Abstract: The article examines the evolution of the Internet as an integral component of modern information society and its influence on defining state jurisdiction in the digital space. The author analyzes traditional approaches to understanding state jurisdiction in the Internet space, including the concept of neutral territories with international regimes, analogous to the regime established in Antarctica, in outer space regarding celestial bodies, etc., the concept of limiting state competence to national domain names, as well as the principles of territorial sovereignty, establishment of a global regulatory regime, and the principle of jurisdictional autonomy. Special attention in the article is devoted to ensuring, on the one hand, constant, free, and open access to the network, and on the other hand, protecting users from potential negative consequences. The main methods used in preparing this article are: a set of logical research methods and techniques; methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, as well as special legal methods. In order to promote a more fair and equal global governance of the digital space and the construction of an information society with a common future in cyberspace, governments of countries should reconsider the traditional model of state governance, as with the development of digital technologies, it has proven to be ineffective, which may lead to even greater resistance from society and the private sector of the economy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop international norms, principles, methods, and standards aimed at effectively regulating the digital space and settling the issue of establishing state jurisdiction in the global network, which will allow finding a balance between public and private security, the efficiency of state governance, and at the same time ensure the protection of digital rights of citizens.

Keywords: jurisdictional autonomy, digital space, globalization, digitization, network, digital sovereignty, Internet, state borders, state, jurisdiction

Abstract: The article is devoted to current changes concerning the improvement of legislation in the field of personal data protection. Within the framework of the issue under study, the authors analyzed a number of legislative and subordinate initiatives in order to assess the need to adopt appropriate innovations and their subsequent implementation within the framework of law enforcement. The authors have studied in detail the provisions of draft legal acts, highlighted the issues that require additional specification. The paper considers measures of the state policy of the Russian Federation related to: 1) granting additional powers to law enforcement agencies in terms of access to information systems; 2) establishing requirements for storing information and transmitting it; 3) tightening responsibility for the leakage of personal data; 4) additional ways to ensure the security of Russian information systems, reducing their dependence on foreign services. During the consideration of this issue, the authors used general scientific and private scientific methods, in particular, such as analysis, synthesis, legal forecasting and others. The novelty of the work lies in the study of those changes that are planned to be made to regulatory legal acts in the near future, previously such provisions were not covered in detail in legal science. As a result of the conducted research, conclusions are drawn about the competent approach of the state authorities to the modernization of regulatory regulation in the field of personal data protection in the context of a serious need to ensure the highest quality protection of personal data, while the authors noted some provisions that require improvement by law-making bodies due to the fact that at the moment they are either abstract in nature or enter into force a contradiction with the existing legal norms. It is assumed that in the future, after the introduction of these changes, it will be possible to assess their effectiveness already within the framework of law enforcement.

Keywords: responsibility, fraud, Russian services, information, sanctions, law enforcement agencies, information systems, protection, government, personal data

Abstract: The institution of reorganization of legal entities is quite common in modern Russian conditions, however, to date, firstly, there has not been a consensus in the scientific literature on the essence of reorganization, and secondly, many gaps contained in civil legislation that violate the balance of rights of the subjects involved in it, which have been repeatedly pointed out by scientists, have not been eliminated- lawyers. Purpose: the author examines the essence of the institution of reorganization of legal entities, to identify the shortcomings of civil law norms affecting the issue of ensuring a balance of interests of entities participating in the reorganization. The methodological basis was the general scientific method of analysis, as well as private scientific methods of formal legal analysis and interpretation. Results: based on the results of this study, it was found that the institution of reorganization of a legal entity should be considered as a system of legal relations, the object of which is the creation of a legal entity. The author also determined that the imperfection of the existing norms of civil legislation is one of the main reasons for the violation of the rights and interests of entities involved in the reorganization of legal entities. Conclusions: as a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that there is a need for clearer legislative regulation of the recognition of the reorganization as failed and invalidation of the decision on the reorganization of a legal entity. Additionally, ways are determined to eliminate the relevant gaps and increase the level of protection of the rights and interests of all participants in the reorganization.

