Abstract: This article contains the results of a sociological study on the attitude of young people to the childfree ideology among students. It is important to note that youth is the social group that shapes the future development strategies of the state. And from this point of view, society’s attention to the processes occurring in the youth environment should be organized at the highest level (it should be part of not only scientific intentions, but also the social policy of the state). Attracting the attention of the public and the scientific community to the childfree movement is explained by the fact that it has been increasingly gaining popularity. We can assume that we are dealing not just with youth fashion, but with a fully formed philosophy and ideology, based on a new idea of family values. The subject of the study is young people’s ideas about the role of children in their personal lives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the childfree as one of the manifestations of the hedonistic life strategy of young people. The respondents were selected randomly using the attainable units method. A total of 279 respondents were interviewed. The marital status of the respondents was divided into three groups. In this study, the childfree phenomenon was subjectively assessed. The study showed that young people’s ideas about their own life strategies are personal in nature. People strive to free themselves from unnecessary worries; many do not consider having children a priority when choosing the trajectory of their future. The main difficulties noted by respondents are related to finances, career and great responsibility.

Keywords: life strategies, consumerism, emancipation, hedonism, ideology, student, feminism, childfree, sociological research, demography

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to conduct a socio-historical study of the evolution and stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. The main problem is to identify and characterize the evolution and patterns that reveal the entrepreneurship of Chinese youth as a market mechanism that successfully functions in the conditions of the socialist economy of China. The object of the study is the entrepreneurial activity of young Chinese people. The subject of the study is the systematization of the stages of formation of youth entrepreneurship in various periods of transformation of Chinese society. The sources of information are scientific research carried out by Russian and Chinese researchers, as well as researchers from other countries. A comprehensive analysis of the sociodynamics of the development of youth entrepreneurship in China allows us to thoroughly and objectively identify and characterize the main systemic connections of this social phenomenon. The research methodology assumes a socio-historical analysis of the stages of the formation of youth entrepreneurship in China. A generalized analysis of the significant dependence of youth entrepreneurship on the general trends in the development of entrepreneurship in China as a social institution and the need for significant regulatory, organizational, educational efforts on the part of society and the state for its formation, maintenance and development is carried out. It is shown that at the stage of transition of Chinese society from subsistence farming to a planned economy (1945-1950), youth entrepreneurship was mainly spontaneous, non-institutional in nature and manifested itself as facts of entrepreneurial activity of individuals. The patriarchal way of life and rigid hierarchies of relations did not contribute to the development of entrepreneurial initiative of young people. At the second stage, in the process of transition to an industrial society (1951-1966), the centralization of the economy is increasing, and the main areas of activity of Chinese youth are directed to the political sphere, to the detriment of entrepreneurial initiatives in the economy. The third stage, the transition to an open society (1967-1978), is characterized by changes in the understanding of the political role of youth in society, the era after the Cultural Revolution laid the foundation for recognizing the important role of market foundations and youth entrepreneurship in the subsequent stages of China's development. The transition to a legal society (the fourth stage of the "Four Modernizations", after 1978), gives impetus to the development of youth entrepreneurship in China.

Keywords: youth unemployment, difficulties of formation, business organizations, stimulating entrepreneurship, governmental support, modern directions of entrepreneurship, stages of formation, historical-sociological approach, the youth, sociology entrepreneurship

Abstract: The article considers ideology as a certain kind of social field in a social space, and also presents an analysis of the contribution of Pierre Bourdieu's theory to the study of ideology. Based on the works of Pierre Bourdieu, concepts such as the ideological field and ideological capital are introduced. The ideological field is a system of objective social relations that ensure the production and reproduction of ideologies and their structures. In the article, the author establishes specific patterns of functioning of the ideological field and ideological capital. The main goals of ideological production are to increase and increment profitability, influence and power, as well as "surplus value". According to Pierre Bourdieu's theory, differences in social space and social fields are produced due to a certain distribution and uneven ratio capital. The ideological field, as well as other social fields, is a place of competition and struggle of multidirectional antagonistic social forces. The ideological space consists of "nodal points" and "floating signifiers", which are attached to "nodal points" depending on the "surplus value" allocated by them. The main incentive for the development of ideological capital, as well as economic capital and other forms of capital, is the desire for self-reproduction, self-growth and accumulation. Ideological capital is a set of self-reproducing and self-growing ideas and beliefs that claim to dominate society. So, the application and development of Pierre Bourdieu's social theory in relation to ideology opens up the possibility of analyzing the real social practices of agents and institutions, their strategies and interests.

