Abstract: The subject of the study is human hair. The authors consider the issues of hair research for biological and forensic chemical research. Currently, despite the large number of studies conducted by forensic medical experts and clinicians, there is no complete, targeted program for the study of hair for elemental composition, psychoactive and toxic substances, enzyme system, in which methods of hair research would be announced not only for forensic, but also for clinical, environmental practice. Forensic doctors have developed methods and techniques for conducting such studies. However, there are no such developments for clinicians, toxicologists. Removal and examination of hair to study the morphological structure is carried out without following the rules (length, description of the structure, indication of magnification of the microscope, characteristics of inclusions and others). The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the lack of widely available data on the characteristics of hair; by determining the content of foreign substances introduced into the body, gives rise to contradictory and even erroneous data. A special contribution of the authors to the study of hair is the proposed algorithm for morphological examination of their elements, which includes such sections as hair removal, macroscopic examination and microscopic examination. The described lesions in the form of inclusions of "black color", "flask-like formations" and "thickening of the core" are characteristic of normal hair and are not signs of exposure to any toxicant. The morphological shape of some hair indicates the effect on the hair of a toxic agent that affected their structure, as a result of which their loss occurred. The damaging factor acts on the desmosomes of the cuticle of the rod and the vaginal membranes of the hair and is exfoliated from its own hair bed. It was determined that the hair carries information about the entry of an intoxicant into the body in the phase of active growth – anagen.

Keywords: chemical and toxicological examination, forensic chemistry, research, withdrawal, spectral analysis, morphology, poisoning, thallium, growth phases, hair

References:
Pavlova A.Z., Kalekin R.A., Orlova A.M., Larev Z.V. On the issue of hair research in forensic medical practice / In the collection: Topical issues of forensic medicine and law. Collection of scientific and practical articles dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the organization of the Republican Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Kazan, 2020. pp. 284-287.
Pavlova A.Z., Larev Z.V., Kalekin R.A., Orlova A.M. Differential diagnosis of human and animal hair for forensic purposes interpretation of chemical and toxicological research / In the collection: Theory and practice of forensic examination in modern conditions. Materials of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference. 2019. pp. 360-365.
Pavlova A.Z., Kalekin R.A., Larev Z.V., Timofeeva E.M., Orlova A.M. On the issue of establishing the species of hair / In the collection: Criminalistics - past, present, future: achievement and prospects of development. Materials of the Interna

Abstract: Taking into account the importance for the criminal case of such an investigative action as a protocol for examining the scene and the significant difficulties that investigators (interrogators) experience during the investigation of illegal extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources, the author analyzed the most common mistakes in drawing up a protocol for examining the scene.
Based on the results of this analysis, it is proposed to systematize errors by classifying both by subject matter and by the object of study in which the error was made. In addition, it is proposed to separately group formal errors in the preparation of a protocol for examining the scene of an incident, made by the preliminary investigation bodies in criminal cases on illegal extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources.

Keywords: prosecutor supervision, public prosecutor, protocol, investigative errors, verification of a crime report, preliminary investigation, protocol of inspection of the scene, aquatic biological resources, prosecutor, investigator

References:
Determination of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of July 18, 2017 No. 1451-O "On the refusal to accept for consideration the complaint of citizen Peretyatko Natalya Nikolaevna about the violation of her constitutional rights by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 3 of part three of Article 49 and paragraph 1 of part two of Article 74 Criminal procedural code of the Russian Federation". [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru (accessed 03/01/2022).
Determination of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2009 N 1258-O-O “On the refusal to accept for consideration the complaint of citizen Andrey Anatolyevich Tokmantsev about the violation of his constitutional rights by a number of provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation” [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.consultant.ru (accessed 03/01/2022).
Determination of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2016 No. 2553-O "On the refusal to accept f

Abstract: The topicality of the research issue is determined by the fact that detection and solution of crimes committed in the modern conditions requires the use of scientific and technical achievements. Expert and forensic departments of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are aimed at assisting the use of technical means and special knowledge at each stage of a criminal investigation. The article considers the issue of the use of a specific type of special knowledge - special forensic knowledge, when checking crime reports. The author substantiates the importance of this stage of initiation of a criminal case, and emphasizes the importance of the work of forensic specialists participating in collecting and analyzing the initial information about a crime. The article analyzes the legal grounds of the use of special knowledge of forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The author arrives at a conclusion that despite its importance, the work of experts with special forensic knowledge is not immune from drawbacks. The author substantiates the idea that it is important to improve the activities aimed at the use of special forensic knowledge at the stage of checking a crime report. 
The analysis of the author’s experience as a forensic expert allows concluding that it is necessary to develop scientifically grounded recommendations of applicable nature, and optimize normative instruments regulating the use of special forensic knowledge at the stage of checking a crime report.
 

Keywords: criminal proceedings, crime scene investigation, material traces, preliminary research, forensic expert, crime scene technician, crime report, special forensic knowledge, evidence, special knowledge

References:
Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18.12.2001 N 174-FZ (red. ot 08.12.2020) [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy Konsul'tantPlyus.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 07.02.2011 N 3-FZ (red. ot 06.02.2020) «O politsii» [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy Konsul'tantPlyus.
Ob utverzhdenii Nastavleniya po organizatsii ekspertno-kriminalisticheskoy deyatel'nosti v sisteme MVD Rossii: prikaz MVD RF ot 11 yanvarya 2009 g-¹7 (v red. prikaza MVD Rossii ot 28 noyabrya 2019 goda N 893) [Elektronnyy resurs]. Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy Konsul'tantPlyus.
Kriminalistika: ucheb. dlya ekspertov-kriminalistov / pod red. A. G. Filippova. M.: Yurlitinform, 2005. 483 s.
Sushchnost' i aktual'nye problemy stadii vozbuzhdeniya ugolovnogo dela: monografiya. 2-e izd., ispr. i dop. / otv. red. I. S. Dikarev. M., 2012.
Zaytseva E. A. Primenenie spetsial'nykh poznaniy v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve: ucheb. posobie. Volgograd: Volgogr. akad. MVD Rossii, 2005. 148 s.
Ishchenko P. P. Spetsialist v sled

Abstract: The research object is social relations connected with the legal regulation, organization and the tactics of identification. The authors consider the types of identification mentioned in the criminal procedure law, and those used during criminal investigation. Having compared their volume and contents, the authors note that the number of types of identification used in the work of law-enforcement bodies is larger than that of those formalized in the Criminal procedure Law of the Russian Federation. This situation doesn’t violate the law, since such types of identification as the identification of animals, territories, etc. are the components (subtypes) of the types of identification formalized in the law. The authors study the correlation between the organization and tactics of presenting for identification and attempt to systematize the investigator’s actions during the preparation and organization of various types of presenting for identification. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the formation of tactical techniques of presenting for identification through the lens of registration and correlation of subjects of the forensic tactics (the most rational ways of organizing an investigation  - the problem scope) and the organization of criminal investigation (the creation of a structure of the investigative activities, the conditions for its effective implementation, and the investigation management - the organizational and administrative scope). This approach helps to create a detailed list of tactical recommendations for the organization, preparation and realization of various types of presenting for identification with account for the specificity of the object of identification, and their classification in accordance with the stages of this investigation. 
 

