Abstract: The subject of the study was the theoretical, legal and applied aspects of the prosecutor's office's participation in the field of countering extremism. In the course of the study, strategic planning documents, regulatory legal acts and empirical materials were studied, including: a) The Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Government resolutions, organizational and administrative documents of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation on the participation of the Prosecutor's Office in the field of countering extremist activity; b) materials of the supervisory and other functional activities of the prosecutor's office available to the author's team concerning the subject of the study; c) statistical forms containing information on the state of crime related to encroachments on the national interests of the Russian Federation, as well as data on the results of the activities of the prosecutor's office to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation. The consideration of theoretical and applied aspects of the prosecutor's office's participation in countering extremist activities was carried out on the basis of a general scientific dialectical method of cognition of legal and social phenomena related to extremism. Other private and special techniques and methods were also used: formal-legal, structural-functional, systemic, statistical. The study also used a set of methods of criminology and prosecutorial supervision. The main conclusions are concluded in the definition of the main theoretical, legal and applied aspects of the activities of the prosecutor's office in the field of countering extremist activities. Reviewed and analyzed: theoretical approaches to determining the place of the prosecutor's office in the system of countering extremism in the Russian Federation; specifics of the legal regulation of the prosecutor's office in the system of countering extremism in the Russian Federation; identification of the main applied aspects of the prosecutor's office's participation in the implementation of anti-extremist activities.

Keywords: public authorities, powers of the Prosecutor's Office, coordination, corruption, extremist crime, National security, prevention of extremism, The Prosecutor's Office, prevention of extremist activities, extremism

Abstract: The subject of this study is the forms and methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The purpose of the study is to analyze the forms and methods of preventing drug crimes, their differentiation, identify current problems and develop ways to solve them. Attention is drawn to the fact that the main actors in the prevention of drug crime are the state and society. The role of the state is to coordinate and determine the vectors of combating drug crime, draw up plans and programs for preventive activities, and determine the competence of other subjects of prevention. Society also plays an important role in reducing drug crime, so it is important to involve citizens in the prevention of crimes in the field of drug trafficking. It is determined that the feedback mechanism contributes to the qualitative interaction of civil society institutions with law enforcement agencies and government agencies.  The research methodology includes a number of general scientific methods of scientific cognition. The following methods were used in the course of the research: the method of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, the method of analyzing scientific literature, the method of systematization, formal legal, dialectical and other methods. The research is structured according to the principles of logic and structuring. The scientific novelty of this study is to highlight the urgent problems of drug crime prevention as one of the methods of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. Special attention is paid to improving the practice of social rehabilitation of drug addicts. This topic has been the subject of scientific research, but the main focus of many researchers is on drug treatment. At the same time, social rehabilitation and employment of drug addicts are of no less importance, as they seriously reduce the likelihood of such persons committing crimes in the field of drug trafficking. The considered method of preventing drug crimes, expressed in individual preventive work with drug addicts, will also contribute to reducing the demand for drugs, which will reduce the number of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that such a method of preventing crimes in the field of drug trafficking as individual preventive work with drug addicts, their adaptation and social rehabilitation is of high importance. Some problems in this area are considered, and possible solutions are proposed.

Keywords: drug addicts, security threat, prevention, rehabilitation, crime, warning methods, subjects of the warning, prevention of drug crimes, drug crime, law enforcement agencies

Abstract: Brief results of a sociological study conducted in six border territories of modern Russian society are presented. The subject of the study was the components of the reproductive mechanisms of human capital, namely the attitude of the population to health and motivation to preserve it. The object of the study was the human capital of the Russian borderlands. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary complex analysis, including structural-functional, activity-based approaches in conjunction with a secondary analysis of the phenomenon of human capital in the field of various humanities and economic sciences. The specifics of the functioning of the reproductive components of human capital were measured based on the analysis of relevant regional statistics and questionnaire questions, expert survey. The novelty of the study lies in the regional specifics of the attitude of the population of six border regions of Russia to the potential of their health and motivation to use health-saving technologies in their lives. Territorial models of population health disorders are described. Conclusions are drawn that at the present stage of the development of Russian society, opposite trends are being realized. On the one hand, the negative consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, the combination of structural disorders in the system of providing medical care to the population and the increase in morbidity of various kinds, which caused an unprecedented increase in mortality in all territories of Russia. The opposite and positive trend can be called the formation of the legislative framework of a new health protection strategy in Russian society. The main goal of this strategy is to preserve and increase the human capital of the country, including, first of all, the health of the nation, as well as its education and motivation for a long and fruitful life for the benefit of Russian society