Keywords: capital, ideological field, ideology, social field, social theory, social space, social philosophy, ideological capital, philosophy, Pierre Bourdieu

Abstract: The subject of the study is the causes and nature of the functioning of social policy as a risk management system. The article discusses the emergence of practices of redistribution of wealth to solve political, economic, social and moral problems and the features of the implementation of these practices. The social policy of the ancient world is studied, aimed at managing the risks associated with solidarity and the stability of the hierarchy. The influence of the three Abrahamic religions is considered, which led to the fact that social support received the character of the fulfillment of religious prescriptions. The risks that arose in the industrial era, that is, the risk of social stability and economic slowdown due to the insolvency of large groups of the population, and then the risk of refusal of economic activity of social assistance recipients, are analyzed. The importance of social policy regulation increases with the complexity of the economy and democratization. On one hand, a developed social policy protects individuals from the risks of disability and economic instability. On the other hand, due to the aging of the population, the costs of social policy increase, which itself becomes a source of risk, since its reduction turns out to be politically unacceptable. This feature is complicated by the coexistence of a number of historical features of social support systems and their perception based on a unique combination of ethical and economic premises.

Keywords: heqdesh, insurance, waqf, social support, welfare state, benefits, allowances, pensions, charity, social policy

Abstract: The present research is devoted to the study of the role of the media in shaping and promoting the image of political parties. The analysis used general scientific methods, such as institutional and historical, as well as elements of content analysis of official documents and analysis of statistical data. The study of the image of political parties will always be relevant to ensure modern mechanisms for its formation. However, in the era of digitalization, political parties must be able to instantly adapt to new trends and trends in the field of communication. Research on the visual aspects of political communication has now acquired particular relevance due to the spread of social media in the political sphere. Communications and the environment of communication in the modern world are changing, which means that the process of obtaining information is also changing. The study of technologies for promoting the political image of parties through such channels as the media and social networks is of particular importance. In modern democratic states, political parties act as that socio-political institution, the issue of the perception of the image of which by citizens is of particular interest. Political transformations taking place in modern society lead to fundamental transformations in the mass consciousness, a change in the perception of images, their semantic content. Political parties are undergoing significant changes both at the institutional level and at the level of the formation and perception of their image by the mass consciousness. Political parties today are forced to quickly adapt to new conditions, which invariably entails fundamental changes both in the party structure and in party politics. Mediatization pushes political parties to the inevitable activation of mechanisms to attract voters through the media.

Keywords: trust rating, social network, mass media, digital space, digitalization, civil society, image, elections, party system, political parties

Abstract: The article explores the main ideas of the concept of justice by John Locke, one of the most prominent representatives of the social and political philosophy of Modern times. The article considers the contractual theory of the origin of the state and the concept of justice in the context of the relevance of the realities of the modern world. D. Locke's concept of justice is investigated in the light of the enrichment of this problem. The author considers D. Locke's views as a reflection of the realities of social life of this era and tries to identify in them ideas that can be used in the realization of justice in modern society. The author explores D. Locke's concept of justice from the point of view of a materialistic understanding of history, the unity of various spheres of public life, the relationship of causal and functional relationships, in the context of the dialectic of economics and politics, from the point of view of the relationship and interdependence of needs, interests and moral values. The concept of D. Locke is considered as a pronounced contractual theory. The socio-political views of D. Locke in the light of the concept of justice seem interesting and original. The concept of D. Locke has its merits, for example, the position on the priority of the idea of the public good over the private selfish interests of an individual, the position on the need to correspond to the mind of individual interests and freedom. The unconditional merits in his research can be attributed to the further enrichment of contractual theory, his interpretation of the concept of fair equality and property rights. This interpretation was a reflection of new historical realities. D. Locke's ideas remain relevant in the context of modern socio-political realities and require further research.

