Abstract: Prospects of human existence remains one of the eternal topics to be discussed by the world philosophy. Basically, this topic has been related to the three factors: stupendous achievements of human intelligence, transformation of human nature and realization of human cosmic destination. It is needless to say about the advance of science and associated hopes and expectances. It is the science which helped to create the modern civilization with its high level of welfare, startling resources and grandiose communications. The picture of the world has been completely changed. Scientists have recoded the human genome. They are trying to learn the basic secrets of nature by the means of hadron collider. People have learnt to cure cancer of almost all organs, transplant the heart, sew legs and hands and even make clones of themselves. Quite naturally, the advance of science has made many people used to the thought that there are no problems the science couldn’t solve. Future human existence is associated with the advance of science and culture, too.

Keywords: pedagogy, philosophy, education, culture, noosphere, science, enlightenment, human nature, transcendence, philosophical anthropology.

Abstract: The author of the article carries out a philosophical analysis of the terms ‘ideology’ and ‘culture’ as a part of research in ontology of faith. With reference to spiritual values of Russian nations and humankind in general, the author seeks for motivation which is more suitable for efficient formation of personality and sustainable support of socio-cultural mechanisms of succession. The author analyzes the influence of symbol on our consciousness from the point of view of succession of values and draws our attention to axiological element of diverse ideas followed by human, and importance of scientific structure and grounds for actual hierarchy of these ideas. It is proved that ideology is not always aimed at high personal values and this is why should not be used in education. While culture naturally teaches human to understand the truth represented by religion and philosophy as symbolic, complex and logical, ideology artificially forms rational formulas and stereotypes oriented solely at economic progress.

Keywords: philosophy, pedagogy, culture, ideology, up-bringing, faith, succession, values, symbol, fanaticism.

Abstract: Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) is a German-American philosopher and political theorist. She seriously thought to develop systematic phenomenology and analytics of politics. At the same time, Arendt based herself on such basic concepts of political philosophy as power, freedom, violence, revolution and social issue. She tried to build a non-metaphysical ontology which would contribute to human freedom instead of making human a hostage of cause-and-effect relations. The keynotes of her philosophy are freedom and humanism. To her freedom is not only a fundamental characteristic of human existence but also the main criteria for assessing social and spiritual progress. Hannah Arendt showed contradictions of social development and her ideas about social activity and totalitarianism played an important role in formation of modern political studies. Her publishing and cultural-political activity was highly appraised by the society. The present article is devoted to Hannah Arendt’s interpretation of the phenomenon of mass society. Her cultural and philosophical views haven’t been fully discussed in Russian philosophical literature yet.

Keywords: philosophy, education, culture, mass society, individual, mob psychology, burgess, art, value, self-alienation.

Abstract: As a philosophical movement, existentialism has been today replaced by new tendencies. However, human existence is still associated with many threats and contradictions. Human life is often exposed to danger not only due to global catastrophes and risks. There is a new anthropological image which is going to be created based on high-tech resources. Even though human life seems to enjoy his well-being, he is entering the world of paradoxical values. Gay people can get married and raise children. Political reality is viewed as a part of psychopathology. Absurdity, as Albert Camus once said, is met on every street corner. Traditional values are not just fading away. They demonstrate their other side like werewolves. Strong family union is viewed as an anachronism and sacrifice is viewed as a romantic folly. Honesty is the relic of the past and modesty is the manifestation of being unsuccessful. In such a situation we all need life-purpose orientations. Fear and quiver, the feeling of hopelessness and fits of insanity follow a man and make him make his own decisions and show his own ‘human’ response. Such a response is individual and can’t be collective.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, philosophical anthropology, existential, human, personality, activity, meaning, subjectivity, life-purpose orientations.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the main values of family relations in Russian philosophical and pedagogical thought of the XII-XVI centuries. Based on the analysis of Old Russian writing, the author of the article describes ideal representations and everyday reality of mother’s and father’s up-brining and children’s behavior in their families. Special attention is paid at the following Old Russian words about teaching and up-bringing: Instruction of Vladimir Monomakh, Sermon on Law and Grace, Parables of Cyril of Turaw, the Bishop, Reading about Boris and Gleb, Life of Sergius of Radonezh, life of Antony of Kiev, Life of the Saint of Murom Yulia of Lazarev, Selected Works of 1076 and Domostroy. Based on the analysis of these works, the author defines the main provisions of the theory of parenting up-bringing typical for that period in history. The author analyzes al theories and provisions and based on the analysis, makes a conclusion that in Old Russia a family followed philosophical and pedagogical ideals in their understanding of the essence of up-bringing.