Keywords: border territories, social well-being, self-preserving behavior, health of the nation, healthy lifestyle, health care, demographic security, health, reproductive mechanisms, human capital

Abstract: The author considers in detail the main approaches to the definition of ethnic enclave and enclavization. Taking into account the degree of elaboration of this problem due to the peculiarities of historical development, special attention is focused on the approaches reflected in foreign English-language publications on the economy of the enclave and social modeling. The author also addresses the problem of the formation of ethnic enclaves in the Russian Federation, acting as an obvious threat to public security. The methodological basis of the research is presented by the general dialectical method of scientific cognition. The prospects of enclavization are illustrated by official statistical data on the number of people registered for migration and who have received citizenship. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the main features of an ethnic (polyethnic) enclave are the presence of a special economic structure and socio-cultural environment that exclude the processes of assimilation into society. In order to identify the enclave, it is advisable to use sociological methods (questionnaires, surveys of the local population) and a survey of the territory. Considering that migration processes are related to the determinants of crime, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of ethnic enclaves in a criminal aspect. Moreover, with the growth of external migration, the prospects of enclavization seem quite real. The negative consequences of enclavization are the growth of social exclusion, tension, an increase in crime, including migration and organized ethnic crime.

Keywords: ethnic enclave, migration registration, ethnic quarter, enclavization, segregation model, enclave hypothesis, assimilation theory, economy, migration, threshold value

Abstract: This article presents the characteristic features of thefts committed with illegal entry into the homes of citizens in the Republic of Tuva. In particular, regional peculiarities of the commission of thefts involving illegal entry into the home are noted. The methods of penetration into the dwelling are considered: by breaking the door, locking devices, door lock, penetration through the window, by exposing or breaking glass, selecting a key, etc. In the course of scientific research, general scientific methods, formal legal methods, and special research methods were used. Content analysis of documents, empirical research methods, questionnaires, interviewing, analysis, synthesis, etc.   In the first scientific article, an attempt was made to analyze the criminological characteristics of thefts committed with illegal entry into a dwelling in the Republic of Tyva. The main reasons and conditions under which thefts involving illegal entry into a dwelling in the Republic of Tyva are committed are listed. The peculiarities of the personality of a criminal encroaching on someone else's property in the Republic of Tyva are studied. Conclusions are drawn based on the results of an empirical study, in particular on the basis of a survey conducted in the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Republic of Tyva. The authors refer to statistical data from open sources of information.

Keywords: criminal experience, Tyva Republic, criminological characteristic, investigation of crimes, law enforcement, statistical data, theft, apartment thieves, trespass, dwelling

Abstract: The subject of this research is the system of creating mechanisms of information from internal threats in automated data processing systems similar to the mechanism of human immunity. The object of this research is the mechanism of human immunity and systems of ensuring information security in automated data processing systems. The goal of this work lies in the development of the universal scheme of functionality of the mechanism of human immunity against internal threats in form of the procedure, and develop on its basis the immune-like scheme for countering internal threats applicable to the systems of ensuring information security. Methodological research on the development of procedure for detecting internal threats in the mechanism of human immunity is carried out via the methods of systemic analysis in area of ensuring information security. Special attention is given to such aspects as consistency and adaptability of the mechanisms of human immunity applicable to the systems of ensuring information security. This article introduces the new solution to the task of adapting the universal scheme of functionality of the immune system in countering internal threats in the systems of ensuring information security based on the principle of demarcation of the elements to “known/alien” and implementation of the procedure to “destroy” threat, the so-called “Trogotcytosis” (“gnaw”). The developed procedures may serve as the basic schemes in further practical studies of the immune-like systems of ensuring informations security.

