Abstract: The study examines the matrix of victim blaming in corruption manifestations using the example of the most common corruption-related crimes - bribery. The following features of the problem under consideration are revealed: bribery as a social phenomenon is characterized by the problem of determining the victim of the crime; in social studies, the prevailing opinion is that bribery is the commission of active actions by two or three subjects of illegal activity; there is a comprehensive assessment of bribery as a guilty act both on the part of the bribe giver and the bribe taker; the negative public assessment of the bribe giver, bribe taker and (or) intermediary in bribery increases significantly in the process of an integrated approach to the relevant forms. General scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition were used; structural-logical and dialectical methods were applied, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, which made it possible to put forward the problems of victim blaming in criminal cases. In the main part of the study, the victim-blaming matrix is ​​considered for crimes related to bribe-taking and bribe-giving according to the following formula: "criminal - victim" or "criminal - intermediary - victim". A distinctive feature is the following pattern: when receiving a bribe: an official is a criminal, a bribe-giver is a criminal and a victim, an intermediary in bribery is a victim (in exceptional cases, the status is not defined); when giving a bribe: an official is a victim, a bribe-giver is a criminal, an intermediary in bribery is a victim (in exceptional cases, the status is not defined). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the very nature of victim-blaming is very complex, since it characterizes social, individual, psychological, cultural and moral processes

Keywords: bribe taker, features of victimblaming, victimblaming, victim blaming, victim accusation, bribery, corruption-related crimes, briber, mediation in bribery, public opinion

Abstract: Private prosecution as an institution dates back to pre-revolutionary Russia, where, despite the lack of clearly formulated legislation in this area, there were certain principles that allowed citizens to independently defend their rights in criminal law proceedings. The current stage of development of the legal system in Russia needs to rethink the role of private prosecution, focused on creating a more effective and fair process. The author analyzes the features of the proceedings and the status of persons who are participants in private prosecution proceedings. Opinions on the exclusion of the form of private prosecution from domestic criminal law literature are considered, in connection with which it is proposed to expand the powers of magistrates in terms of assisting the parties in collecting evidence. The study of the institution of private prosecution in Russia requires a comprehensive, balanced approach, which is based on the use of various methodological tools, namely: comparative legal analysis, regulatory analysis of current legislation in the field of private prosecution, as well as an analysis of the practice of private prosecution in Russia. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the need for a deep rethinking of the role and functions of this the institution in the modern conditions of the legal system. In the light of modern challenges and trends related to globalization and changing public relations, the institute of private prosecution in Russia faces a number of significant problems that require comprehensive scientific analysis and legislative improvement. On the one hand, private prosecution is an important mechanism for protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, providing an opportunity to directly initiate criminal prosecution regardless of the position of public prosecutors. However, in practice, this institution often functions inefficiently due to the lack of clear procedures, the lack of competent specialists and the general lack of legal culture in society. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the reform of the institution of private prosecution in Russia should become a complex task that can be solved jointly with the participation of legislators, human rights organizations and citizens themselves. Only through joint efforts is it possible to create a truly working and fair mechanism that will ensure the protection of citizens' rights and strengthen public confidence in the country's legal system.

Keywords: private prosecution, procedural status, criminal law, collecting evidence, court decision, Justice of the Peace, The private prosecutor, private prosecution cases, the criminal case, private complaint

Abstract: The subject of the study is the regulation of actions of special units for escorting convicts and persons in custody during the commission and suppression of escapes. The purpose of the work is to identify the main problems faced by the staff of the guard service and suggest ways to solve them in order to improve the efficiency of the functioning of special escort units in the context of modern challenges of reality. The methodological basis of this work is dialectics, induction, deduction, analysis, formal logical, formal legal, statistical methods, as well as the method of normative legal analysis. The research paper analyzes the concept and tasks of special escort units, the main problems and challenges they face, and criminal schemes based on established law enforcement practices used by convicts and detainees to escape during escort. The results of the work show that escapes pose a serious public danger and can be associated with diverse crimes. The main methods of escape are outlined, as well as shortcomings in the organization of security, training and interaction between law enforcement agencies. The scope of the results includes the practical use of the proposed recommendations to improve the efficiency of the escort units, as well as the development of new approaches to ensure the normal administration of justice. The conclusions that were formulated in the work emphasize the need for an integrated approach to solving the problems of escorting, including the use of modern technologies, the training of highly qualified personnel in convoy units and methods of monitoring the work of employees, which will significantly increase the level of public safety and reduce the risk of escapes.

Keywords: training, reserve group, harassment, illegal actions, interaction, guard, escape, convicts, special units, escorting

Abstract: In the modern criminal law system, the fight against the laundering of illegal income and criminally acquired property occupies a key position. By legalizing illegally obtained funds, criminals significantly complicate the work of law enforcement agencies in detecting and investigating primary crimes. At the same time, a number of problems, especially in the field of criminal legislation, hinder the effective opposition to this type of criminal activity. The subject of the research is the criminal law aspects of money laundering. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of legislation in the field of countering legalization (laundering), identify problems of law enforcement and develop proposals for improving criminal legislation. The research paper considers: statistics of those convicted under Articles 174 and 174.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the identification of discrepancies between the number of crimes and the number of persons brought to justice; problems in qualifying the actions of those accused of legalizing criminal funds and property; the need to prove the specific purpose of the offender; gaps in legislation regarding criminal prosecution for laundering criminally obtained funds abroad. The methodological basis of this work is the following methods: dialectics, induction, deduction, as well as statistical, formal and logical, as well as the method of regulatory analysis, which allow a deeper understanding of the problems of money laundering qualification. Results of the work – specific measures have been proposed to improve criminal legislation. Scope of application – the results can be used to improve the regulatory framework, as well as in scientific research in the field of criminal law. The scientific novelty of the study is expressed in the identification of problematic aspects and the need for amendments to Articles 174 and 174.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, including the introduction of a minimum threshold for the amount of legalized funds and the establishment of administrative responsibility for laundering small amounts. It is also proposed to supplement the legislation with a provision on criminal liability for the legalization in Russia of proceeds from crimes committed in other countries. The conclusions that were formulated in the work emphasize that the existing legislation in the field of combating money laundering has a number of disadvantages that lead to low effectiveness in combating this type of crime.

Keywords: judicial practice, counteraction, legislation, qualifications, problems, financial transactions, criminal liability, criminal proceeds, latency, money laundering