Keywords: creation of a legal entity, transaction, balance of interests, unitary enterprise, corporate legal entity, universal legal succession, reorganization, legal entity, related party, property right

Abstract: The article discusses the problems of implementing the principle of transparency of algorithms when using information technology. The computer algorithms underlying the software often remain "black boxes" for individuals. The proposed article substantiates the need for legislative stipulation of the principle of transparency of algorithms. It assumes the openness and accessibility of information about the information used by the algorithm, the sources of obtaining such information, logical circuits and mechanisms for their processing, as well as the nature of the information obtained as a result of processing, the purposes and methods of its use. Noting the positive trends in Russian legislative regulation, the author emphasizes the need to improve legislation. The study was carried out using the comparative legal method. Examples of the legal consolidation of the principle of transparency of algorithms in the legislation of foreign countries are considered. In relation to Russian legislation, gaps in regulation are noted on the basis of the formal legal method, and proposals are formulated to eliminate them. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formulation of the content of the principle of transparency of algorithms. It is noted that the principle of transparency should be manifested in the realization by individuals of their right to receive reliable, comprehensive and understandable information about the functioning of algorithms, about the information used and about the derived data. It is emphasized that at the level of the federal law, a criterion for the comprehensibility of information for users should be formulated. The position is also expressed that in the case of using algorithms in recommendation systems or in targeted advertising, the user should be able to refuse algorithmic processing of data about him, or limit the use of certain personal information by algorithms.

Keywords: digital technologies, information technologies, automated processing of data, personal data, human rights, algorithms accountability, algorithms transparency, digital profiling, constitutional principles, right to know

Abstract: The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of deepfake in the Russian Federation. Legal regulation of deepfake does not keep up with the pace of development of artificial intelligence technologies. The authors emphasize that there is no definition of deepfake in the current legislation, and the existing formulations in scientific works are extremely contradictory in nature. Taking into account the pace of development of artificial intelligence technologies, it is necessary to legislate the definition of deepfake. The authors note that the classification of deepfakes is fundamentally important for the legal regulation of these technologies. According to the results of the analysis of modern neural networks the species classification of deepfakes is offered. Taking into account the authors' proposed definition of the concept of "deepfake" and taking into account the lack of legal mechanisms to regulate social relations in the sphere of use and distribution of deepfake, which cause the development of digital transformation, it is important to form mechanisms to adapt the legal system to the challenges associated with the development of deepfake technologies.

Keywords: digital technologies, transformation of law, criminal law, neural networks, synthesized speech, deepfake’s classification, legal regulation, generative content, deepfakes, watermarks

Abstract: The article analyzes the characteristics of a digital platform as a type of economic market relations, identifies those that have legal significance, and models a system of elements of the national legal regime of digital platforms in Russia that reflect these characteristics. The research methodology is based on the fact that the digital platform has different aspects of understanding. The article provides an analysis of the economic understanding of the digital platform, which is also not unambiguous: the platform is studied as a type of economic relations. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the main characteristics of the platform economy, which have legal significance. Further, the legal model of these characteristics is formulated. The scientific novelty is in the modelling of the national legal regime of digital platforms in Russia based on the analysis of the digital platform as a type of economic relations, as well as in specific conclusions regarding the legal significance of the characteristics of digital platforms: a system of contractual relations that develop on the digital platform is built, depending on the participants in the relationship and the function contracts; the presumption of the legal regime of the accession agreement for agreements concluded between users and the platform operator is proposed; it is proposed to introduce into the legal mode of the digital platform the right of the operator to declare the platform open or closed; if the platform operator declares it open, the contracts concluded with him should be subject to the regime of public contracts, which should be specified in the legislation; it is necessary to include in the legal regime of digital platforms the norms on categories of consumers for which other conditions of a public contract can be determined, taking into account their economic loyalty and other factors justified from an economic and social standpoint; the relationship between the platform operator and its users may be mediated by contracts for the provision of services free of charge, which should not deprive the user of the legal status of a consumer.

Keywords: digital platform operator, digital platform contracts, digital platform law, platform economy, regulation of digital platforms, economics of digital platforms, local acts of the platform, legal regime of platforms, digital platforms, digital platform services

Abstract: This article introduces a comparative analysis of existing approaches to determining the liability of artificial intelligence in the context of public medical relations between the United States and Russia. As part of the comparative analysis, the basic problems in the field of transparency in the decision-making of artificial intelligence were identified, theoretical and practical situations for the use of artificial intelligence in the medical field were considered, and possible compensatory legal measures were proposed to ensure the safe integration of artificial intelligence into the healthcare sector in Russia. The subject of the study is the formalization of artificial intelligence actions in legal relations between a doctor and a patient. The object of the study is regulatory documents, recommendations and other documents regulating the use of artificial intelligence for the purposes of medical legal relations in Russia and the United States, judicial practice, academic publications and analytical reports on the issues under study. The research methodology integrates a complex of modern philosophical, general scientific, special scientific methods of cognition, including dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, hermeneutical, comparative legal, formal legal (dogmatic), etc. Within the framework of this study, special emphasis is laid on the implementation of a comparative legal study of the phenomenon of the autonomy of artificial intelligence involved in legal relations between a doctor and a patient, followed by the identification of potential scenarios for regulating responsibility for AI actions. The measures proposed as a result of the study can be applied in the legislative activities and their implementation by relevant authorities that are in charge of the integration of artificial intelligence into the sphere of public relations in Russia, including the healthcare sector.