Keywords: organizational preparations, tactical recommendations, Investigator, lineup interview, identifying person, tactical moves, identification tactics, investigation management, lineup, investigative activity

References:
Enikeev M.I., Obraztsov V.A., Eminov V.E. Sledstvennye deystviya: psikhologiya, taktika, tekhnologiya: uchebnoe posobie. M., 2007. S. 166.
Shumilin S.F. Polnomochiya sledovatelya: mekhanizm i problemy realizatsii. M., 2006. S. 327.
Kriminalistika: uchebnik / pod. red. A.A. Zakatova, B.P. Smagorinskogo. M., 2003. S. 171; Porubov N.I., Porubov A.N. Yuridicheskaya etika. Minsk, 2003. S. 210 i dr.
Kriminalistika / pod. red. V.A. Obraztsova. M., 2001. S. 581.
Rossinskaya E.R. Kriminalistika: voprosy i otvety: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov. M., 1999. S. 211; Tsvetkov P.P. Pred'yavlenie dlya opoznaniya v sovetskom ugolovnom protsesse. L., 1962. S. 22; Mikhaylova Yu.N. Informatsionnaya sushchnost' pred'yavleniya dlya opoznaniya i ego takticheskie osnovy: dis. …kand. yurid. nauk. Saratov, 2000. S. 57-59 i dr.
Dubyagin Yu.P. Problemy kriminalisticheskogo otozhdestvleniya cheloveka v obychnykh usloviyakh rassledovaniya i chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh: dis. …d-ra yurid. nauk. M., 2000. S. 322; Gaponovich N.N. Opoznanie v sledstvennoy i sudebnoy praktike (taktika).

Abstract: The article considers the problem of the improvement of methodology and information support for trace evidence analysis of the signs of production and technology mechanisms on mass-production items. The research subject is the patterns of formation of the signs of production and technology mechanisms on mass-production items. The research object is the expertise practice of analyzing mass-production items and the standardization of methodology, science, and information support for this form of activity. The purpose of the research is to study the problem aspects of organizing and performing a technological expertise and the formulation of ideas about the improvement of methodology, science and information support for trace evidence analysis of the signs of production and technology mechanisms. The scientific importance of the research is determined by the fact that the author generalizes and analyzes the practice of trace evidence analysis of the signs of production and technology mechanisms and defines the weak points of methodology, science and information support for this type of expertise. Based on this analysis, the author formulates proposals and recommendations for their solving. Along with the scientific significance, the research has practical orientation which consists in the set of measures aimed at the improvement of methodology guidance for performing a trace evidence analysis of the signs of production and technology mechanisms, optimisation of experts’ work, the prevention of expert errors during trace evidence analysis.

Keywords: mass production product, production and technological mechanism, methodological providing, trasological examination, standardization, Forensic examination, state standard, expert technique, certification, Information system

References:
Sokolova O.A. Ob unifikatsii metodik ekspertnogo issledovaniya trasologicheskikh ob'ektov / O. A. Sokolova // Aktual'nye voprosy sudebnykh ekspertiz: Sbornik statey. – M.: RGUP, 2017.-S. 115
Federal'nyy zakon ot 31 maya 2001 g. N 73-FZ [Elektronnyy resurs]:«O gosudarstvennoy sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (red. ot 08.03.2015 N 23-FZ). Dostup iz sprav.-pravovoy sistemy «Konsul'tantPlyus»
Skomorokhova A.G. Mekhanoskopicheskaya ekspertiza proizvodstvenno-tekhnologicheskikh sledov: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: MTs pri GUK MVD RF. 1996. – S. 8
Kudinova N.S., Skomorokhova A.G., Sukharev A.G. Ob'ekty trasologicheskoy ekspertizy proizvodstvenno-tekhnologicheskikh sledov // Rol' i znachenie deyatel'nosti R.S. Belkina v stanovlenii sovremennoy kriminalistiki. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (k 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya R.S. Belkina).-M.: Akademiya upravleniya MVD RF, 2002.-S. 338-341
Kruglyak S.A. Teoriya i praktika mekhanoskopicheskoy ekspertizy v raskrytii i rassledovanii prestupleniy. Diss. kand. yurid. na

Abstract: The research subject is the scientific, organizational and methodical regularities of judicial and examination activities during the research of finance-credit relations. Special attention is given to the key provisions of finance-credit examinations and the peculiarities of their commissioning. The author uses the categories and laws of dialectical and formal logic along with general scientific methods of scientific cognition (observation, description, comparison, systematization, formalization, etc.), and specific methods (comparative-analytical and system-structural). The author also uses the techniques of the interdisciplinary approach since the research requires knowledge in the field of procedural and substantive law, theory of court examination, economics and banking law, which determines the comprehensive nature of the research. From the viewpoint of modern scientific knowledge, the author attempts to analyze court examination as an independent class of judicial economic examinations which includes objects, subclasses, typical tasks and scientific and methodical recommendations for law enforcement officers about commissioning such examinations. The research addresses the main provisions of the subtheory of a judicial finance-credit examination which either haven’t been described sufficiently enough in the scientific works, or haven’t been systematised. The author’s recommendations are aimed at unification of the judicial practice of commissioning and assessment of the results of a judicial finance-credit examination. The formation of a comprehensive idea about this examination and its modern state is necessary for the implementation of its possibilities by an investigator, a court or an inquiry officer within criminal proceedings. The result of the research is the development of recommendations for law enforcement officers about the peculiarities of commissioning of a court tax analysis in governmental and nongovernmental criminal expertise institutions connected with the peculiarities of preparation of research objects and the specificity of issues subject to the consideration of a court expert; the author formulates the list of questions to an expert.

Keywords: forensic financial and economic investigation, financial and credit investigation, forensic investigation, banking accounting, financial and credit relations, economic crimes, the tactics of appointing investigation, typical tasks., questions, objects investigation

References:
Borodin I.A., Zhuchkova Yu.I. Issledovanie metodov provedeniya sudebnoy ekonomicheskoy ekspertizy po delam o nezakonnoy bankovskoy deyatel'nosti / sb. nauch.trudov : Upravlenie v usloviyakh global'nykh mirovykh transformatsiy : ekonomika, politika, pravo. 2019. s. 292-294.
Chinenov E.V., Shchukin V.I. Finansovo-kreditnye otnosheniya kak ob'ekt issledovanii pri raskrytii i rassledovanii ekonomicheskikh prestupleniy // Teoriya i praktika pravookhranitel'noy deyatel'nosti. – 2019. – ¹ 2 (35). – S. 47-52.
Gadzhiev N.G, Kiseleva O.V., Konovalenko S.A., Skripnina O.V. Sudebno-ekonomicheskaya ekspertiza moshennichestva v kreditno-finansovoy sfere // Vestnik Astrakhanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya : ekonomika.. – 2020. – ¹ 2. – S. 89-99.
Ashmarina E.M. Struktura ekonomicheskogo prava kak kriteriy klassifikatsii sudebnoy ekonomicheskoy ekspertizy // Gosudarstvo i pravo. – 2019. – ¹ 1. – S. 94-101.
Skripina O.V. Kiseleva O.V. Sudebnaya ekonomicheskaya ekspertiza v Rossii: istoricheskiy i sovremennyy aspekty // Mezhdunar

Abstract: The object of research is technical and forensic support for investigation of acts of arsons committed using fire accelerants such as benzine, diesel fuel, and other able-to-get highly inflammable and combustible liquids. The subject of research is the problem aspects of detection and identification of the traces of fire accelerants which change as a result of microbial decay of their components. The authors consider the impact of bacterial activity on the detection and identification of the traces of highly inflammable and combustible liquids after a fire in the soil and on the surfaces of construction materials with the help of gas chromatography. The article considers the ways to decrease the impact of microbial decay on the detection and identification of fire accelerants. The research methodology is based on general scientific and specific research methods, such as the dialectical method, analysis synthesis, generalization, the system-structural method, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis and solving of the problem of preservation of traces of fire accelerants with account for the modern state of technical and forensic support for investigation of arsons. It is established that selective decay of aromatic hydrocarbons and n-paraffins leads to the transformation of fractional composition of traces of fire accelerants and the complication of the analysis of the results of forensic examination. In order to improve technical and forensic support for investigation of arsons, the authors suggest adding triclosan-based anti-bacterial agents into standard cases used by investigators, inquiry officers and forensic specialists at the fire scene. It would prolong the period of preservation of traces of fire accelerants and increase the likelihood of their identification during the forensic investigation. 
 

