Abstract: The subject of the study is the activities of youth organizations in solving social problems. The list of these key institutions includes youth public organizations, which are classified as socially oriented non-profit organizations. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that today the participation of young people in public organizations contributes to the formation and development of civil and social self-awareness, the development of special competencies and personal qualities among young people. But in addition to personal development, such associations are capable of working in solving major social problems. The directions of financing socially-oriented NPOs are analyzed. The regional features of the implementation of youth policy in the Irkutsk region are shown. The main conclusion of the study is that youth public organizations can prove themselves and show their ability to make an invaluable contribution to solving such problems. To assess the contribution of youth organizations in solving social problems, a questionnaire survey was conducted, revealing the motivational attitudes and priority areas of activity of youth participating in the activities of public organizations. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that when interacting with the state, the non-profit sector can make an invaluable contribution to solving the social needs of residents of the region. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations were proposed for improving the activities of youth public organizations in solving social problems.

Keywords: volunteering, social project, social problem, sociological research, region, non-profit organization, public organization, youth policy, youth, volunteer

Abstract: Modern social movements should be considered in the context of the existing public sphere, the main theorists of which are J. Habermas and P. Bourdieu. The article analyzes various aspects of the functioning of the public sphere, examines the role of mass media in the formation of the public sphere and the orientation of public opinion. Using the example of social movements in France, the author examines how the public sphere affects the functioning of social movements. Nowadays, the media largely determines the agenda and controls public debate. Besides, the experience of each person is completely mediated by the communication means. At the same time the media is largerly influenced by politics and, as a result, the public sphere loses its functions. Nevertheless, the public of organized individuals could become an effective participant in public communication, through which it is possible to legitimize the achievement of political compromises. The author concludes that social movement's analysis should be focused not only on the political, economic and social causes of demonstrations, but also on the public sphere in which they exist. In addition, the discourse constructed by the mass media is not only imposed on society, but belongs to it. Each person contributes to its creation, and social media platforms play an important role in this. If public discourse is the result of the activity of many actors, then it is necessary to consider the possibility of interference in its construction.

Keywords: social movements, public debate, communication, publicity, capital of a politician, politics, public opinion, public sphere, mass media, France

Abstract: The subject of the study is the socio-cultural determinants of the genesis and functioning of the running clubs of the USSR in the period 1968-1991. The objectives of the work: to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of the running club movement in the USSR; to reveal the essential features of the club as initiative clubs for the self-organization of amateur runners; to identify the external and internal functions of running clubs. The source base of the research was both scientific publications and the memoirs of the organizers and the first participants in the activities of the KLB in the USSR presented on the Internet. The methodological basis of the work is a philosophically oriented socio-cultural approach, within the framework of which the study of complex social and cultural relations in the area of origin, functioning and influence on Soviet society of the activities of running clubs, as well as the methodological technique of constructing a genetic "ideal type" by M. Weber is carried out. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the KLB are seen in the traditions of leisure running practices of pre-revolutionary Russia; the Soviet TRP complex; the development of physical culture and sports public organizations; problems generated by the NTR; the impact of Western running culture. From the perspective of determining the essential features, KLBS are considered as initiative leisure clubs focused on ensuring the maximum efficiency of using running to achieve the therapeutic, healing and personality-building goals of their participants. The mission of the KLB was the improvement of man and society through running practices, the assertion on their basis of enduring humanistic values: health, kalokagatiya, social activity, self-development. The innovation of the KLB in the functional aspect was the development of super marathon running in the USSR, the mass involvement of women in running activity, the development of methods of recreational running for various groups of the population, the cultivation of veteran running amateur sports, the unification of running and artistic practices in the framework of entertainment events.