Keywords: neural systems, intelligent systems, intrusions detection system, information protection, information security systems, human immune system, artificial immune systems, inborn immunity, adaptive mechanism, systems approach

Abstract: The subject of this research is the main security concerns of Bulgaria and Romania. The author believes that the biggest threat for these countries presents the challenges of domestic security, turning particular attention to corruption and out-migration of population. The article examines the European policy called to improve the situation in Bulgaria and Romania, methods of counteracting the aforementioned issues on the national level, as well as analyzes the causes of failure of anticorruption policy in both countries. The authors lean not only on the reports of political institutions, but also analyzes the statistical data. The conclusion is made that the rapid implementation of laws alongside procedures and institutions of the European Union did not give rise to the establishment of an effective legal and institutional framework in the countries in question. Measures of pressuring and incentivizing used by the European Union also have not yielded significant results. In the area of security and justice, the European integration of both countries had a greater impact on the rates rather than the quality of transformation.  

Keywords: transformation, migration, corruption, European Union, Romania, Bulgaria, threats, security, European integration, judicial system

Abstract: The subject of this research is the dysfunctional factors attributable to religion as a social phenomenon. Based on the results of studying the role of religious worldview in the past and current confrontations between different confessions in the history of human civilization, the author sets a goal to determine and substantiate the religious factors, which manifestation carries destructive consequences for the society. The theoretical framework is comprises of the works on extremism and religious topic, results of sociological surveys, and statistical data. Special role is assigned to analysis of the text of Holy books of the traditional confessions of Russia, as well as practical examples of manifestation of religious extremism. The author leans not only on the unified, but also alternative theoretical approaches and on conclusions. Application of the historical and systemic methods allowed tracing the occurrences of religious extremism throughout the history of humanity. Gnoseological potential of sociological methods of quantitative and qualitative research allowed adequately interpreting the practical examples of religious extremism in the world. The author also uses the method of content analysis of the Holy religious books and mass media. It is concluded that each world and national religion has a number of dysfunctional factors, which under the influence of certain external and internal conditions upon their adepts, may form intolerance towards the representatives of other religion and manifest in the extremist views and actions.

Keywords: religious factor, religious extremism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, extremism, Religion, Russia, civilization, society

Abstract: The research subject is the legal grounds and the procedure of application of government coercive measures using armed forces for the purpose of the country’s territorial integrity provision, the case of the legislation of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. The author studies the constitutional and legal models of armed protection of the state territory from internal threats for the purpose of differentiating legal regulation of forms, means, and methods of activities of armed forces determined by the peculiarities of national legal systems taking into account the states’ obligations in the sphere of international humanitarian law. The author applies the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, the concrete historical, system-structural, formal-logical, theoretical and prognostic methods, and the legal provisions interpreting. The scientific novelty of the study is conditioned by its contribution to the development of the theory of law of armed conflicts and the science of constitutional law. The author concludes that the actions of the illegitimate Kyiv regime, whose actual authority applied only within the bounds of Kyiv, were aimed at the protection of the regime itself and its legitimization in the southeast regions of Ukraine via enforcement. Unlike the Ukrainian conflict, the actions of Russian authorities in the Russian territorial subject – the Chechen Republic – were aimed at the preservation of territorial integrity of the Russian state with due regard to the right to self-determination. 

Keywords: territorial integrity provision, legitimization of power via enforcement, separatism, coup, legality, anti-terrorist operation, illegal armed groups, terrorists, direct action of the Constitution, constitutional prohibitions

Abstract: The author of the study considers theoretical and applicative aspects of preventing and fighting against corruption both in Russia and abroad. The research object is the system of relations between public authorities, business, and society in combating corruption. The research subject covers the processes of development and introduction of new instruments and mechanisms of preventing corruption. Special attention is paid to the experience of combating corruption in the BRICS countries, and to the issues of effective use of information and telecommunications technologies in this sphere. The research methodology is based on the analysis of international studies, and the ratings of organizations involved in the system researches of fight against corruption.  The synthesis of practices of legal regulation in this sphere, and the detection of the basic corruption origins in foreign states, the detection of the negative socio-economic, political, and ethical consequences, endangering the state’s sustainable development capacities, are the basis for the development of recommendations about forming intolerant attitude towards corruption in the society. Bearing in mind that, being an integral part of social life, corruption adapts to its development and acquires new forms, the novelty of the paper lies in studying the problem of forming a complex understanding of this phenomenon in the society, and detecting the new directions, mechanisms, and instruments of combating corruption. 