Keywords: technical and forensic support, microbiological decomposition, soil, petroleum products, flammable liquids, fire accelerants, fire investigation, arson, gas chromatography, forensic examination

References:
Klaptyuk I. V., Cheshko I. D. Obnaruzhenie sledov svetlykh nefteproduktov na meste pozhara pri podzhogakh // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta GPS MChS Rossii. 2012. ¹ 3. S38-43.
Udilov T. V., Kuznetsov K. L., Turshatova E. V. Vliyanie stepeni vygoraniya zhidkostey dlya rozzhiga na rezul'taty gazovoy khromatografii // Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo instituta Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossii. 2013. ¹ 1 (64). S. 82-92.
Chechetina T.A., Goncharenko V.S. Obstanovka s pozharami v Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2018 godu // Pozharnaya bezopasnost'. 2019. ¹ 1. S.130-148.
Enders A. I. O roli informatsii v rassledovanii kriminal'nykh pozharov na pervonachal'nom etape // Yurist'-Pravoved'. 2015. ¹ 3 (70). S. 118-121.
Galishev M. A., Sharapov S. V., Kononov S. I. i dr. Diagnostika initsiatorov goreniya, ispol'zuyushchikhsya dlya podzhogov, na osnovanii issledovaniya letuchikh komponentov goryuchikh zhidkostey // Pozharovzryvobezopasnost'. 2005. ¹ 3. S. 64-71.
Ivakhnyuk S. G., Kazakova N. R. Novye instrumental'nye metodiki v rassledovanii prestupleniy, svya

Abstract: More than a hundred years has passed since fingerprints found on crime scenes started to be used for the identification of a criminal. Nowadays, fingerprints are of considerable interest for crime solution and investigation. While ridge patterns are formed during fetal life and don’t change during the life-time, lines and wrinkles are formed later, and change over time. Therefore, the author considers the possibility to use the parts of a person’s skin - lines and wrinkles - for identification. This problem hasn’t been described sufficiently enough in special literature, that’s why additional research will help improve the procedure of using skin wrinkles in practical activities during crime solution and investigation. The purpose of the research is to detect the patterns influencing the transformation of lines and wrinkles. The author uses the general scientific methods of cognition, especially observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. 
The research is aimed at the assessment of the possibility to use lines and wrinkles of a person’s skin for identification. Thus, the presence and the localization of wrinkles is an informative diagnostic criterion helping to acquire information about the gender, age, and profession of an unknown person. The author also believes that lines and wrinkles can be used for personal identification. 
 

Keywords: fingerprint examination, information, specific feat, general feat, folds wrinkles, papillary patterns, fingerprints, identification, forensic examination, inspection of the scene

References:
Federal'nyy zakon ot 31.05.2001 ¹ 73-FZ «O gosudarstvennoy sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» (v red. ot 26.07.2019 g.).
Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 08.12.2018 goda ¹ 1502 «O Pravitel'stvennoy komissii po koordinatsii sudebno-ekspertnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» // SPS «Konsul'tantPlyus».
Ponomarev V. V. Metodicheskie i organizatsionnye osnovy issledovaniya papillyarnykh uzorov pri ikh fragmentarnom otobrazhenii v sledakh M., MosU MVD Rossii. 2009 g. 181 s.
Samishchenko S.S. Sovremennaya daktiloskopiya: osnovy i tendentsii razvitiya: Kurs lektsiy M., Mosk. psikhologo-sots. in-t, 2004 g. 455 s.
Sokolova O. A. Daktiloskopicheskaya diagnostika: uchebno-metodicheskoe po¬sobie.-M.: Moskovskiy universitet MVD Rossii imeni V.Ya. Kikotya, 2.-132 s.
Maylis N.P. Identifikatsiya cheloveka i diagnostika ego svoystv, otobrazhayushchikhsya v sle¬dakh-M.: VNIISE Minyusta Rossii, 1993. S. 77.
Maylis N.P., Yarmak K.V., Bushuev V.V. Daktiloskopiya i daktiloskopicheskaya ekspertiza: uchebnik dlya st

Abstract: The research subject is the objective laws of reality studied within forensic graphology in general and criminalistic diagnostics of handwriting in particular. They include general and specific methodological regulations and peculiarities of studying handwriting. The research object is the current theoretical and methodological research in the field of criminalistic diagnostics of handwritten texts. The authors consider the evolution and the current state of criminalistic diagnostics of handwriting and the problems of forensic graphology in this field. The authors outline the budding directions of further development of diagnostic tasks. The research is based on the methods of dialectical and general scientific cognition and the historical and logical method. This approach allows considering the processes and phenomena of reality in their interconnection and helps to study the issue comprehensively. The article considers historical development and the current state of criminalistic diagnostics of handwriting. The authors focus on the analysis of approaches of the key scientists to studying handwriting for purposes of solving diagnostic tasks. The authors define the stages of development of the research in this field and the prevailing opinions, and formulate their own position. 
 

Keywords: writing research, unusual condition, crime, investigation, current state of handwriting, development of handwriting, handwriting, forensic diagnostics, forensic handwriting, forensic examination

References:
Kriminalistika dlya sudebnykh ekspertov: uchebnik. – Volgograd: VA MVD Rossii, 2014. – S. 36, 42, 209, 216, 241.
Burinskiy E. F. Sudebnaya ekspertiza dokumentov', proizvodstvo eya i pol'zovaniie eyu. – SPb: Trud', 1903. – S. 189.
Potapov S. M. Nauchnoe pocherkovedenie // Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo. –1940. – ¹ 12. – S. 80−88.
Boryagin G. I. O nauchnykh osnovakh sovetskoy graficheskoy ekspertizy // Sb. rabot po kriminalistike (graficheskie issledovaniya). – M.: NII MVD SSSR, 1957. – Vyp. 3. – S. 32–35.
Mantsvetova A. I., Orlova V. F., Slavutskaya I. A. Teoreticheskie (estestvennonauchnye) osnovy sudebnogo pocherkovedeniya / otv. red. A. R. Shlyakhova; 2-e izd. – M.: Nauka, 2006. – 443 s.
Kulagin P.G., Kolonutova A.I. Ekspertnaya metodika differentsiatsii rukopisey na muzhskie i zhenskie. M., 1971. – 60 s.
Neidentifikatsionnye issledovaniya v pocherkovedcheskoy ekspertize / L. E. Arotsker [i dr.]; otv. red.: L. E. Arotsker. – Kiev: RIO MVD USSR, 1972. – 96 c.
Kupriyanova A.A. Teoreticheskie osnovy i metodika sudebno-po

Abstract: The research object is expert experiment as a method of scientific research and practical cognition, its importance for the formation of the theory of methods of forensic analysis within the general forensics theory and authenticity of expert’s opinion. The article studies the problem of methodological support for expert experiment. The author gives attention to the practicability of the development of expert experiment techniques with account for its specific aims, and considers the stages of expert experiment, and formulates the conclusions about their number. The research methodology is based on materialist dialectics and tre related general methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, system-structural, statistical methods, generalization of expert practices, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the present research is considered as a complex research of experiment in judicial expert practice. The aim of the research is to develop theoretical fundamentals which would organize knowledge about this method, and practical recommendations for raising the effectiveness of using its results in the activities of law-enforcement bodies. 
 