Keywords: information law, law enforcement practice, administrative law, public law, secure AI, telemedicine, medical law, comparative legal research of AI, electronic person, artificial intelligence

Abstract: The subject of the study is the due diligence of the company, which can manifest itself to it in corporate governance. Due diligence in corporate governance, considered in the context of the implementation of the sustainable development goals and the ESG agenda, differs significantly from the understanding adopted in Russia from the position of the highest courts in the field of detection and prevention of tax abuses. Both approaches, as well as the definition under consideration, are not normatively fixed, and the first, in accordance with world tradition and practice, is implemented through soft regulation. In an environment of uncertainty and risk diversification, there is a growing trend to make SDG and ESG prudence mandatory. In Russia, such a transition is being discussed, but there is no readiness for it, and references to European experience in the current conditions are problematic. The existing ones in this area have not yet been studied, which hinders the choice of ways and mechanisms for their regulation. The novelty of the study is to identify the need to monitor the effectiveness of soft regulation and the actual activities of Russian companies in the context of the SDGs and the ESG agenda.

Keywords: tax abuses, soft regulation, corporate governance, sustainable development goals, ESG, sustainable corporate governance, due diligence, guiding principles, disclosure of information, consequences of the company's activities

Abstract: The subject of the study is the legal relations arising in connection with the turnover of digital financial assets in the context of determining the prospects for further improvement of their legal regime. The purpose of the study is to determine, on the basis of legislation, scientific materials and law enforcement practice, the range of legal problems arising in connection with and about the inheritance of digital financial assets, and to establish possible ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition of objective legal reality, namely: the method of synthesis, the method of analysis, the method of induction and the method of deduction, as well as the comparative legal method.   The scientific novelty lies in the absence of doctrinal studies on the inheritance of digital financial assets, along with the fact that the needs of the professional environment are already experiencing the need for a legal mechanism for the implementation of the rights of heirs to digital property. In the content of the scientific article, based on the analysis of the current legislation, a range of legal problems affecting the possibility of their application within the framework of hereditary legal relations is defined, in particular: the dualism of the material-binding nature of digital objects does not allow to determine the composition of the hereditary mass; the order of inheritance of such objects is not normatively defined. The study identifies the prospects for legislative regulation, ways to eliminate legal problems, including on the basis of the experience of foreign law and order. The conclusions and results of the study can be used as a basis for the development of methodological recommendations of the Federal Notary Chamber of the Russian Federation regarding the determination of the order of inheritance of digital property.

Keywords: digital rights, operator, Information system, digital property, legal problems, inheritance, civil circulation, will, source, digital financial assets

Abstract: The focus of this article is the paradigm of regulation of auditing activities at the present stage. The subject of the study is a number of provisions of the Concept of development of auditing activities until 2024. This program document determined the further vector of development of state regulation and self-regulation of auditing activities. The separate novelties of the legislation in the context of the modern format of regulation of audit activity are analyzed. The article summarizes the emergence of a "regulatory triangle" in the audit services market in connection with the granting of control powers to the Bank of Russia, which leads to excessive regulation of auditing activities. The main changes in the institute of self-regulation of auditing activities are noted: updating the conceptual apparatus, abandoning standardization and the numerical composition of the self-regulating organization.    The article provides an assessment of a two-level system of requirements imposed on the subjects of audit activity. Positively assessing the institution of mandatory requirements, the author of the article is skeptical about the second direction of regulation - recommendations. Consideration of the recommendations as a prototype of the standards of a self-regulatory organization is not reflected in the legislation on auditing. The problems of excessive regulation of the audit services market due to the granting of control powers to the Bank of Russia are outlined. The author sees an opportunity to improve the quality of audit services provided in the form of a return to the practice of issuing qualification certificates in certain areas, in particular, in the direction of "audit of credit institutions". Thus, strict filtering of subjects should be carried out at the stage of access to the audit market, and control powers under this model should remain with the Federal Treasury and the self-regulatory organization. The refusal to standardize auditing activities, the functioning of only one self-regulating auditing organization devalues the very idea of self-regulation. Under such conditions, self-regulation of audit activity does not act as a worthy alternative or continuation of state regulation.