Keywords: justice, freedom, responsibility, equality, property, needs, interests, values, good, social contract

Abstract: The article is devoted to the dynamics of morality and the peculiarities of its functioning in various social fields. The interdependence of the cultural code of the epoch, the peculiarities of its reading and the transformation of moral matrices is investigated. The authors highlight the peculiarities of changing moral values in the digital age. The influence of digitalization on the behavior of users in the Network is shown. The issues of image formation in the Internet era, the impact of digitalization on the individual, the readiness of society for the achievements of the digital revolution are touched upon. It is said about the importance of compliance with ethical standards in the World Wide Web by all actors using IT innovations. The emphasis is placed on the psychological readiness of society members for digital scientific and technical achievements. Special attention is paid to the role of ideology, agitation and propaganda in the digital information space, their influence on the development of the ideological principles of citizens. The importance of the formation of moral values of Internet users is noted. The ways of prevention or possible resolution of social conflicts and risks associated with the ethical side of the use of information technologies are proposed. It is stated that under the influence of the Global Network and the constant improvement of information technologies, the ethics of individual behavior in society is gradually transformed. The article presents the results of the author's sociological research, which makes the conclusions of the article scientifically sound.

Keywords: socio-economic development, The Internet, values, taboo, postmodern, Overton windows, social norms, moral, digitalization, ethics

Abstract: This article explores the normative problems of commodification of biomaterials in the process of development of genomics and genome medicine. It is demonstrated that in the era of advanced biocapitalism, when the relations between capital, knowledge and life become of particular importance, biomaterials undergo an economic turnover, are viewed as the objects of property and patent law, becoming the source of gaining profit. This results in the conflicts associated with the protection of rights of the individual, whose body is the source of biomaterials. In the context of consideration of the practices of commodification of biomaterials, the author reviews different modes of relations between the individual, science and society, with the characteristic to each of them articulation of the priority of personal or public good. The article provides the ethical analysis of incidents caused by the development of genetic technologies within the framework of the mode of confrontation between the individual and science, altruistic and compensatory modes, and mode of protection of civil rights. The conclusion is made that the developing processes of commodification require finding balance between the rights of the state and the interests of individuals, public good and personal values. The right to control own biomaterials and genetic information, voluntary and free transfer of biological materials, observance of biosafety and medical confidentiality – all these problems of the development of genomics require constant ethical monitoring in each specific case of using biomaterials.

Keywords: commodification of biomaterials, genome patenting, biocapitalism, science and society, biotechnology ethics, biomaterials, commodification, commercialization of nature, philosophy of genetics, egg donation

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of moral-historical discourse and its role in achieving social harmony. Leaning on the Russian and foreign works dedicated to the problem of the moral assessment of history, as well as the writings of Habermas and Luhmann, the author analyzes the specificity of the modern moral-historical discourse in the context of symbolic politics. The application of praxeological approach towards the values of historical consciousness allows conducting comparative analysis of the place and role of moral interpretation of the past within the scientific-historical, socio-publicist, socio-political, cultural and educational discourses. The novelty of this study lies in the socio-philosophical analysis of the role of moral-historical discourse as a factor of achieving social harmony. It is determined that the moral-historical discourse is an important condition in the process of achieving social harmony and is not reduced only to the ethical questions of historical science. In this case, social harmony manifests as a product of symbolic politics implemented by various actors within the framework of social discourses.

Keywords: historical consciousness, reassessment of the past, social harmony, ethics of history, historical justice, historical responsibility, moral and historical discourse, symbolic politics, ethics of memory, values

Abstract: Sociopolitical assessments of the religious situation in 1970’s – 1990’s are often associated with the optimistic characteristics of the activities of the religious organizations. Processes related to restoration of the structures of the Russian Orthodox Church, reconstruction and return of the church property were perceived as the result of liberal government policy with regards to the Russian Orthodox Church. In reality, especially in the regions, multiple solutions of central authorities remained at the level of declarations and statements of intentions to act in the spirit of liberalization and democratization. The processes taking place within the Russian Orthodox Church since the middle of 1970’s until the beginning of 1990’s are being analyzed. The author examines the documents from the State Archive of Altai Krai testifying to the situation of parish life of the Russian Orthodox Church in Altai Krai in the context of comparative analysis with the events in other eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of RSFSR. Despite the general character of the state church policy, the relationships between the government institutions, represented by multiple commissioners for religious cults affairs, and eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church differed in both, the methods and character of interaction. The scientific novelty consists in the analysis and introduction into the scientific discourse of the sources that have not been previously covered in the scientific literature.