Keywords: the task of the expert experiment, the special goal of the experiment, the main goal of the experiment, organizational and management stage, stages of the expert experiment, methodology of expert experiment, expert practice, expert experiment, the results of the experiment, the content of the stages of the experiment

References:
Aver'yanova T.V. Metody sudebno-ekspertnykh issledovaniy i tendentsii ikh razvitiya: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – Moskva: Akademiya upravleniya MVD RF, 1994 – 445 s.
Aver'yanova T.V. Sudebnaya ekspertiza. Kurs obshchey teorii / Monografiya. M.: Yur.Norma, NITs INFRA-M, 2015. – 480 s.
Aver'yanova T.V., Belkin R.S., Korukhov Yu.G., Rossinskaya E.R. Kriminalistika: Uchebnik dlya vuzov. Pod red. Zasluzhennogo deyatelya nauki Rossiyskoy Federatsii, professora R. S. Belkina.-M.: Izdatel'stvo NORMA (Izdatel'skaya gruppa NORMA-INFRA M), 2000. – 990 s.
Belkin R.S. Kurs kriminalistiki: [Elektronnyy resurs]. 2001. URL: http://be5.biz/pravo/k023/10.html. (Data obrashcheniya: 22.02.2019).
Berzin V.F. Eksperiment pri provedenii kriminalisticheskikh ekspertiz / Avtoref. diss. … kan. yur.nauk. – Kiev: Kievskiy gos. un-t im. T. G. Shevchenko Kiev, 1964. – 15 s.
Informatsionno-pravovoy portal «Garant.ru»: [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12123142/53925f69af584b25346d0c0b3ee74ea1/ (Data obrashcheniya: 21.06.2019).
Krestovnikov O.A. Eks

Abstract: The article studies the role of economic expertise for the investigation of fraud connected with wilful default of contractual commitments in the field of entrepreneurship. The author states the subjects and the objects of economic expertise and the conditions upon which it is commissioned. Besides, the author analyzes and defines the problems emerging at the stage of commissioning economic expertise and the peculiarities of interaction between an investigator and an expert directly in the process of inspecting and when the investigator assesses the expert’s opinion. The author enumerates the requirements to the economic expertise. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods including the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, generalization, and specific methods, such as system-structural and comparative-legal. The article contains the key peculiarities of interaction between the initiator of the expertise and the expert at the pre-expert stage of assessing the materials of the criminal case. The author analyzes the peculiarities of commissioning and performing judicial accounting expertise and financial and analytical expertise during the investigation of criminal cases on fraud of the above mentioned type. The author concludes about the significance of these types of expertise for investigating criminal cases on fraud connected with wilful default of contractual commitments in the field of entrepreneurship. 
 

Keywords: expert, specialist, financial and operational activities, objects of expertise, special knowledge, financial and analytical expertise, fraud, forensic accounting expertise, audit, economical expertise

References:
Zyryanova T.V., Polukhina A.L. Bukhgalterskaya ekspertiza kak vid ekonomicheskikh ekspertiz // Mezhdunarodnyy bukhgalterskiy uchet. 2011. ¹ 48 (198). S. 25-33.
Zaleskina A.N. Nekotorye osobennosti dosledstvennoy proverki po faktu moshennichestva, sopryazhennogo s prednamerennym neispolneniem dogovornykh obyazatel'stv v sfere predprinimatel'skoy deyatel'nosti // Kriminalistika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. 2017. ¹ 4 (4). S. 13-20.
Gelyus T.F., Kuznetsov A.V. Nekotorye problemy rassledovaniya prestupleniy, sovershaemykh v sfere zhilishchno-kommunal'nogo khozyaystva (na primere sledstvenno-sudebnoy praktiki UMVD Rossii po Khabarovskomu krayu) // Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo instituta Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossii. 2018. ¹ 3 (86). S. 161-167
Vardanyan A.V., Mirzoyan S.S. Obshchie polozheniya sudebnoy stroitel'no-tekhnicheskoy ekspertizy v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve. Filosofiya prava. 2014. ¹ 4 (65). S. 44-47.
Vardanyan A.V., Gribunov O.P. Sudebnye Ekspertizy, naznachaemye pri rassledovanii khishcheniy na ob'ektakh transporta // Sbornik: Teoriya i

Abstract: The article considers the possibility of using special knowledge and modern technical means when examining and studying short-blade cold arms. Special attention is given to “tactical knives” which are widely spread in Russia. The author studies the most common questions occurring at conducting a forensic expertise of cold arms and throwing weapons. The article describes the main directions of forensic expertise of cold arms. The author studies the range of problematic issues connected with expertise and offers ways to solve them. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition and the derived general scientific and specific research methods. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that, despite the lack of a term “tactical knife” in the current legislation, the author studies this concept and justifies his own definition of a “tactical knife”. Besides, the work illustrates the most typical structural and dimensional features of various kinds and types of knives.
 

Keywords: structure, technical parameters, examination, tactical knives, cold steel weapons, knives, blade, handle, lock, sheath

References:
Sovremennye boevye nozhi : Ditmar Pol'. [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http:// www.book-online.com.(data obrashcheniya 12.12.2018).
V.N. Shunkov. Okhotnich'i nozhi mira. – M.: «Izdatel'skiy dom Ruchen'kinykh», 2010., OOO «DAIRS», 2010. – 320 s., il.
V.N. Shunkov. Okhotnich'i i turistskie nozhi. – Minsk: Sovremennaya shkola, 2011. – 384s., il.
Tikhanychev O.V. Pole russkoy slavy // Gumanitarnye nauchnye issledovaniya-2016.-¹1. [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://human.snauka.ru/2016/01/13754 (data obrashcheniya 29.12.2018).
E.N. Tikhonov. «Kriminalisticheskaya ekspertiza kholodnogo oruzhiya», Barnaul, 1987g. (Tol'ko v chasti spravochnogo materiala po vidam i tipam kholodnogo oruzhiya).
«Kholodnoe oruzhie i bytovye nozhi», pod obshchey redaktsiey Ustinova A.I., izd. VNII MVD SSSR, M. 1978g. (Tol'ko v chasti spravochnogo materiala po vidam i tipam kholodnogo oruzhiya).
D.O. Sillov. Boevye nozhi. – SPb.: «Leningradskoe izdatel'stvo», 2010. – 336s., il.
GOST R 52737-2007 «Tesaki okhotnich'i, machete turisticheskie, razdelochnye i instrumenty dl

Abstract: The article studies the modern theoretical views on the circumstances of racket crimes. The author uses such research methods as generalization, analysis and synthesis. The data about the circumstances of a racket case, which is a core of forensic characteristic, is described by the author in its relation with other elements. To solve the research tasks, the author analyzes the main theoretical views of forensic specialists on the very content of the circumstances of a crime in general, and racket in particular. The author detects the key elements of the circumstances of crimes of this category, including their interrelation with temporal and spatial parameters. The study reflects the significance and the tasks which can be solved upon establishing temporal parameters of a racket case. Based on the research and analysis, the author concludes that it is necessary to consider the circumstances of a racket case as a consistent holistic element of forensic characteristic of crimes on the two mentioned levels.
 

Keywords: accomplices, forecasting, time parameters, spatial parameters, organized extortions, a crime, committing, furnishings, extortion, forensic characteristic

References:
Isayeva K.A., Seylkhanova S.A., Shimeyeva Zh.Sh., Oskenbay G. The main factors causing the need for international cooperation to combat criminal phenomena in the CIS countries // V sbornike: Humanities and Social Sciences in Europe: Achievements and Perspectives. 8th International symposium. 2015. s. 126-135.
Smoilov S.Zh. Organizovannoe vymogatel'stvo: kriminalisticheskie aspekty: avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk: 12.00.09-Bishkek, 2016.-30 s.
Isaeva K.A., Markabaev K.A. Sushchnost' i ponyatie kriminalisticheskoy kharakteristiki otdel'nogo vida prestupleniy // Izvestiya VUZov Kyrgyzstana. 2011. ¹ 10. S. 30-33// https: elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_27471680_77669961.pdf
Kriminalistika/ Pod red. N. P. Yablokova. 3-e izd., pererab. i dop.-M.: Yurist', 2005. — 781 s.
Organizovannaya prestupnost' – 4. / Pod red. professora Dolgovoy A.I. – M.: Kriminologicheskaya Assotsiatsiya, 1998. – 280 s.
Obraztsov V.A. Kriminalisticheskaya klassifikatsiya prestupleniy-Krasnoyarsk: Izd-vo Krasnoyar. un-ta, 1988.-176 c.
Roganov S.A.

Abstract: The article studies the tactical peculiarities of acquiring and using the information about the connections between subscribers, the possibilities to use it in terms of the investigative situation, the version of a crime mechanism and the criminal’s behavioral pattern. The author analyzes typical investigative situations, develops the algorithms of acquiring the information about the connections of subscribers, describes the necessary investigative activities, considers the common tasks which should be solved to acquire significant data inextricably connected with the circumstances of a crime. The author notes that tactical methods of analysis of the information about the subscribers’ connections are not comprehensive; their generation depends on the level of development of professional and analytical thinking of the investigator. The author uses general scientific and specific research methods including analysis and synthesis, deductive, inductive and systems methods, normative-logical method and other methods of cognition. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the analysis of interconnections between typical investigative situations, possible tasks and the tactics of investigative activities. The interaction between the investigator and the informed person on all stages of acquisition and analysis of the information about the connections between subscribers in most investigative activities helps achieve positive results which can be effectively used for crimes investigating.