Keywords: personal development, health running, ultramarathon, medical run, scientific and technological revolution, Soviet Union, physical education, running clubs, public organizations, leisure

Abstract: The article deals with the problems of analyzing the motivational component in the management systems of youth volunteering. The subject of the study is the totality of managerial relations that arise in the process of organizing the volunteer movement and the implementation of volunteer activities. The object of the study is the activities of volunteer, non-profit organizations. The problem lies in the possible outflow of volunteers after the first contact or event, without repeated or regular participation. It is important for managers and leaders of the voluntary sector to successfully involve young people in volunteer projects and develop their voluntary participation in the long term. The study of this issue will make it possible to form a holistic view of the significant aspects of the organization of the volunteer movement. The study is aimed at identifying existing approaches to motivating volunteers, finding the most effective ways to increase the level of volunteer motivation, developing tools to ensure a high level of motivation and involvement in projects of volunteer associations. To collect data on motivation in youth volunteering, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey, the participants of which were volunteers from Russian volunteer organizations based in higher educational institutions. The predominance of the non-material nature of the motivation of volunteers was revealed; a scale of motives was developed for testing volunteers and designing an individual route of volunteer experience in organizations. The unity and opposition of the types of volunteer participation in the concept of dual motivation of volunteers (altruism and selfishness) gives grounds for using a combined approach that takes into account various motives for participation.

Keywords: motive scale, motivation, volunteer, management, non-profit organizations, volunteer organizations, volunteering, the youth, survey, sociology research

Abstract: The subject of this research is the key trends in activity of the Sisters of Mercy in Altai Krai, on the example of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Barnaul. This place has accumulated an extensive experience of rendering spiritual, humanitarian and social aid to the ill parishioners, however officially it was recognized since January 2019.  The Sisters of Mercy gather on the weekly basis, associate with the priest, read Akathist Hymn to the Holy Martyred Nun Elizabeth, visit the patients. The method of in-depth interview was selected for the analysis of activity of the Sisters of Mercy, as well as receive answers to the questions pertinent to suggested hypotheses. The research results allowed determining that sisterhood in Barnaul is currently relevant and not considered an innovation. It is also highlighted that the Sisters of Mercy from Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Barnaul render assistance not only to the ill, elderly, orphans and multi-child families, but to all in need; however their care and spiritual support is focused mostly on bedridden patients and elderly people. The conducted analysis demonstrates active development of this direction and attraction of new people eager to help, as well as underlines the need for expanding the sisterhoods in Barnaul churches.

Keywords: social institution, social assistance, social service, Orthodox Church, charity sisters, charity service, charitable organizations, charity, beneficiary categories, volunteering

Abstract: The object of this research is the prosocial activity of non-profit organizations (NPO) with regards to the different categories of citizens, particularly persons with disabilities and health limitations. The subject of this research is the role of the socially oriented non-profit organizations in solving of issues of this population category. Latterly, the representatives of academic cluster pay greater attention to the civil society institutions, as well as to assessment of activity of the “third sector”. Under the current circumstances, the government is not capable to fully resolve the socioeconomic problems of the citizens. This leads to the growing role of the civil society institutions, which take increasingly strong hold in the niche of social policy. The author analyzes the social practices of NPO of the Volgograd Region, and describes the most efficient ones in the article. As of today, NPO play an important role in solution of the social issues. Having a sizable potential, such organizations contribute to accomplishment of particular tasks. Developing and practically implementing their own project, the programs and initiatives improve the effectiveness of social policy in a specific region.

Keywords: accessible environment, social environment, inclusion, invalids, civil society, third sector, nonprofit organization, social practices, social policy, social values

Abstract: The object of this research is the in social rehabilitation of children with mental disability in the conditions of children psychoneurological boarding school. The actors of social rehabilitation of children with mental disability in boarding schools can become the specially training volunteers. Since 2017, the students of the department of Social Work of Altai State University implement various volunteering practices in the regional children psychoneurological establishments. One of such activities is the clown care. The subject of this research is the capabilities of volunteers-hospital clowns in social rehabilitation of children with mental disability in the conditions of children psychoneurological boarding schools. Such volunteering activities are analyzed on the basis of the theory of resiliency. The authors conducted am empirical sociological research; the main method was the questionnaire-based survey. The article gives definition to mental disability, as well as studies the statistical data on the children disability in Russia and Altai Krai. Attention is given to identification of the problems of children development in such establishments based on determination of the fundamental objectives of functioning of these institutions and the analysis of modern research on children’s’ situation in the children psychoneurological boarding schools in Russia. The authors determine the capabilities, as well as difficulties in the work of volunteers-hospital clowns, including modulation of emotions, establishment of connection, and work with special needs children.

