Abstract: This article examines the problems of determination of activeness and/or passiveness of the managed object from the perspective of French social thought. The old hierarchical metaphysics has previously formed a problem of emancipation of the managed object as a problem of activeness or passiveness. At the same time, such position is often subject to revision in the modern French social though. Is there a possibility for such emancipation in modern society? This question became of high priority in the discussions of Marxist sociology of Sartre and interrelation between power, discipline, and supremacy of Foucault. Analysis of the latent forms of supremacy and power, which emerged in modern society and force through corporeity and disciplinarity that can imitate activeness. Tradition of the French left-wingers postulates that the status of the modern managed object is not as just, as told by the democratic ideology. Nevertheless, there continues a search for the new points of view within the framework of sociology of management, which demonstrate that activeness or passiveness of the managed object should not be reduced only to the question of supremacy.

Keywords: Balibar, France, passive object, active object, French social thought, manageability, supremacy, Sartre, Foucault, power

Abstract: The topic of this article is the problem of social foundations of power which are being understood as readiness and interest of society towards subordination and cooperation with the government structures. This topic has been chosen due to the problem of ethnocultural fragmentation of the modern nations in the conditions of globalization. The crisis of power is being viewed as a phenomenon of sociocultural nature. The methodological basis of the suggested approach towards the issue of the foundations of power consists in examination of the nation and ethnos as the culturally differentiated and ontologically diverse social groups, in which an individual participates simultaneously. The problem of crisis of power is being explored due to the problem of ethnocultural fragmentation of the post-industrial society. A necessary condition for the existence and reproduction of nation is national culture, which by the virtue of group identity forms the foundations of authority. It is demonstrated that power, as a property of social structure, is connected with the participation of an individual in the important to him social group, the identification with which establishes the foundations of authority and is tightly linked to the cultural affiliation different for the ethnos and nation. One of the forms of ethnocultural fragmentation of modern society is multiculturalization as a policy of rejection by the modern state from the prioritized support of the unified national culture, which stimulates differentiation of the modern nation on ethnic and religious congregations, and thus establishes the alternative to government systems of the relations of power.

Keywords: Multiculturalism, ethnic culture, ethnic, national culture, nation, power crisis, foundations of power, power, fragmentation, globalization