Keywords: revival of religious life, religious practices, check-in Orthodox communities, Diocese of Novosibirsk, Orthodox parish, Orthodox believer, Church policy, Russian Orthodox church, Orthodoxy in Altai, dynamics of religious life

Abstract: In absence of the unified value system within the modern Russian society, the spiritual and moral value orientations, which define the behavioral system, represent the axiological basis necessary for adaptation of youth in the modern world.  This article is dedicate to analysis of the role of religiosity in establishment pf the spiritual and moral values and behavioral orientations of young people. The authors present a quinary structure of a religious personality. The object of this research is defined by attitude of the modern youth to religion. The article provides the results of applied sociological study on the topic “Possibilities of implementation of the ideation principle of relation of the Russian modern youth to religion within the applied sociological study (using the materials of higher educational facilities of Saint Petersburg)”.  The students of the faculty of Arts of St. Petersburg State University (at the stage of approbation), students of the faculty of Philosophy, Theology, Religious Studies, and students of the faculty of Psychology of the Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy took place in the aforementioned study. After the 40 interviews were completed, there followed a conclusion that within the structure of spiritual and moral value orientations, religiosity holds rather low positions, which correlated with the dominance of fragmentary-eclectic mentality. The level of religiosity and morality of the majority of young people is not yet at the point described by P. A. Sorokin as “altruistic transformation”.

Keywords: Science, Religion, Russia, Science and religion, Religiosity, Orthodox belief, Values, Youth, Value orientations, Religiosity of personality

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of provocation in the ambivalent postmodern society. The article outlines the prerequisites for usage of provocations by social actors, among which are riskogenics, “liquidity of moral”, high socio-cultural dynamics resulting in increased rationalization of social interaction. The purpose of the article is researching provocation as social action with consideration of research results by modern scientists, as well as analysis of elements of provocation strategies, their nature and the possible targets of provocators. In terms of research methodology, the article is based on definition analysis and cross-disciplinary analysis of scientific sources on the subject of provocation. The findings have enabled the researcher to formulate a more precise definition of provocation than those suggested before in sociology and to make conclusions regarding the social essence of provocations. The results of the study showed that provocation is primarily a multi-stage process which is driven by an actor concealing his intentions, frequently corrupting moral standards and damaging the object of the provocation. The obtained results enable social scientists to pursue further research of the phenomenon of social provocation and may assist in resolving conflict situations.

Keywords: deception, postmodern society, social interaction, affectivity, emotional impact, conflict, provocation, risk, morality, trust

Abstract: This article reveals the aspects of correctness of sociological research and the importance of reflexive mechanisms in this matter. Sociological research in the way how it is conducted and how it is treated by the institutions of public opinion, do not explain the logic of selection of individual respondents' opinion and explain the logic of aggregating individual opinions (preferences) in the public opinion. Therefore, the methodology of sociological research should be the search and definition of the populations that are at least intuitively have analytical knowledge about the studied issue.The author proposes to use the reflexivity of respondents which imply the ability of the subjective reflection of the object as a criterion for the selection of respondents in the model of sociological studies. Reflexivity is the primary and most specific parameter of the actor in terms of ensuring the adequacy of subjective images of the environment.Thus, the interviewed group of respondents shall be selected by the highest value of the coefficient of reflexivity, as a fundamental capacity of the individual correctly and fully construct external world.

Keywords: relationship between the actors, public opinion, political models, sociological research, social efficienty, moral choice, political actor, reflexive game theory, reflextion, political theory

Abstract: The subject of this article is the analysis of the noneconomic conditions of transition of communities from modernity to late modernity. In the conditions of late modernity among important noneconomic factors of further progress of society there is a great increase of the role of the noneconomic factors of development, first and foremost, of individual and institutional trust. The value of trust in the process of its expansion and institutionalization allows lowering the transactional costs in all important spheres of life of the society. Nevertheless, despite all the advantages of such transition, the paradox lies the fact that within the practical (semi-) peripheral capitalist societies we can observe stability of individual and institutional strategies of mistrust. In the course of the conducted research, using the theories of cooperation games in the conditions of incomplete information it is revealed that the economic advantages of expanded trust for the sphere of market exchange that dominates the post-modern societies, are theoretically proven and empirically verifiable. In this context, on the example of modern Russia, the article examines the situation of leveling of the previously achieved value-institutional stages of trust.  