Keywords: BRICS, prevention of corruption, business, society, corruption, anti-corruption policy, public management, system thinking, information and telecommunications technologies, combating corruption

Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the categories of crime in the Russian Empire of the post-reform period of the late 19th – the early 20th centuries – crimes against the state and public order, including a wide range of illegal deeds. The article considers the most widespread crimes against the religion, the state and the society, which had taken place in the provincial towns of Tambov region, namely, various official malfeasances, crimes against the public order and morality, coinage offence and crimes against the Orthodox faith and the church. The methodology of the research is based on the synthesis of the main modern history approaches (microhistorical analysis, local context, gender specificity), and is of a multidisciplinary character (sociology of deviant behavior, historical psychology). The author concludes that the level of dissemination of crimes against the state and public order was higher in towns than in villages; the legal culture and the legal conscience of citizens was influenced by the traditional law within the traditional behavioral guidelines. 

Keywords: crimes against the state, crimes against society, hooliganism, resistance to authority, counterfeiting, malfeasance, crimes against the church, customary law, personal factor, traditionalism of the criminal mind

Abstract:  The subject of the research is cluster policy as a set of measures taken by the public authorities and aimed at the formation and development of clusters in Russian economics. The author shows that government regulation of the economy by means of the clusters approach is a logical result of development of the modern market economy and its regulation by the government. Special attention is paid to the revelation of the risks of cluster policy and their systematization according to their composition. The author shows the connection of risks with the cluster policy efficiency. The research is based on the dialectical approach, understanding the contradictions as a driving force of development. The author uses the methods of comparative, retrospective and systems analysis. The paper reveals the tendency of transformation of the phenomenon of market competition in modern conditions. The author shows that it is a combination of elements of competitive and cooperative relations, and clusters are one of the forms of institutionalization of such contradictory relations. Due to the fact that clusters serve as the poles of economic growth it is necessary to develop and realize the special government policy – the cluster policy. The author explains the thesis that cluster policy is based on the indirect instruments of regulation which is connected with the conflict of interests of its subjects and objects. The author offers the classification of the main risks of cluster policy. It is offered to differentiate three groups of risks - those connected with the external environment of a cluster functioning, with the activity of the cluster’s subjects, and with the work of public authorities. 

Keywords: cluster, cluster policy, competition, regional economy, risk, efficiency, government regulation of the economy, cooperation, economic development, pole of growth

Abstract: The subject of the research is protest moods of Vologda oblast inhabitants as a potential threat to social stability. The article presents the dynamics of protest potential in the period of 2000 – 2014 and the peculiarities of protest moods in various socio-demographic and income groups of population. The authors analyze socio-economic and socio-political factors determining the formation of protest moods. The authors define the conditions for social tension decrease and prevention of latent dissatisfaction spill over into disorders and disturbances. The research is based on the data of a regular public opinion monitoring held by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences on the Territory of Vologda oblast since 1995. The surveys are carried out 6 times p.a. Each survey covers 1500 respondents in Vologda and Cherepovets and in 8 regions of the oblast. The authors come to the following conclusions: -         The average protest potential of Vologda oblast inhabitants in 2014 was 19% -         Risk groups include the population aged 30-35 and older from the poorest 20% of the population, inhabitants of Cherepovets. The protest potential of these categories exceeds the average rate of the oblast; -         The main determinants of a potential protest activity in the region are the negative socio-political moods caused by the disapproval of the authorities’ actions; socio-economic indicators reflecting the inhabitants’ dissatisfaction with the material conditions and the general economic situation in the country and the region; social well-being of the population which includes social patience and emotional and psychological condition; -         A low but stable level of protest potential in the region has a reserve of “combustible” material which bears a potential threat to social stability of the regional society. The regular studies of many years allow the authors to conclude that the main precondition of social tension decrease, prevention of latent dissatisfaction spill over into disorders and disturbances, and, thus, provision of social stability is the optimization of public authorities of all levels (federal, regional, municipal), enhancement of their efficiency in the solution of socio-economic problems and in the control over the implementation of the principle of equal protection of the law. One of the main sources of these goals achievement is active cooperation of the state and the society through the mediation of social sciences: economics, political science, social psychology, history and sociology. With government order sociological researches can provide all branches of state authority with reliable, timely and sufficient information about the processes in different spheres of social life. Empirical sociological researches are one of the most efficient ways of social tension detection and measurement. The study of public opinion of regional population gives the opportunity to ascertain the general and the local factors and reasons of social tension, to reveal the powers of various social subjects, to point out the actions and events encouraging escalation of social tension in order to find possible ways and mechanisms of its regulation and management. The novelty of the research lies in the use of the data of a long-term, regular and complex monitoring of public opinion by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences, which is one of few institutions carrying out sociological researches on regional level. The present study provides continuous time series which allow analyzing the specificity of public moods in regional society. 

