Abstract: In the context of the global internetization of society, when the influence of digital technologies is growing not only in the household, public, but also in the religious spheres, the problem of studying their impact on socio-political processes in society and the livelihoods of individuals and groups is becoming more urgent. The article analyzes the representation of the practice of pilgrimage of people to the graves of saints ((aulia), mostly dedicated to the sacred monuments of archeology) in the social networks of the Internet. The authors propose to study pilgrims as a special socio-cultural group based on both traditional field and new methods of online research (netography) of online communities. In the course of the research, the Internet group "Sufi RB", created and moderated by followers of the Naqshbandi tariqa Haqqaniah, was studied using digital netnography methods. Grave analysis of the published materials, as well as the activity of the group's audience, indicates the high interest of the actors in Sufism and events organized by Sufis at holy sites – Mount Narystau (Miyakinsky district), the graves of Ural Batyr (Beloretsky district), the graves of Aldar Batyr (Burzyansky district), etc. Community leaders organize mass events (up to 10,000 people) every year in order to mobilize followers at holy sites and sacral archaeological sites in the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of studying the data obtained, it was revealed that in the target audience of the community there is a slight predominance of women over men and people over 50 years of age over all other age categories of subscribers. Most of the group's actors, except for the regional capital, live in settlements located in the southern and southeastern parts of the region. The results obtained are almost completely correlated with the data collected during the 2013-2018 field trips. The positive result of conducting a study of pilgrims as a socio-cultural group using digital ethnography methods, supplemented by the results of field research, allows us to consider it effective and gives grounds to use it in scientific research. The experience gained by religious online communities in building the organization of interaction between people and sacred archaeological heritage sites in the Internet space can be used for the development of tourism, etc.

Keywords: online communities, netography, social networks, Sufism, pilgrimage, holy places, aulia, archeological monuments, The Southern Urals, ethnography

Abstract: This article presents the results of the sociological diagnosis of pathologies in the practice of public regional administration. The relevance of the research topic is due to the presence of problems in the socio-economic development of the country, largely related to the quality of the forms and methods used in management activities, both at the federal and regional levels. The tasks of pathology research in the practice of public regional management are of paramount importance, since any modification of the management system can be effective only if there is a clear understanding of the barriers preventing it from approaching the most useful state. Nevertheless, the study and implementation of the mechanism of systemic counteraction to destructive factors of regional governance remains a relatively new phenomenon in the context of the so-called transformation. The methodological basis used is the work of researchers devoted to the study of social mechanisms; dialectical approach, the concept of technologization of management. As part of the study of the chosen topic, a methodology was developed and a sociological study was conducted using the questionnaire method - an expert survey "Analysis of factors contributing to or hindering the effective operation of public regional government." (February - March 2024). The study included a questionnaire survey of experts from four regions of the Central Federal District. (Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh and Oryol regions) and a secondary analysis of the results of sociological research. Based on the conducted sociological diagnostics, indicators of pathologies in public regional management were identified: an incompetence-oriented system of professional development of managerial personnel; making managerial decisions for personal interest, etc. The illustration of pathology indicators in the practice of public regional management highlights the importance of developing a mechanism that promotes systemic leveling of pathologies in the management practice of public regional management.

Keywords: pathologies in management, social mechanisms, pathology, public regional administration, management, regional management, key indicators, pathology diagnostics, public administration, dysfunctions