Keywords: multiple disability, resilience, medical clownery, social rehabilitation, nursing home for children with mental disability, mental disability, volunteering, medical clown, nursing home for children, charity department

Abstract: The subject of this study is the activity of the Orthodox charity services in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Particular attention is dedicated to volunteering, which not only provides financial aid to those in need, but also a “spiritual” recovery of the society. Therefore, special relevance gains the research of social institutions and forms of charity services, volunteering that have been engaged into this activity for a long time, such as the community Sisters of Charity and international social organizations. The authors examine the key directions in organization of the Orthodox charity services in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Emphasis is made on the fact that the goal of activity of such communities lies in combining the effective modern technologies of volunteering with the true Christian ministry to the neighbor, augmenting love, bringing into society the spirit of faith with good works and sacrificial service of others. The research results allow determining that the sisterhood and brotherhood of charity, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement coordinate and assist social initiatives of the Church in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The charity services are rapidly developing, as well as implement the effective methods for helping people in need.

Keywords: humanitarian organizations, social help, social ministry, Orthodox Christianity, Red Cross, charity organisations, charity service, charity, social institution, volunteering

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities, problems, and trends of development of the nonprofit sector in Kabardino-Balkar Republic. The object is the nonprofit organizations that are the liaison between government institutions, commercial organizations and society. The author meticulously examines the structure and dynamics of development of the nonprofit sector in the region. The research goal lies in specification of representation on the development trends of nonprofit organizations in modern Kabardino-Balkaria based on the analysis of quantitative characteristics of the rate of growth and structure of “thirds sector” in the republic. A conclusion is made that over the recent years, subsequent to the cutbacks in state funding, significantly decreases the number of registration of new nonprofit organizations in the region, which testifies to the fact that the key growth driver of the nonprofit sector is the government; the nonprofit organizations function within the life of the population to the various degree. However, due to the absence of mechanisms of public accountability of the nonprofits in the region, it is difficult to assess the efficiency of their work. The rate of development of the nonprofit sector in the republic falls short with respect to not only more socioeconomically prosperous regions of Russia, but also the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District with comparable indexes of the level and quality of life.

Keywords: sports organizations, national-cultural organizations, religious organizations, non-profit organizations, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, civil society, state, standard of living, structure, dynamics

Abstract: The subject of this research is the state, peculiarities, and problems of development of civil society in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Leaning on the general conceptual representations of the nature of civil society and national context, the author attempts to determine the specific features in relationship between the government and nonprofit organizations in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, give the overall assessment to the status of civil society institutions, as well as identify the factors that deter its establishment in the region. The work uses such methods as the analysis of statistical data of the federal and regional authorities and analysis of the documents. The scientific novelty lied in the revelation of the role of government in the process of development of the nonprofit organizations of the region. The author identifies the factors that negatively affect the development of nonprofit organizations in the republic: many of them exist only on paper and engaged in budget development; the traditionally conservative regional society with certain social hierarchy; complicated socioeconomic situation in the region.

