Abstract: This article examines the melodies of the northern province of Hebei and the southern province of Guizhou as an example for considering the features of Chinese folk songwriting. This work can serve as a reference material for those who study culture, in particular the musical art of China, as well as the translation of Chinese folk art materials. The author focuses on the influence of cultural and social features of the development of society on the folk art of China, and notes that it is very diverse. The first song of Hebei is called "Little cabbage" and tells the sad story of a little girl who lost her mother. The second song "Sun is shining on Baiyan" first appeared in the southern province of Guizhou and depicts the development of the relationship between a man and a woman through symbols and images. This article is first to provides commented translations of the two Chinese folk songs in Russian and English. Based on the analysis of the melodies and lyrics of "Little cabbage" and "Sun is shining on Baiyan", the author draws the following conclusions: natural and socio-cultural realities strongly influence the tunes of songs; symbolism and the use of metaphors are a specific feature of the Chinese folk songwriting; folk songs, as well as musical art overall in China, are built on a pentatonic scale; Chinese folk songs are characterized by unison singing.

Keywords: Sociocultural influence, Natural influence, Metaphorical nature, Symbolism, Pentatonic scale, Guizhou, Hebei, China, Folk songs, Unison singing

References:
Ageeva N. Yu. K voprosu ob istorii zarozhdeniya i razvitiya tradicionnoj kitajskoj muzyki [On the history of the origin and development of traditional Chinese music] // Synologia. ru. – URL: https://www.synologia.ru/a/K_voprosu_ob_istorii_zarozhdeniya _i_razvitiya __traditsionnoy_kitayskoy_muzyki (Accessed: 1st May 2021) (In Rus.)
张蕾. 河北民歌的音乐特点及河北民歌《小白菜》的感情处理 // 大连职业技术学院, 2014. – ¹15. – 96-97页 [Zhang Lei. Features of the folk songs of Hebei and interpretation of the emotional basis of the Hebei folk song «Little cabbage» // Dalian Vocational Technical College, 2014. – No. 15. – 96-97 pp.] (In Chinese)
张弘. 贵州各族少年二哥民歌精选»钢琴伴奏设计Ö

Abstract: The article describes a new kind of educational and extreme tourism – speleotourism. The author examines the question of organization and development of speleological tourism in Yakutia from scientific-educational perspective of studying the geographical peculiarities of the region – rupestral and runic-like inscriptions, as well as offers the methods and mechanisms for the development of this type of tourism, which is a promising direction of inbound and outbound tourism in Yakutia and attracts a large number of tourists-researchers. The article employs the methods of recreational zoning, SWOT-analysis, field observations, comparative-geographical method, analysis of the documents and fund materials of the institutions and organizations, as well as literary sources. The scientific novelty of this work lies in providing the analysis of development of speleological tourism in the Sakha Republic, determination of geographical peculiarities of its development, and formulation of recommendations for the advancement of this type of tourism in the region. Tourist routs, composed with consideration of geographical objects, contribute to protection of the environment, cultivate the sense of harmony with nature in a person, awareness of its fragility and vulnerability, forms environmental responsibility and culture.    

Keywords: tourism, historical monuments, geological objects, rock inscriptions, cultural monuments, speleological tourism, speleotourism, speleological tours, tourist route, recreational activity