Keywords: expert, specialist, forensic examination, seizure of information, survey of terrain, communications, geolocation, connection of abonents, tactics of investigative actions, investigative situation

References:
Agafonov V.V., Vazyulin S.A., Vasyukov V.F. Osobennosti formirovaniya dokazatel'stv s ispol'zovaniem informatsii o soedineniyakh mezhdu abonentami i (ili) abonentskimi ustroystvami: kriminalisticheskie i protsessual'nye aspekty: monografiya. – M.: Yurlitinform. 2015. 184 c.
Aleksandrov I.V., Bakhteev D.V., Vekhov V.B. [i dr.]. Elektronnye nositeli informatsii v kriminalistike. Monografiya / Pod redaktsiey O.S. Kuchina. – M.: Izdatel'stvo Yurlitinform. Ser. Biblioteka kriminalista. 2017. 304 s.
Vardanyan A.V., Tsykora A.A. Pravovaya priroda i taktiko-kriminalisticheskie osobennosti proizvodstva sledstvennykh deystviy, svyazannykh s polucheniem i analizom informatsii o telekommunikatsionnykh soedineniyakh mezhdu abonentami i (ili) abonentskimi ustroystvami // Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki. 2013. ¹ 4–2. S. 21 – 26.
Vekhov V. B. Osnovy kriminalisticheskogo ucheniya ob issledovanii i ispol'zovanii komp'yuternoy informatsii i sredstv ee obrabotki: monografiya. Volgograd, 2008.
Volynskaya

Abstract: The subject of this research includes: 1) description and explanation of regular behavioral patterns used by criminals who committed an offence against the political system of the Russian Fedceration as well as reasons of such criminal behavior in order to develop scientifically grounded crime prevention recommendations; 2) analysis of suh important features of individuals who committed an offence against the political system of the Russian Federation as the age, gender, ethnic or national attribution of a criminal, etc.; 3) analysis of statistical data of extermism and terrorism supporters who have already been brought to court. The main research method used by the author is the law comparative method to analyze personality of a criminal who committed an offence against the political system of the Russian Federation, and general research methods such as analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that for the first tie in the academic literature the author provides a criminalistic description of the personality of a criminal who committed an offence against the political system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are the following: criminalistic analysis of personality traits of a criminal who committed an offence against the political system of the Russian Federation allows to describe such a criminal as a young man without a steady source of income or rich life experience, whose sense of patriotism is either dulled or absent. Such individual has superficial, unsteady or accidental political motives that are formed, as a rule, by a set of circumstances of socio-economic and political nature. 

Keywords: liability to prosecution, violence, extremism, conflict, politics, description of the criminal, political system, criminal personality, forensics, crime

References:
Luneev, V.V. Politicheskaya prestupnost' / V.V. Luneev // Kriminologiya : uchebnik / pod red. V.N. Kudryavtseva, V.E. Eminova. – 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M., 2004. – S. 323-324
Sysoev, A.M. Ekstremizm i lichnost' osuzhdennogo za prestupleniya ekstremistskoy napravlennosti / A.M. Sysoev // Prestupnost', kriminologiya, kriminologicheskaya zashchita / pod red. prof. A.I. Dolgovoy. – M. : Rossiyskaya kriminologicheskaya assotsiatsiya, 2007. – S. 161-163.
Perechen' organizatsiy i fizicheskikh lits, v otnoshenii kotorykh imeyutsya svedeniya ob ikh prichastnosti k ekstremistskoy deyatel'nosti ili terrorizmu // Rossiyskaya gazeta. – 2011. – 23 sentyabrya.
Kabanov, P.A. Kriminal'naya politicheskaya antropologiya kak chastnaya politiko-kriminologicheskaya teoriya : lektsiya / P.A. Kabanov. – Nizhnekamsk, 2006. – S. 43.
Monti, D.J. The Relation between Terrorism and Domestic Civil Disorders / D.J. Monti // Terrorism. – 1980. – ¹ 4 (1-4). – P. 123-141.
Perechen' organizatsiy i fizicheskikh lits, v otnoshenii kotorykh imeyutsya svedeniya ob ikh prichastnosti k eks

Abstract: The subject of the research is the traces of crime left on the scene of the event as well as the condition of modern criminalistic technical means used by Internal Affairs Expert Subdivisions. In addition, the object of the research also involves processes of traces being created as well as particularities of their detection, fixation and extraction. The authors pay special attention to working with biological traces including blood found on the crime scene. The authors describe safety measures to be followed when detecting, extracting and packing weapon or ammunition. In the course of their research the authors have used a set of general and private research methods including standard logical method, systems analysis, synthesis, analysis, deduction, induction and other research methods. According to the authors, one of the most important today's goals of forensics should be improvement of examination tactics and criminalistic technical means that are already being used as well as testing and implementation of new findings in this sphere. Examination is not only the most famous and necessary investigator's action but also complex procedure. 

Keywords: technical means, traces, forensics, technical support, forensics analyst, investigator, crime scene investigation, experience of foreign states, tactics, examination

References:
Kriminalistika [Tekst] : ucheb. dlya vuzov / pod red. I.F. Gerasimova, L.Ya. Drapkina. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 2000. – 672 s.
Chernitsyn L.A. Sovremennye metody i sredstva vyyavleniya, iz'yatiya i issledovaniya sledov ruk [ Tekst] : uchebnoe posobie / L.A. Chernitsyn i dr. – M.: EKTs MVD Rossii, 2010. – 176 s.
Osmotr mesta proisshestviya [ Tekst] : prakticheskoe posobie / pod red. V.M. Logvina. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2011. – 376 s.
Byuro nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii, tekhnika dlya spetsial'nykh sluzhb, konstruktivnye osobennosti spetsial'noy kriminalisticheskoy tekhniki, zakaz, prodazha [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http://www.bnti.ru/des.asp (data obrashcheniya 02.02.2015).
Krimmedtekh [Elektronnyy resurs] // URL: http:// www. kmtkazan. Ru (data obrashcheniya 02.02.2015).
Sovremennye sredstva vyyavlenie sledov ruk [Elektronnyy resurs] //URL: http://www. krim-market.ru/downloads/sirchiepdf.pdf (data obrashcheniya 02.02.2015).

Abstract: The author of the present article analyzes essential features of the concept "economic crimes committed with use of the computer equipment and the modern information technologies". For this purpose the author studies current approaches to the definition of "economic crimes", and specifics of making crimes with use of the computer equipment and modern information technologies in the sphere of economic relations (production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services as well as products of labor). The author states that the purpose of using these technologies is to facilitate commission of crime and conceal traces of crime, thereby complicating activities for detection and disclosure of the specified category of crimes. The methodology of the research invovles general research methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, and specific research methods, in particular, system-structural and statistical analysis. The main conclusion of the article is the author's definition of "economic crimes committed with use of the computer equipment and the modern information technologies" as socially dangerous acts committed in the sphere of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services as well as products of labor by using a set of methods of storage, transmission, processing or destruction of computer information and hardware and software systems for the purpose of facilitation of commission of crime and concealment of its traces.