Keywords: youth, charity, grants, society, state, non-profit organizations, civil society, traditions, republic, standard of living

Abstract: The subject of this research is the content of anti-consumerist protest movements in the context of global socioeconomic crisis. The object of this research is the practices of anti-consumerist movements of the modern Western countries. The author describes and analyzes the socioeconomic reasons of the emergence of anti-consumerism, ideological foundations, and key actors of the anti-consumerist movements. Examples are provided of the anti-consumerist organizations along with the variety of their protest practices. The article reveals the notions of “overconsumption”, “anti-consumerism”, and “commodification”, as well as secures the dysfunctions of overconsumption on the macroeconomic, microeconomic, and social levels. The author presents an analysis of the current state of anti-consumerist movements in North America, as well as describes certain media factors of organization and mounting of the protest action “Occupy Wall Street”. Consumption is viewed as a specific type of activity within the consumer society and a mechanism of social management. Consumption attains the characteristics of substantive activity, and the coarse consumer mechanism of social management results in the protest reaction of part of the society – the anti-consumerist movements. The accumulated data clarifies and circumstantiates the dysfunctions of consumer society, and in a forecasting regime can be applied for the analysis of development of the Russian society. The growth of the anti-consumerist protest movements is considered an indicator of the crisis state of the Western socioeconomic system, when the object of a protest lies in the fundamental values and achievements of the modern Western society. Integral analysis of the anti-consumerist movements allows pursuing correlation between the extensive development of the Western economy, multiple dysfunctions of the socioeconomic system, and growing protest activity aimed at destruction of the consumer system.

Keywords: consumer dysfunctions, «Occupy Wall Street», downshifting, youth subcultures, consumption society, commodification, anti-consumerism, Overconsumption, socioeconomic system, protest movements

Abstract: The subject of this research is the two major ideological directions in the Russian history – Communist, the representatives of which in the youth movement was Komsomol, and Christian, presented by the Russian Student Christian Movement (RSCM) in persecution. Both of them played an important role in development of strategic directions in the spiritual and cultural life of the Soviet society and the Russian community in persecution. The educational concepts of Komsomol and RSCM were the product of the intellectual activity of the prominent figures within the Communist and Christian movements in Soviet Russia and White émigré. In the author’s opinion, a comparative analysis of the educational concepts of Komsomol and the Russian Student Christian Movement leads us to understanding of the sociocultural phenomenon of Komsomol, which celebrates its centennial anniversary in 2018. The youth socio-political unions, the work of which is being studied during the period of 1918-1930’s – Komsomol and RSCM – could be distinguished by the following characteristics: religiousness and atheism, individualism and collectivism, separatism and openness, and others.

Keywords: Educational concepts, Komsomol, RSCM, V. I. Lenin, V. V. Zenkovsky, Generational succession, Religiousness, Atheism, Christian anthropology, Political control

Abstract: This article explores the following regulatory factors of the social composition of Komsomol during the 1931-1935: collectivization, struggle for a multimillion union, and strengthening of the proletarian core. The source base for this article consists of the unpublished archive materials from the funds of the State Archive of the Sociopolitical History of Tambov Oblast, State Archive of Tambov Oblast, and State Archive of Sociopolitical history of Voronezh Oblast. This work is prepared on the materials of the Central Black Earth Oblast of the RSFSR. The author sees Komsomol as a sociocultural phenomenon, and attempts to generalize both, the positive, as well the negative experience. The base theory for studying the Komsomol historical issues is the theory of governmentalization of Komsomol: the union is viewed as the chain link between the state and the youth. In the history of Komsomol of this little-studied period, the author sees a steady connection between the political party and the criteria of social selection of candidates for Komsomol. The author makes a conclusion that by the mid 1930’s the leading factors of regulation of the social composition of Komsomol organizations were working or kolkhoz background, loyalty to the “general party line”, and political savvy. Strict regulation of the class composition produced negative influence on the quality of the work of Komsomol.