References:
Levin G.G. Lensko-pribaykal'skie nadpisi kak istochnik issledovaniya istorii yakutskogo yazyka / G.G. Levin // Mezhdunarodnyy kongress vostokovedov. – M., 2004. – S. 101-102.
Levin G.G. Istoricheskoe otnoshenie yakutskogo yazyka s drevnetyurkskimi yazykami VII – IX vv. (v sravnitel'no-sopostavitel'nom aspekte s vostochno-tyurkskimi i mongol'skimi yazykami) / G.G. Levin. – Yakutsk: Izdatel'skiy dom SVFU, 2013. – 436 s.
Stepanov A.D., Kirillin A.S., Vorob'ev S.A., Solov'eva E.N., Efimov N.N. Peshchera Khayyrgas na Sredney Lene (rezul'taty issledovaniy 1998-1999 gg.) / Drevnie kul'tury Severo-Vostochnoy Azii. Astroarkheologiya. Paleoinformatika. Novosibirsk, 2003. S. 98-113
Levin G.G. K probleme issledovaniya lensko-pribaykal'skikh runicheskikh tekstov / G.G. Levin // Nauka nevostrebovannyy potentsial. – Yakutsk: Izd-vo YaGU, 1996. – T. 3. – S.13-15.
Smirnov A.I., Sokolov Yu.V. Karst i speleologiya II Abdrakhmanov RF.i dr. Karst Bashkortostana. IG UNTs RAN.-Ufa, 2012.-S. 301-337.
Dolotov Yu. A. Tipologiya spelestologicheskikh ob'ektov

Abstract:  
Recent urban studies give particular attention to the concept of place attachment. A modern settlement, first and foremost, represents a space that is emotionally comfortable for the local residents. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of emotional attachment and/or rejection to specific places in a small rural locality of Komsomolsky of Velsky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, situated in the Euro-Arctic Zone of Russia, and formed in the middle of the XX century as a place deprived of a long and rich history and traditions. The research results are based on the survey conducted among 40 residents of the locality aged 50 years and older. It demonstrated that the residents experienced various emotions of joy, interest, comfort, sorrow, pride, anxiety, shame, and disgust towards public places in the locality. At the same time, a single place (for example, a hospital, an abandoned school, gym, etc.) may incorporate both positive and negative emotions. The detected emotions were placed on a physical map and revealed the diversity of emotional perceptions of residents, with concentration of emotions in the center and suburbs of the locality. The interactive map is presented on the Internet resource http://emogeography.com/emotional-maps.html. The map exceeded the geographical boundaries of the locality and included several kilometers of the neighboring area. The research has vast implications for the improvement of emotional well-being of the residents of small rural settlements. Some recommendations on the reconstruction of center of the locality and engagement of population into social and cultural events are given.
 

Keywords: emotional attachment, elderly population, emotopia, mapping, euro-arctic zone, rural community, emotional geography, emotional rejection, interactive map, anonymous survey

References:
Zhigaltsova, T.V. (2018). Imaginative-emotional perception by the elderly residents of an abandoned forest village. Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 (33), 113-117. (In Russian).
Zhigaltsova, T.V. (2017). Impressional and emotional perception of the architectural and spatial environment of a small Artic town. Urbanistica, 4, 20-27. DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.4.24519. (In Russian).
Zhigaltsova, T.V. (2018). Favorite and Least Favorite Places of the Northern Border Cities. Human and societal security in the circumpolar Arctic: local and indigenous communities (pp. 357-386). Leiden, Boston: Brill, Nijhoff. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004363045.
Zamjatin, D.N. (2006). Kul'tura i prostranstvo: modelirovanie geograficheskih obrazov. M.: Znak. (In Russian).
Zamjatin, D.N. (2010). Gumanitarnaja geografija: prostranstvo, voobrazhenie i vzaimodejstvie sovremennyh gumanitarnyh nauk. Sociologicheskoe obozrenie, 9(3), 30. (In Russian).
Z

Abstract: The research subject is the representation of the image of the Lord in the iconographic program of the apse mosaic of the oratory of abbot Theodulf at Germigny-des-Prés. The research object is the iconographic program of the apse of the oratory at Germigny-des-Prés. The author of the program, abbot Theodulf, was the abbot of Fleury-sur-Loire, a poet, a theologian and the closest fellow of Charles the Great. His aniconic ideas played an important role in defining the way of representing the Divine Presence within the space of the church he had built. Based on the method of iconographic analysis, the author analyzes the Old Testament images of Theodulf’s mosaic and compares them with the Holy Writ. The article considers the modern ideas about the disputable iconographic program of the apse mosaic of the oratory and offers another variant of interpreting Theodulf’s program that supplements the existing interpretations. The author shows that the unseen by a human eye Glory of the Lord surrounded by cherubs is the key object of the program and a part of the composition, which symbolically means also the beginning of the Eucharistic canon.