Keywords: Trust, Distrust, Late modernity, Modernization, Post-material values, Self-realization, Neoliberalism, Transaction costs, Peripheral capitalism, Russia

Abstract: This article focuses attention on the issues of scientifically substantiated establishment of the actors of social policy. In the author’s opinion, the effective development requires the reflexive mechanism of choosing the actors of social policy based on the models of the inner world of an actor, which will allow planning the actors’ relations from the sociopolitical conflicts towards the manageable confrontation and compromise. The author demonstrates that the positions of algebraic theory of reflection of an actor play a key role on the establishment of the actors of social policy, not as much by the rational qualities, as by the types of reflection. The algebraic theory of reflection of an actor allows examining the social subjectivity from the algorithmic point of view, in other words, we can discuss what type of subjectivity of social policy should be formed. The main conclusion consists in the fact that the analysis of the reflexive structure of the actors of administration will allow choosing the actors of social policy, which possess a reflection on compromise as a framework instrument of the group compatibility and an instrument of actors’ responsibility of social policy. The author proposes to view the reflexive model as the model of managing the social subjectivity, the main concept of which is the reflection on responsible cooperation and conscious compromise of the actor’s relations in the society.    

Keywords: Reflexive managements, Actors of social policy, Moral choice , Social effectiveness, Social responsibility, Political recruitment, Algebraic model, Actors’ relations, Reflexive games theory , Political theory

Abstract: Object of research is the problem of a moral condition of Bolshevik party in the 1920th years and attempt of the guide of Bolsheviks to develop behavioural norms of party members in various life and political situations united in a peculiar party behavioural doctrine under the general name "party ethics".It is claimed that the necessity of development of behavioural norms was caused by active moral degradation of party which began during civil war. In the years of war at party members, especially in a key element, the feeling of exclusiveness and indispensability and as a result - permissiveness arose and became stronger, and the bulk of the population which was exposed to violence from all directions, in turn has a complex of subordination, indifference, fear of party functionaries. In such social and psychological situation, the authority of party promptly fell. Already in the early twenties in the management came to a conclusion that it is necessary to stop "liberties" of the first postrevolutionary years development and deployment in life of the laws of behavior including set of a ban for party members in their introduction on party Wednesday and a strict requirement of performance.In 1924 the morals are finally approved as party category and become a form of social control over party members of Bolsheviks, and subsequently and over all society. Process of development and deployment of behavioural norms in everyday life, the attitudes towards them of rank-and-file members of party and citizens is analyzed. It is proved that practice of development and application in the 20th years of standards of party ethics showed all their artificiality and remoteness from real life. Former moral values were replaced with the tough materialistic theory, narrow and materialistic political realism, Bolsheviks a little that offered new that would be perceived by the people at once and unconditionally. The neglect to heritage of ancestors, culture of the past was available. Rigid confrontational stereotypes took root. There was a devaluation of the ethical standards, because of loss controlling behavior of the person of many norms. On the practical level introduction of standards of party ethics in everyday life wasn't led to essential change of behavioural stereotypes in everyday life. Growth of corruption, lawlessness, household hooliganism observed for 1920 years among party members were the certificate to that.

Keywords: party ethics, morals, ethics, discussion, behavior, power, values, prohibition, asceticism, everyday life

Abstract: The authors of the article analyze various options of the foreign ("Dissidents in the Soviet Union: policy, ideology and people") and domestic (A.A. Danilov, I.A. Romankina, M.R. Melnik, V. N. Sergeyev) classifications of stages of the dissident movement in the USSR. Authors connect a start of motion with the post-war period or Khruschev's "thaw"; allocate a turning point - crisis of oppositional movement in 1964-1965; recognize the "Helsinki" period (an exit to the international level; a final boundary of movement carry to 1985-1987. The Teoretiko-metodologichesky basis of research is made by the principles of: a) objectivity; b) historicism; c) systemaсity, d) the full account social and subjective in an object of research and the greatest possible neutralization of the prejudiced relation of the scientist at interpretation and an assessment of the facts. Owing to opportunities, the principles of social and psychological approach and the principle of a correctness and sensitivity in an assessment of the actual material as feature of movement of dissidents I was strong moral and ethical a component of its participants were used.Besides the methodological principles in research the special and historical principles were applied: updating, diachrony, comparative-historical, problem and chronological; and also general scientific principles such as the principles of classification, statistical, structural and systems principles. Scientific novelty consists actually in statement of a question of the analysis of various options of a periodization of dissident movement in the USSR. The epoch-making dates in all periodizations are post-war years or the Khrushchev's "thaw" when the dissident movement only started to form; in 1964-1965 - crisis in opposition development; "Helsinki" period and gaining access to the western society; and  the end of the movement in 1985-1987. 