Abstract: In the context of modern challenges and "external" threats, the identification of mechanisms for the consolidation of society is becoming one of the critically important areas of scientific research. In turn, this initiates the study of such an object as social capital. Because it is its nature and structural elements that greatly contribute to the unification processes and the maintenance of order in society. The purpose of the study is to identify the theoretical and methodological foundations and the relevant structure of elements for assessing social capital at the macro level, taking into account the ethnic diversity of the regions and the current conditions of Russia. The basic theories and their leading positions, which are of fundamental importance in relation to the study of social capital at the macro level, are highlighted. Considerable attention is devoted to highlighting the traditions and main provisions of Russian research on social capital, which have theoretical and methodological potential for its research in regional societies, taking into account the peculiarities of functioning in relation to the conditions of Russia. The work is based on the application of general scientific methods, including synthesis and generalization, as well as on a structural approach, methods of systematic and comparative analysis. The paper reflects the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the social capital of multiethnic societies. The work concludes the operationalization of the concept of social capital of a multiethnic society, which allows us to describe and assess the current state of its structural elements such as: the level of generalized, interpersonal and institutional trust, the level of tolerance between peoples, the level of tolerance towards migrants, civil and national identity, the level of civic participation. Also, as an example of the practical implementation of the presented methodology, the work contains a fragment of the results of a sociological study conducted with the participation of the author in one of the multiethnic regions of Russia – the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research conducted according to the methodology described in the work allowed us to conclude that the pressure of external threats really contributes to social unity and cohesion of regional communities as components of Russian society, as evidenced by the received trend of movement of indicators of social capital towards a positive orientation.

Keywords: identity, trust, social resources, social processes, non-material factors of development, social stability, multi-ethnic society, consolidation, social capital, ethnic diversity

Abstract: Every year, the number of users of social networks is growing, representing not only a growth of communication between users and obtaining the necessary information, but also a political communication space growth. Over the past ten years, political parties have been increasing their presence on social media and broadcasting their political agenda. Currently, it is problematic to assess the effectiveness of communication on users of social networks with a political agenda. It is not clear what place political campaigning occupies on social networks against the background of other types of campaigning, including campaigning in the media. The hypothesis of the study is the statement that political campaigning on social networks influences the decision of the voter in the presidential elections of the Russian Federation. The research methodology includes: the method of content analysis, comparative analysis, as well as the method of comparison and the method of secondary data analysis. The aim of the work is to obtain data on the impact of the social media community of Russian presidential candidates during the election campaign in the 2024 elections. The objectives of the research are to study the political communication in the social networks of presidential candidates and the impact on the decision-making of the voter for whom to cast their vote on election day. The study is conducted during the campaign period from February 17 to March 15, 2024. The novelty of the work is to obtain specific data, on the basis of which a conclusion was drawn about the effectiveness of political campaigning on social networks in federal elections in Russia, as a result of which the hypothesis about the impact of political communication on social networks during the campaigning period was not confirmed.

Keywords: electorate, content analysis, social networks analysis, campaign period, election campaigning, political communication, social networks, political technologies, social technologies, Presidential elections

Abstract: The study examines the role of Telegram channels in shaping the modern political ecosystem of Russian society, focusing on their significance in digital mobilization, public opinion formation and political discourse. Telegram channels are analyzed as key elements where the horizontal connections of self-organizing communities intersect with the vertical structures of power. This dual interaction reveals patterns of their influence on the transformation of political communication and highlights their contribution to new forms of interaction between citizens and political institutions. The choice of Telegram is justified by its popularity and unique content organization, which supports civic engagement and patriotic values. The research methodology integrates network and ecosystem approaches, allowing for the study of Telegram channels as interconnected components of the political environment. Quantitative methods were used to analyze channel metrics, while qualitative content analysis identified key discourses and thematic features. The study’s novelty lies in its application of integrated network and ecosystem approaches to analyze Telegram channels as critical elements of the political ecosystem in the digital era. It identifies mechanisms through which these channels influence political mobilization and public opinion by facilitating interactions between horizontal and vertical structures. Key findings include the identification of metrics and thematic features that underscore the channels’ role in fostering civic activity and patriotic sentiment. The analysis also emphasizes the critical role of digital platforms in adapting the political ecosystem to the challenges of the digital age by decentralizing information flows and strengthening horizontal networks. The results enhance understanding of digital communication mechanisms and offer tools for developing effective strategies to engage diverse social groups.

Keywords: Patriotic values, Political communication, Political mobilization, Telegram channels, Digitalization, Information and communication technologies, Integration model, Ecosystem approach, Network approach, Political ecosystem