to participate in elections disregarding their location.

Keywords: studies of law, elections, voting, remote, electronic, Internet, survey, pilot, certifi cation, security.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the relationship between the Russian supreme power and local legal systems of peoples and territories composing the Russian Empire at the second half of the 17th – beginning of the 20th centuries. The author analyzes the problem of preservation of legal peculiarities of national regions as a part of enforcement of state and legal environment of Russia. Special attention is paid at the analysis of the basic tendencies in forming attitudes towards preservation and usage of particular legalizations in management of social processes in national regions with different levels of autonomy in the Russian Empire.

Keywords: studies of law, supreme power, internal policy, ethno-policy, Russian country, Russian empire, sources of the law, local law, local legal systems, local legalization code.