Keywords: pedagogy, up-bringing, up-bringing in Russia, parenting style, motherhood and fatherhood, up-bringing values, up-bringing ideals, up-bringing traditions, up-bringing experience, respect for parents.

Abstract: The article analyzes institutional processes in the system of higher education in Russia and United States. It is underlined that higher education is required for civil development because a democratic society needs educated citizens who would participate in the decision-making process. Since one of the declared targets of institutional reforms at universities is the transition to innovation-driven education which would guarantee a proper level of proficiency of graduates in comparison with the leading universities (mostly American ones), it is necessary to carry out a comparative analysis of institutional processes which would lead to positive changes. By using the provisions of comparative analysis and neoinstitutionalism, the author of the article views the leading institutions which implementation in the Russian education environment (taking into account the national specifics) would make the transition to innovation-driven education easier, raise proficiency level of graduates and help Russian universities to achieve the international standards.

Keywords: education, neoinstitutionalism, institutes, university transformations, comparative analysis, social dilemmas, Russian society, education reform, academic community.

Abstract: The article provides a biography of a famous scientist and a doctor, teacher and a great person Iosif Abramovich Kassirsky. The author of the article offers a detailed analysis of Kassirsky’s scientific, teaching and medical activities. Special attention is paid at his decisive role in creation of a Soviet medical school in hematology and tropical diseases. Much attention is also paid at a wonderful and bright personality of I. A. Kassirsky. The article represents many memories about Kassirsky shared by his colleagues, friends, students and family members. The author of the article also analyzes the main peculiarities of his scientific and teaching activities in the sphere of medicine. Special emphasis is made on Kassirsky’s personal qualities and high values. These were the qualities remembered by his contemporaries most of all. In conclusion, the author provides a general assessment of Kassirsky’s works in medicine and the scientific school founded by him. The article also contains a detailed list of Kassirsky’s works and publications.

Keywords: I. A. Kassirsky, scientist, doctor, human, medicine, diagnostics, scientific school, hematology, tropic diseases, scientist’s personality.

Abstract: Editors of the Pedagogy and Education Journal congratulates a famous Russian teacher and a member of the editorial board, professor, Oleg Konstantinovich Filatov on his birthday and wishes him a long life, good health and success in all his doings!

Keywords: pedagogy, professor, editorial board, Oleg Konstantinovich Filatov.

Abstract: People of previous epochs are still alive in our memory due to a special form of social practice –memorials. When an ant hill is burnt down, nobody will ever remember it. However, in a human society we keep the memory about former generations. The past is still there in our minds. Humanitarian sciences have a principle of historicism allowing to understand the past as a part of historical process. The article states that as a methodological principle historicism was not created at once. A German historian and history philosopher Friedrich Meineke in his book ‘Formation of Historicism’ described a full and faithful process of how the phenomenon was formed. Historicism is viewed as a natural result of the entire ideological development of the West since Antique times. Meineke thoroughly traced back the sources of historicism in works of famous English, French and German educators. The book shows how the historical thought was developing in the Western Europe and opposes to the negative attitude to historicism as a thinking paradigm.

Keywords: education, historicism, philosophy, human nature, spirit, human soul, laws, society, state.