Keywords: Youth, Komsomol, Collectivization, Communist Party, Kolkhoz , Class warfare, Political control, Peasantry, Deviation, Age

Abstract: This article examines the problems of establishment of ideological concepts of the youth policy of the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russia during the 1918-1924. The author analyses the peculiarities if the role of Communist parties in realization of the resolutions of their program documents within the youth environment. The need for using a comparative method in order to review the issue of establishment of the youth policy is being revealed. Based on the conducted research, the author proposes to highlight the organizational and methodological approaches towards development of the youth movements in the Weimar Republic and Soviet Russian during the period of 1918-1924. The author reviews Komsomol as a sociocultural phenomenon, determines the factors of its versatile influence upon the society, and attempts to generalize its positive and negative experience, and compare it with the experience of the German youth union. A brief characteristic is given to the German Youth Communist Union and All-Union Leninist Young Communist League at its initial stages of development; main characteristics of the common and diverse in the development of the ideological doctrine are being formulated. It is demonstrated that in both, Germany and Russia, party control became the foundation of the functionality of the emerging connections between the youth organizations and the leading parties.

Keywords: history, Soviet Russia, Germany, Weimar republic, youth, Komsomol, revolution, World War I, communist party, party control

Abstract: This article analyzes the regulation of social membership of Komsomol in the first half of 1930’s. This process is examines as a comprising element of the political control over Komsomol organizations. In the history of Komsomol of this little-studied period, the author sees a typical connection between the party’s policy with the criteria of social selection of those who enters the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. The main sources for this work became the unpublished archive materials from the State Archives of the Public Political History of Voronezh Oblast and Tambov Oblast. The study of the aspects of sanctions policy in Komsomol was conducted by taking into account the state character of this organization. The author comes to the conclusion that in the first half of the 1930’s, there was observed class cleansing of the union, as well as the gradual fight of the party against the “theory of rehabilitation of the young kulaks” in the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League. The author demonstrates that a harsh regulation of the class membership had a negative effect upon the quality of work of the Komsomol.

Keywords: peasantry, class struggle, farm, Communist Party, collectivization, Komsomol, the youth, political control, light cavalry, cleaning

Abstract: The object of this research is the football fans as a social group. The subject of the research is the trends towards establishment of the image of this group in the public eye, by using different types of mass media. The author thoroughly examines the genesis and mechanisms of the formation of the image of a football fan within the Soviet and modern Russia in the context of socio-economic and political changes. A special attention is given to the analysis of the image of the fans and history, as well as the trends of the development of their movement in our country. The Soviet and modern Russian mass media and internet resources on the subject of fan subculture and football hooliganism events are being reviewed in the course of this work. Today, not only football, but also a so-called “football hooliganism” is widely covered by the media, and the fan subculture as a social phenomenon became more informationally open. The author also believes that people who are not quite involved into sports and sport life, as a rule, build a stereotypic impression of the fan subculture. The scientific novelty consists in the ability to create an objective and realistic image of a football fan based on the conducted research, which in turn will allow determination and elimination of the false images and stereotypic delusions in relation to the fan subculture.

Keywords: football, fan, power, society, group, hooliganism, MASS MEDIA, journalism, form, the ordinary citizen

Abstract: This article presents the analysis of the activity of the Komsomol “Light Cavalry” in the middle of the 1930’s, and examines the structure and work of this branch of Komsomol. The main sources for this article were the unpublished archive materials from the State Archive of Socio-Political History of Voronezh Oblast (SASPHVO), as well as the materials from the “Molodoy Kommunar” newspaper from the 1930’s. Within the history of Komsomol during this little-studied period, the author examines the cooperation of this youth organization and the state apparatus, and systematically studies the activity of the “Light Cavalry” of the Komsomol in the fight against bureaucracy and mismanagement. The theory of governmentalization of Komsomol became the basis for studying the historical Komsomol issues: Komsomol is being viewed as the Soviet “Youth Ministry”; the link between the state and the youth. The experience of the Komsomol activity of being assessed from the general public and state positions. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the reexamination of the experience of the Communist Youth League in getting youth to actively participate in social activity. The author concludes the “Light Cavalry” raids (with all its negative aspects) have overall brought substantial positive results.

Keywords: mismanagement, bureaucracy, brigade, collectivization, youth, "Light cavalry", Communist Party, Komsomol, control, Voronezh region