Keywords: ways of commission of crime, identification of crimes, traces of crime, computer information, information technologies, computer equipment, economic crimes, formation of traces, essential elements of offense, criminalistic significant information

References:
Lopashenko N. A. Zakonodatel'naya reforma moshennichestva: vynuzhdennye voprosy i vynuzhdennye otvety // Kriminologicheskiy zhurnal Baykal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i prava. 2015. T. 9. ¹ 3. S. 504-513.
Sharov V. I. Internet kak istochnik operativno-razysknoy i protsessual'noy informatsii // Yuridicheskaya nauka i praktika: Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy akademii MVD Rossii. 2016. ¹ 3 (35). S. 111-114.
Krasnikov A. F. Tenevaya ekonomika i ekonomicheskaya prestupnost': elektronnyy uchebnik. Omsk, 2000. URL: http://newasp.omskreg.ru/bekryash/index. htm (data obrashcheniya: 16.05.2017).
Sharov V. I., Suvorova E. A. Ponyatie metoda rassledovaniya // Yuridicheskaya nauka i praktika: Vestnik Nizhegorodskoy akademii MVD Rossii. 2012. ¹ 17. S. 270-275.
Engel'gardt A. A. Voprosy kvalifikatsii moshennichestva v sfere komp'yuternoy informatsii // Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki. 2016. ¹ 4. S. 86-95.
Federal'nyy zakon ot 27 iyulya 2006 g. ¹ 149-FZ «Ob informatsii, informatsionnykh tekhnologiyakh i o zashchite informatsii» // Dostup iz S

Abstract: In the detection and investigation of non-obvious crimes, criminologists are short of information about the identity of the perpetrators. The olfactory traces at the scene investigative personal data about participants of the event more than any other the next person.The article highlights the history of the national forensic odorologii, one of which is the formation of the participants co-author K.T.Sulimov was from 1966 to 1998., Discusses the arguments and perspectives in the gene pool of hybrids (bastards) Laika reindeer herding and European jackal.The name of the method gave Yuriy Lekanov, served as the chief forensic department of the Russian Federation Prosecutor's Office, the investigative method to introduce the practice.Article provides reliable evidence-based methods of preparation and use of dog odor detectors to identify the individual on the olfactory trail.

Keywords: training dogs, detector dog, European jackal, laika reindeer herding, shack-canids bastards, cynology, olfactory marks, criminalistics, diagnostic features odors, research strategy

References:
Sulimov K.T. Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniya obonyatel'nogo analizatora sobaki v differentsiatsii individual'nykh zapakhov zhivotnykh // Trudy VNII MVD SSSR. Vyp. 39. M., 1976. S. 106-110.
Sulimov K.T. Podgotovka i primenenie sobak dlya poiska nekotorykh narkoticheskikh veshchestv. M.: VNII MVD SSSR, 1971. 44 s.
Sulimov K.T. Obnaruzhenie nekotorykh narkoticheskikh veshchestv s pomoshch'yu sluzhebno-rozysknykh sobak. Materialy V Mezhdunarodnogo kriminalisticheskogo simpoziuma. Kn. 1. M., 1968. S. 57-63.
Sulimov K.T., Bataeva E.P., Kovaleva S.V., Kudryavitskaya E.I., Moiseeva T.F., Zinkevich E.P. Razrabotka metodiki ustanovleniya davnosti obrazovaniya sledov individual'nogo zapakha // Problemy predvaritel'nogo sledstviya i doznaniya. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov GU VNII MVD RF. M., 2000. S. 112-118.
Sulimov K.T., Starovoytov V.I., Moiseeva T.F., Poletaeva I.I., Zinkevich E.P. Obonyatel'noe razlichenie sobakami smesey trekh vysshikh zhirnykh kislot po ikh kolichestvennomu sostavu // Sensornye sistemy. T. 9. ¹ 2-3. M., 1995. S. 43-49.
Derda V. Isp

Abstract: The object of study is the functional side, the system of actions and relationships that form the mechanism of crimes in the sphere of cadastral activity. The subject of the research is to study the processes of finding, collecting and using forensically relevant information for disclosure and investigation of crimes in the sphere of cadastral activity. The authors analyzed and classified the typical investigative situations that arise in the investigation of crimes of the specified kind, developed tactical recommendations for the detection and collection of forensically relevant information, fleshed out the contents of the special knowledge required for collecting and research evidence.The study used specially scientific and special methods, which are inseparably connected with each other and are used in scientific and practical forensic knowledge in the dialectical unity of the relationship.The relevance of the research topic is determined by the specificity of the issues in the field of cadastral activities, as a consequence, a weak competence on the issue of law enforcement, which gives rise to the last difficulty in the investigation of crimes of this type. The establishment of a comprehensive (synthetic) private criminalistic methods of crime investigation in the sphere of cadastral activities, providing integrated patterns of criminal activity on the stage precriminal, criminal and post-criminal situation in accordance with the criminalistic doctrine about the mechanism of the crime, will serve as a research springboard for the formation of a theoretically verified and are in demand of recommendations to improve the efficiency of the investigation of these acts.

Keywords: situation of the investigation, investigation technique, forensic characterization, cadastral engineer, cadastral activity, criminal responsibility, crime, forensic version, mechanism of formation of traces, prevention of crimes

References:
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13.06.1996 g. ¹ 63-FZ (red. ot 07.02.2017 g.) / Konsul'tant plyus.
Larichev V.D. Metodika kriminalisticheskoy kharakteristiki ekonomicheskikh prestupleniy // Obshchestvo i pravo. 2012. ¹ 5 (42). S. 181-183.
Larichev V.D. Voprosy formirovaniya chastnykh kriminalisticheskikh i operativno-rozysknykh metodik // Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. 2015. ¹ 2. S. 128.
Kruglikova V. Teoreticheskie voprosy postroeniya chastnoy polnostrukturnoy kriminalisticheskoy metodiki rassledovaniya moshennichestv, sovershaemykh v sfere potrebitel'skogo kreditovaniya // Izvestiya Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011. ¹ 1. S. 111.
Kazanchev I.T., Dvortsov V.E., Problemy otgranicheniya vneseniya kadastrovym inzhenerom zavedomo lozhnykh svedeniy ili podlog dokumentov ot smezhnykh sostavov prestupleniy. // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2017. ¹ 3. S. 32-37.
Dvortsov V.E. Administrativnaya otvetstvennost' kadastrovogo inzhenera: sootnoshenie zakonodatel'stva i sudebnoy praktiki // Administrativn

Abstract: The article discusses some aspects of the use of special forensic techniques designed to extract information from mobile devices. Moreover, the author of the article identifies the problems of procedural implementation of evidence in criminal proceedings obtained by law enforcement agencies using forensic techniques allowing to obtain information not only about about the connections between subscribers but also the files and data stored in the memory cell phones. The author also notes the need for the use of hardware and software systems such as "Segment C" and "UFED" by law enforcement authorities in order to improve the efficiency of their investigation of criminal cases. The author has used general and special research methods inculding legal logical method, systems analysis, synthesis, analysis, deduction, induction and others. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that in today's society which can be considered the information-based society, analysis and processing of information regarding the connections between subscribers and (or) subscriber units is one of the promising trends in technical and forensic security criminal investigation as it requires the use of and the development of the latest special forensic techniques.

Keywords: data analysis, software package, forensic equipment, connections between subscribers, information, subscriber device, mobile, billing, subscribe, investigative authorities

References:
Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii. (deystvuyushchaya redaktsiya). [Elektronnyy resurs]. − URL: http:/www.consultant.ru (data obrashcheniya 2.04.2016 g.).
IMEI-International Mobile Equipment Identifier (mezhdunarodnyy identifikator mobil'nogo oborudovaniya). // Prikaz Ministerstva informatsionnykh tekhnologiy i svyazi RF ot 19 fevralya 2008 g. ¹ 21 «Ob utverzhdenii Pravil primeneniya abonentskikh stantsiy (abonentskikh radiostantsiy) setey podvizhnoy radiotelefonnoy svyazi standarta GSM-900/1800».
Strel'tsov I. A. Tekhniko-kriminalisticheskoe obespechenie predvaritel'nogo sledstviya kak funktsiya Glavnogo upravleniya kriminalistiki Sledstvennogo komiteta Rossiyskoy Federatsii // Rossiyskiy sledovatel'. 2014. ¹ 20. S. 15 – 18.
Obzor primeneniya kriminalisticheskoy tekhniki Glavnogo upravleniya Sledstvennogo komiteta Respubliki Krym. [Elektronnyy resurs]. − URL: http://crim.sledcom.ru/Kabinet_kriminalistiki. (data obrashcheniya 5.04.2016 g.)
O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federats

Abstract: Object of research are regularities of tactics of carrying out inspection of the scene, application of the known technical and criminalistic means and methods, and also approbations and introductions of new foreign scientific developments in this area. Object of research are the public relations arising when carrying out investigative action - inspection of the scene. Authors in detail consider aspects of inspection of the scene as the preliminary investigation of criminal cases of investigative action, most widespread and necessary in all cases. The special attention is paid to experience of police of foreign countries. In work the complex general scientific and the chastnonauchnykh of methods of knowledge which include such methods as a standard and logical method, a system method, synthesis, the analysis, deduction, induction and other methods of research activity is used. Improvement of tactics of carrying out inspection of the scene, application of already known technical and criminalistic means, and also approbations and introductions of new scientific developments in this area is one of the main tasks of criminalistics today. Survey is not only the most widespread and necessary investigative action at investigation of all categories of crimes, but also rather difficult and volume procedural action.