Keywords: interpretation, cherubs, apse, the Arc of the Covenant, iconographic program, oratory, Theodulf, Germigny-des-Prés, mosaic, the Carolingian era

References:
Veillard-Troïekouroff M. Nouvelles études sur les mosaïques de Germigny-des-Prés // Cahiers archéologiques. – 1967. – T.17. – R. 103-112.
Grabar A. Les Mosaïques de Germigny-Des-Prés //Cahiers Archéologiques (Fin De L’antiquité Et Moyen Âge). – Paris. – 1954. – T. VII.- P.170-183.
Humbert J. Germigny-des-Prés // Congrès archéologique de France ; 93 session tenue à Orleans en 1930. – Orléans. – 1931. – R.556
Pasturo M. Simvolicheskaya istoriya evropeyskogo srednevekov'ya. – Sankt-Peterburg: Alexandria. – 2013. – S. 15.
Abbé Prevost. La basilique de Théodulphe et la paroisse de Germigny-des-Prés. – Orleans. – 1889. – P.78-79.
Mackie G. Theodulf of Orléans and the Ark of the Covenant: A New Allegorical Interpretation at Germigny-des-Prés // Canadian Art Review. – 2007. – Vol. 32. – ¹1/2. – R. 45-58.
Barral i Altet X., Germigny-des-Prés // Recueil général des mosaïques de la Gaul

Abstract: The oldest totem–donkey appeared at the earliest stage of mankind and was used by the ancient Iranian peoples, who, perhaps, through the way of unions of other clans and tribes handed down to them the conception and name of their god-totem–donkey many thousands of years ago, before Avesta, which possesses a cult of the donkey. It was these clans and tribes who admitted the name of the forebears of Iranian peoples — Aryas. Inconsiderable and various differences of the stable term «khar» (donkey) acquired a sacred meaning. There couldn\\’t be a casual double coincidence in phonetics and semantics: aryas, Kharu Artovskiy, Khaara Berezaiti, kharsang, khargush, Kharris, charisma, Kharri Krishna, Kharon and Kharits, Kharishchandra, Khovar, Khuroson, Khorazm, Khurshed, Khvarna, Kharob, Akhura Mazda and Ankhra-Manyu and the others mean superhuman, sacred, immense, supernatural. This hypothesis is confirmed by the archeological excavations of the regal burial of a donkey in Margian civilization, conducted by Sarianidi V. I.

Keywords: Totem, Khara Berezaiti, Bukhara, Khorog, Khari-Krishna, Kharikhara, Khvarna, Khurshed, Kharishchandra, Arian.

References:
¹ 26008 of August 7, 2012 ã. Source – Moscowski Komsomolets. Internet address of the article-http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1344407820
Boroday, Y.M. To the Issue of Socio-psychological Aspects of the Emergence of Primitively Ancestral Community. // The principle of historicism within the cognition of social phenomena. – Moscow: Nauka, 1972. – p.198
S. Freud. Totem and Taboo: Coll. Moscow: Olymp; JSC “Publishing House AST – LTD”, 1998 – pp. 88-89.
Dictionary of Mythology. Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1991,-p. 585.
Max Weber, Selection. The image of society. Moscow: Yurist, 1994, p. 102.
“The Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press 1996» the following explanation is given to the English word charisma: “ecclesiastical loan from Greek kharisma, from kharis…”, it should be pointed out the Greek words begin with letter kh.
Search: Myths of world nations. Encyclopedia, 2nd Volume, Moscow: Scientific edition “Great Russian Encyclopedia”, 2000. – p. 264.
Boroday Y.M. To the quest