Keywords: USSR, opposition, dissident movement, stages, human rights movement, Great Patriotic War, destalinization, the Khrushchev Thaw, Helsinki Accords, perestroika

Abstract: The authors of the article analyze the main moral and ethical issues of the humankind at the modern state of the development of society. Environmental crisis has made the humankind to think over these problems because today the crisis is a real threat not only for individual societies but the biosphere in general. Based on the assumption that all the problems under consideration have the same general feature, i.e. all of them can be described from the point of view of the dominance-submission relation, the authors of the article suggest to replace the dominance - submission ethics with the care - responsibility ethics in interpersonal relations for the purpose of sustainable development. Creation of a stable society is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Special emphasis is made on the need to expand the definition of sustainable development as well as the scope of application of the term so that it includes the sphere of ethics. In broader terms sustainable development means non-regressive, i.e. the safest type of social evolution aimed at protection of civilization and biosphere, their co-existence and co-evolution.

Keywords: gender inequality, corporate egoism, crown manipulation, militarization, socio-natural contradiction, sustainabe society, sustainable development, excessive consumption, environmental safety, economic inequality

Abstract: By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation N. 298 of March 13, 2012 it was assigned to the Government of the Russian Federation "... to issue before October 1, 2012 a typical normative act, obligating persons holding state offices in the Russian Federation, constituent subjects of the Russian Federation, municipal offices, state servants, municipal servants, employees of the Central Bank of hte Russian Federation, employees of the organizations formed by the Russian Federation based upon the federal laws to provide notification on receipt of gifts due to or related to their official positions in cases provided for by the federal legislation". Why is this issue being discussed? Many specialists state that the provisions of the Civil Code and the laws on public service and status of the military officers regulating the relations among the officials and gifts to them, contain significant contradictions.  Therefore, the existing contradictions in the legislation of the Russian Federation do not facilitate the unified approach to its implementation, as it was stated in the letter issued by the Ministry of Labor of Russia, and untill these contradictions are terminated, there should be a model regulation.  In our opinion, there is need to directly exclude the situations, which directly or indirectly lead to the appearance of material benefits.  The society generally should not have  suspicions on "wellness" of material benefit received by the official.

Keywords: corruption, fighting corruption, typical provisions, public servants, municipal servants, official, gift, bribe, reward, declaration

Abstract: The article is devoted to politics as a particular administrative phenomenon. The author of the article studies the essence and forms of politics. Noteworthy that there is a great diversity of policies at different levels of the system of social administration which once again shows the essence of politics as the phenomenon of public administration. Such diversity proves that politics is a widely spread phenomenon and plays a very significant role in the sphere of public and social administration. Special attention is paid to the state policy. The author of the artile shows that the state policy of a democratic state is the most complex and developed form of politics. It reveals not only the nature of all policies but also peculiarities and rules of political environment. The state policy is becoming one of the leading forms of social life and it is also a very interesting subject to be researched. In conclusion, the author offers an essential definition of politics as the administrative phenomenon shown in resolutions and determining the directions of executive activities. 

Keywords: state policy, public administration, forms of politics, political diversity, political environment, politics, social administration, guidance, resolution

Abstract: One of the aspects of humanization of a modern Western school is equal rights for children with disabilities and retardation, in other words, elimination of so called special schools for abnormal children. This refers to creation of an integrated school for children with different abilities and educational opportunities. Traditionally, special education has been oriented at education and teaching not only disabled children but also talented, gifted children (i.e. all groups of 'special' children). Throughout the history of development of special education, the main issue has remained the differentiation between physical and mental disability. The given article offers the reader to learn about legal requirements for education of disabled children in countries with different systems of law - USA and France. 

Keywords: politics, capacity, education, legislation, disability

Abstract: The author shows the limitations of a narrow-minded opinion on what causes international terrorism as well as non-efficiency of sociotechnical methods of fighting it. It is interpreted as the contradiction between the life style of a pragmati technological society (civilization) and socities oriented at traditional spiritual values (cultures). Global expansion of the idea of technological consumer civilization leads to the death of civilization. Russia sould not hurry to get rid of spiritual life regulators. Struggle to keep traditions as the basis of culture and control over technologies, especially in humanitarian sphere, - this is the essential condition for creating the historical future of modern humanity. 

Keywords: idea, culture, society, values, civilization, terrorism, consumerism, traditions, Russia, management