Keywords: technical support, expert criminalist, investigator, view of place of occurence, foreign experience, tactics, inspection, view, criminalistics, footprints, technical means

References:
Kriminalistika : ucheb. dlya vuzov / pod red. I.F. Gerasimova, L.Ya. Drapkina. – M.: Vyssh. shk., 2000. – 672 s
L. I. Borodkin, M. V. Rumyantsev, M. A. Lapteva Vserossiyskiy nauchno-metodicheskiy
seminar «Virtual'naya rekonstruktsiya
istoriko-kul'turnogo naslediya
v formatakh nauchnogo issledovaniya
i obrazovatel'nogo protsessa» // Istoricheskiy zhurnal: nauchnye issledovaniya. - 2011. - 3. - C. 73 - 76.
Khamidullin R.S. Dosudebnoe soglashenie o sotrudnichestve kak taktiko-kriminalisticheskiy element bor'by s organizovannoy prestupnost'yu // Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov. - 2014. - 3. - C. 250 - 255. DOI: 10.7256/2310-8681.2014.4.15610.

Abstract: In his research Komarov has focused on the problem of extraction of empirical information (data) from existing sources for the purpose of conducting a full criminological research. The researcher has analyzed both official sources and their data regarding the level of corruption in the sphere of education as well as corruption issues determined by the doctrine of criminal law and criminology. Komarov has also analyzed the quality of criminological research sources on the matters of corruption in the sphere of education. The author performs a critical evaluation of activities conducted by state authorities and nongovernmental agencies as well as particular scientists in order to assess the level of corruption in the sphere of education. Thus, the research methodology has predetermined the need to create a classification of the sources of criminologically important information about the level of corruption depending on the degree of their accuracy and completeness. The main conclusion of the research is that the majority of existing sources on corruption and corruption offences in Russia are actually 'hidden' from members of the general public, which obviously influences the course and results of criminological researches. Thus, the declared principle of 'transparency' is, in fact, not fulfilled in the sphere of anticorruption efforts in our country. 

Keywords: criminology, corruption, method, education, Scientific research, civil society organizations, civil society, empirical data, a warning, crime statistics

References:
Zhdanov A. Prezidentu predlozhat reformu po bor'be s korruptsiey // gazeta Izvestiya [ofits. sayt]. – URL: http://izvestia.ru/news/585048 (data obrashcheniya: 15.12.2015).
Shul'ga V. I. Korruptsiya v statistike sovremennoy Rossii // Territoriya novykh vozmozhnostey . – 2015. – ¹1 (28). – S.28-33.
Svedeniya o rezul'tatakh provodimoy Ministerstvom obrazovaniya i nauki antikorruptsionnoy ekspertizy (AKE) normativno-pravovykh aktov (NPA) [ofits. sayt]. – URL: http://minobrnauki.rf/ministerstvo/308/fayl/4781/NT-22_17.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 10.12.2015).
Indeks vospriyatiya korruptsii-2014: otsenka Rossii upala na odin ball / ANO "Tsentr Transperensi Interneshenl-R" [ofits. sayt]. – URL: http://www.transparency.org.ru/indeks-vospriiatiia-korruptcii/indeks-vospriiatiia-korruptcii-2014-otcenka-rossii-upala-na-odin-ball (data obrashcheniya: 15.12.2015).
Wallerstein J., Wyle C. Our Law-abiding law-breakers // Probation. – 1947. – ¹ 25. – P. 107-112.
Frank L.V Poterpevshie ot prestupleniya i problemy sovetskoy viktimologii: avtoref. dis. ...

Abstract: The workers of public health system in general and the doctors in particular, are among the most vulnerable and juridically unprotected categories of employees from the viewpoint of criminal law application [1].
The actions and the measure of punishment for doctors are set in the article 124 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation (“Failure to render aid to a sick person”).
The today version of this article reads: 1. “Failure to render aid to a sick person without valid reasons, by a person who is duty-bound to render it in keeping with the law or with special rules, if this has entailed by negligence the infliction of injury of average gravity to the health of the sick person, shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 50 to 100 minimum wages, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of one month, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of two to four months.
2. The same act, if it has involved, through negligence, the death of the sick person or the infliction of grave injury to his health, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years, with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or with the permanent deprivation of such right”.

Keywords: criminal responsibility, medical staff, delinquency, forensic medical examinations, public health management services , investigator's activity analysis, medical documentation, institution of proceedings , forensic medical experts, time for investigation

References:
Riffel' A.V. – Izbrannye voprosy meditsinskogo prava. – Akademiya Estestvoznaniya, 2008. – 72 s.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii: tekst s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami na 7 iyulya 2013g. – Moskva: AST – (Noveyshee zakonodatel'stvo), 2013. – 256 s.
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy). Otv. red. Lebedev V.M. – 13-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Yurayt, 2013.
Kolokolov G.R., Makhon'ko. N.I. – Meditsinskoe pravo. – Uchebnoe posobie. – M: Dashkov i K, 2009.
Leybovich Ya.L. Printsipial'nyy vopros. (Iz materialov glavnogo sudebno-meditsinskogo eksperta) // Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. – 1925. – ¹1. – S.114-115.
Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. – 1922. – ¹15. – St. 153.
Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. – 1926. – ¹80. – St. 600.
Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR. Ofitsial'nyy tekst s izmeneniyami na 1 marta 1957g. i s prilozheniem postateyno-sistematizirovannykh materialov. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1957. – 235 s.
Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR, Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks RSFSR, Ispravitel'no-trudovoy kodeks RSF

Abstract: According to the information provided by the World Health Association about 20 000 000 people die of diseases of blood circulatory system, and half of these deaths are caused by the various forms of ishemic heart disease.  In Russia the cases of ishemic heart disease cause most of the sudden deaths, studied by the medicolegists. While various forms of chronic ishemic heart disease cause no difficulties in their morphologial diagnosis, the medic doing a post-mortem may incounter difficulties with establishing the diagnosis, when dealing with the acute forms of ishemic heart disease, especially acute coronary insufficency, or ishemic stage of miocardal infarction.  Due to the above-mentioned reasons the authors analyzed the data on general death rate structure and death rate due to various forms of ishemic heart disease for hte period of 2000 to 2012 according to the data of the thanatologic department of the Novosibirsc Regional Bureau for Judicial Medical Expertise.  According to the data received by the authors, the structure of judicial medical autopsies has undergone some changes in the last 12 years, which is due to a larger number of non-violent deaths. At the same time the general number of autopsies was insufficiently larger. For example, in 2000 the general number of judicial medical autopsies in Novosibirsk was 6072 cases, and in 2012 - 6391 cases.