Keywords: public administration efficiency, protest potential, social tension, social conflict, social well-being, social stability, public opinion, monitoring, national security, threat

Abstract: The article considers the issue of armed criminal actions and their prevention. The author informs about a wide range of problems which the theorists and practical persons face with in the sphere if armed criminal actions prevention. This kind of crime is considered by the author as a distinct and the most dangerous one, with its own specificity. The author suggests the classification of kinds of armed criminal actions. Special attention is paid to the issues of armed crimes prevention and the legal regime of weapons trafficking. The author uses the results of study of criminal cases on armed criminal actions. The methodology of the research is based on the methods of transition from abstract to concrete, construction of hypothesis, the system-structural analysis, the historical method, comparison and dynamical and statistical methods. The scientific originality of the research consists of the fact that armed criminal action is presented as a detached system-structural phenomenon. The author singles out its types and groups in a certain historical situation. The research provides the most probable variants of development of the criminal situation connected with armed crimes. It suggests preventive measures against armed crimes and weapons trafficking. 

Keywords: armed criminal action, formes of armed criminal action, armed crimes prevention, characteristics of armed crimes, weapon, extremism, terrorism, armed criminal groupings, organized crime, regional specificity

Abstract: The article substantiates the topicality of the problem of studying crime in rural areas, which is defined, on one hand, by complicated character of criminal situation in villages, and topicality of problems of organizing countermeasures against crime and its prevention, and on the other hand, by the lack of studies of the criminological issues in the sphere of rural crime. The number of cases involving death or grievous harm to health of village people by criminal attacks is especially alarming to one studying rural crime.  The number of deaths of people due to crime in rural areas in Russia remains the same in last three years, and it is over two times larger than the same criterion for the city crime, and one and a half times larger for causing grievous harm to health of people. The authors of the article point out the complicated character of criminal situation in the villages. The tendency for the lesser registered crimes in the rural areas in 2009 to 2012 does not reflect the real situation, since it is artificially formed in last several years by lowering statistical data. In this article the authors analyze the situation and tendencies in rural crime. The methods employed include following from abstract to specific, systemic structural and comparative analysis, historic method, dynamic and statistical methods, as well as specific sociological methods for the evaluation of rural crime. The scientific novelty is due to establishing the fact that the level of rural crime is higher than city crime.  Additionally, the crimes in rural area become especially troublesome due to the scale and amount of deaths of village people and causing grievous harm to their health.  The number of deaths of people due to crime in rural areas in Russia remains the same in last three years, and it is over two times larger than the same criterion for the city crime, and one and a half times larger for causing grievous harm to health of people.

Keywords: public danger in rural areas, city crime, rural crime, dynamics of rural crime, crime structure, specific features of rural crime, regional crime analysis, rural crime level, criminal situation, grave crime

Abstract: Over the past few years the migration issue has become a stable and usual priority in the agenda of the global community. Illegal migration, i.e. entry and stay in a country in defiance of the established order, remains one of the most nettlesome issues of modern times. It is illegal migration which comes to the first place among other challenges and threats today. Obviously, it is impossible to handle the situation using the old approaches. The author of the article suggests new efficient methods of interstate interactions for the purpose of returning illegal migrants to their native land. The author also describes the main mechanisms of readmission and analyzes the modern state of the institution of readmission in the Russian Federation. The author also underlines the main factors necessary for implementation of readmission responsibilities and suggests further ways of developing this institution.  Based on the author, readmission is an efficient instrument of illegal migration management that would contribute to the national security. 

Keywords: state, globalization, migration situation, migration policy, migration processes, conception, modernization, national security, legislation, readmission