Keywords: ishemic heart disease, sudden death, miocardal infarction, judicial medical autopsy, cases of non-violent death, blood circulatory system pathology, use of periodic acid Schiff reaction, judicial medical diagnostics, microscopic study of a heart, morphological diagnosis

References:
Mazur N.A. Ocherki klinicheskoy kardiologii. – Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo.-M., 1999.
Bokeriya L.A. Revishvili A .Sh., Neminushchiy N.M. Vnezapnaya serdechnaya smert'. – GEOTPR-Media.-2011.
Toropov A.V. Funktsional'naya diagnostika kardiorespiratornykh i gemodinamicheskikh narusheniy pri ostrom koronarnom sindrome. – diss. kand. med.nauk. – Omsk. – 2009.
Vnezapnaya serdechnaya smert' /pod red. A.M. Vikherta i B.Launa/. – M., 1980.
Savchenko S.V. Aktual'nye voprosy ekspertnoy otsenki morfologii serdtsa. – Vestnik sudebnoy meditsiny. – T.1.-2012, ¹3 – s. 5-8.
Kakturskiy L.V. Vnezapnaya serdechnaya smert' (klinicheskaya morfologiya). – M., 2000.
Kakturskiy L.V. Klinicheskaya morfologiya ostrogo koronarnogo sindroma. \ Arkh. pat., 2007, ¹4, s. 16-19.
Aufderheide T.P. Arrhythmias associated with acute myocardial infarctionand thrombolysis \ Emere Med. Clin. North. Am., 1998, Vol. 16, ¹ 3, p. 583-600.

Abstract: The problem of legal responsibility of medical personnel for the professional offences is one of the most complicated challenges which medical practice has set for the law.  It is well known since long ago that investigation on such cases often concerns untypical situations, which makes the investigation process much lengthier. Moreover, in late years in several criminal cases the situations arose, when the length of the investigation process was close to the termination of the period of limitation. Is that tendency on medical crimes caused by the undue performance of professional obligations?  Searching for an answer we have analyzed on an article-by-article basis the qualification of medical offences and termination of limitation periods for criminal liability under the latest changes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is obvious, that amendments in Art. 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (categories of crimes), as provided for in the Federal Law N. 420-FZ of December 7, 2011 considerably narrowed the time period for criminal responsibility.

Keywords: criminal responsibility, medical personnel, offences, judicial medical experts, healthcare management bodies, analysis of investigator activities, medical documents, initiating a criminal case, judicial medical experts, period for investigation

References:
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 13 iyunya 1996 g., ¹63-FZ (red. ot 23.07.2013g.).
Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18.12.2001g. ¹ 174-FZ (red. ot 23.07.2013g.).
Federal'nyy zakon «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii i otdel'nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 07.12.2011g., ¹420-FZ.
Erofeev S.V. Monitoring sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertiz v sluchayakh neblagopriyatnogo iskhoda meditsinskoy pomoshchi.// Meditsinskoe pravo 2003;2:20-22.
Erofeev S.V., Sergeev Yu.D. Problema nenadlezhashchego okazaniya meditsinskoy pomoshchi: metodika izucheniya i aktual'nost'. // Meditsinskoe pravo 2003;1:4-7.
Erofeev S.V., Timofeev D.N. Defekty okazaniya oftal'mologicheskoy pomoshchi: obzor otechestvennoy i zarubezhnoy praktiki.// Meditsinskoe pravo 2005;3:14-17.
Erofeev S.V. Mediko-pravovye aspekty otsenki kachestva meditsinskoy pomoshchi: sravnenie otechestvennoy i zarubezhnoy praktiki.// Meditsinskoe pravo 2006;1:39-44.
Sergeev Yu.D., Erofeev S.V. Neblagopriyatnyy iskhod meditsinskoy pomoshchi: otsenk

Abstract: The employees of the healthcare systems in the Russian Federation in general, and doctors in particular, form one of the most vulnerable and legally unprotected categories of workers from the standpoint of criminal law. One of the Articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter, the Code) qualifying the actions and establishing the punishment for persons, including medical workers is Art. 124 "Failure to render aid to a sick person", is formulated as follows:1. Failure to render aid to a sick person without valid reasons, by a person who is duty-bound to render it in keeping with the law or with special rules, if this has entailed by negligence the infliction of injury of average gravity to the health of the sick person, shall be punishable by a fine in the amount up to 40 000 rubles, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of up to 3 months, or by corrective labour for a term of up to one year, or by arrest for a term of two to four months.2. The same act, if it has involved, through negligence, the death of the sick person or the infliction of grave injury to his health, shall be punishable by compulsory labor with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without it, or deprivation of liberty for a term of up to four  years with the deprivation of the right to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without it.

Keywords: failure to provide assistance to an ill person, healthcare system staff, article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federa, failure to act of a medical worker, causing damage to health, the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the range of medical workers, medical practitioners, measures of social influence, punishments became more severe

References:
Riffel' A.V. – Izbrannye voprosy meditsinskogo prava. – Akademiya Estestvoznaniya, 2008. – 72 s.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii: tekst s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami na 7 iyulya 2013g. – Moskva: AST – (Noveyshee zakonodatel'stvo), 2013. – 256 s.
Kommentariy k Ugolovnomu kodeksu Rossiyskoy Federatsii (postateynyy). Otv. red. Lebedev V.M. – 13-e izd., pererab. i dop. – M.: Yurayt, 2013.
Kolokolov G.R., Makhon'ko. N.I. – Meditsinskoe pravo. – Uchebnoe posobie. – M: Dashkov i K, 2009.
Leybovich Ya.L. Printsipial'nyy vopros. (Iz materialov glavnogo sudebno-meditsinskogo eksperta) // Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza. – 1925. – ¹1. – S.114-115.
Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. – 1922. – ¹15. – St. 153.
Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. – 1926. – ¹80. – St. 600.
Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR. Ofitsial'nyy tekst s izmeneniyami na 1 marta 1957g. i s prilozheniem postateyno-sistematizirovannykh materialov. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1957. – 235 s.
Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR, Ugolovno-protsessual'nyy kodeks RSFSR, Ispravitel'no-trudovoy kodeks RSF

Abstract: Protection of rights and lawful interests of juveniles is one of important social problems, which has been attracting the public attention for a long time. For decades the international human rights organizations have been calling for counteraction against cruel treatment of children. The key document on the protection of rights of children is the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which was adopted on November 20, 1989 by the Resolution 44/25 of the General Assembly of the UN. Art. 18-27 of the said Convention define the obligations of the state to provide assistant to parents and lawful guardinans and to protect the children from any form of physical, sexual or psychological violence, lack of care or negligent treatment of parents, lawful guardians or any other person taking care of a child. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is ratified by over 200 states, the USSR being among the first twenty states to ratify it. According to the Convention the participating states are obliged to take all necessary measures to implement the rights of children, as officially recognized by their agreement.

Keywords: judicial medical service, dysfunctional families, social problems, international human rights organization, judicial medical expertise, rights of children, protection of children, violence to children, cruel treatment syndrome, cruel treatment

References:
Konventsiya o pravakh rebenka // [Elektronnyy resurs]. –http://www.unicef.ru/upload/iblock/a5a/a5a7b138feea1a34f56dfa2d65f2da13.pdf, rezhim dostupa svobodnyy. – data obrashcheniya 12.08.2013 g.
Kharlamov V.S. Rasprostranennost' v Rossii zhestokogo obrashcheniya s det'mi v svete kriminologii semeynykh otnosheniy // Evraziyskiy yuridicheskiy zhurnal. – 2012.-¹ 2 – S.45.
Timoshina E.M. Voyna protiv sem'i i nravstvennosti, razgorayushchayasya v Rossii // Russkaya narodnaya liniya (08.10.2012) [Elektronnyy resurs]. –http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2012/10/08/vojna_protiv_semi _i_nravstvennosti_razgorayuwayasya_v_rossii/, rezhim dostupa svobodnyy. – data obrashcheniya 12.08.2013 g.
Kemeneva Yu.V., Kemenev D.A. K voprosu o razrabotke sudebno-meditsinskikh kriteriev sindroma zhestokogo obrashcheniya u detey // Aktual'nye problemy sudebnoy meditsiny i meditsinskogo prava: Materialy mezhregional'noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. — M.: Izd-vo NP ITs «YurInfoZdrav», 2012. — S.145-149.
Ugolovnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1996.