Keywords: certificate, Bank of Russia, self-regulating organization, standards, recommendations, mandatory requirements, self-regulation, state regulation, audit activity, audit

Abstract: The subject of this research is the novelty of civil legislation – hereditary fund, which is characterized by dual legal nature; on the one hand, as a subject of inheritance law, while as property asset managed. The object of this research is the totality of legal relations that emerge due to creation of hereditary funds, determination of their legal status, and implementation of their activity associated with ensuring the safeguard of assets and effective management of mass of inheritance for the purpose of realization and protection of the property interests of beneficiaries (heirs, creditors). The author examines the current mechanism for creating a nonprofit fund in accordance with the provisions of legislation and civilized doctrine,  and notary practice, as well as outlines a range of problems that affect unlocking full potential of this institution (property, social, and economic). The scientific novelty is reflected in the author's recommendations for solution a number of legal issues is creation of the hereditary fund. The conclusion is made on the need for further legislative and technical improvement of the provisions of hereditary funds in the Russian Federation, reducing imperativeness and expansion of the allowable principles in their legal regulation, namely a testamentary prescription on the creation of hereditary fund may determine the purpose and lists of activity of the hereditary fund, the subject and property responsibility for the implementation of registration acts with regards to creation of hereditary fund, as well as possibility of granting the beneficiary of the fund the rights of the sole executive body. The mandatory nature of prescriptions to establish 6-month term for registration of hereditary fund; application of the Article 10 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in the instance of abuse of the right to agree on candidates for the administration of hereditary fund; establishment of equality of rights to devised property of hereditary fund not only to beneficiaries, but also to forced heirs (creditors) in appropriate shares.

Keywords: abuse of law, liability, beneficiaries, creation of an inheritance fund, corporate law, notary, hereditary fund, permissive basis, prospects for improvement, urgent problems

Abstract: This article carries out a comparative-legal study of the institution of regulatory sandboxes in the Russian Federation and Georgia. Based on the information acquired upon the request of the National Bank of Georgia, the author examines the normative regulation of regulatory laboratories of Georgia – Decree of the President of the National Bank of Georgia No. 110/04 of May 25, 2020 “On the Approval of Establishment of Regulatory Laboratories by the National Bank of Georgia and their Use", as well as its comparison with the federal law and normative acts that regulate experimental legal regimes in Russia. The application of comparative-legal methods allows determining the similarities and differences in legal regulation and practice of implementation of such institutions in the Russian Federation and Georgia. Description is given to the terminological differences in legislation on legal experiments of the two countries, as well as the differences in the model of legal regulation of the institution of experimental legal regimes: comprehensive regulation by means of the federal law and normative acts in the Russian Federation, and overall regulation solely by the Decree of the President of the National Bank of Georgia. Georgia allows experimental regulation applicable exclusively to financial technologies, while the Russian Federation allows for a broader scope of implementation. This substantiates the differences in the requirements of initiators and authorities that regulate such legal experiments. The conclusion is made on the more successful practice of implementation of legal experiments in the sphere of financial technologies in Georgia, despite the absence of special law or large array of developing legislation.

Keywords: smart regulation, legal regime, legal experiment, digital economy, digital innovation, regulatory laboratory, regulatory sandbox, experimental legal regime, comparative legal research, Georgia

Abstract:   The subject of this research is the procedure for imposing administrative fine on foreign citizens and stateless persons, with or without administrative expulsion. The object of this research is the public relations that arise in the process of bringing the indicated persons to administrative responsibility. The goal consists in formulation of the proposals aimed at amendment of the procedure for bringing foreign citizens and stateless persons to administrative responsibility in the Russian Federation in the conditions of digitalization of government actions. Recommendation is made to amend the procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility in case of violating the migration legislation of the Russian Federation. Considering the proactive approach of the government towards digitalization of the migration sphere, the author offers the development and implementation of the “Automated Information System for Migration Control”, which would acquire the personal records of a migrant (identity, marital status, fact of committing an offence, or other information affecting the imposition of penalty) from other automated information systems. The article substantiates the need for bringing foreign citizens to administrative responsibility by the internal affairs officials based on the suggestions of the indicated system, formed using the artificial intelligence technologies, namely machine learning. The author offers to implement the rating that in the instance of imposing administrative fine would allow calculating a specific amount, or in the instance of administrative expulsion –the accurate time limit for closing entry. Transformation of the procedure for bringing to administrative responsibility would lead to more equitable court decisions, eliminate the possibility of selecting the norm by an official at his own discretion, and reduce the burden on the courts.  

Keywords: artificial intelligence, administrative expulsion, automated information system, digitalization, social rating, foreign citizen, court, closing of the entrance, administrative responsibility, machine learning

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal norms aimed at regulation of relations in the sphere of protection of consumer rights with regards to online advertising, including contextual and targeted advertising, as well as other type advertising distributed over telecommunication networks. The object of this research is the social relations arising in the process of creation, placement, and consumer perception of the aforementioned types of advertising. Special attention is given to the theoretical and practical aspects of protecting the basic consumer rights in the context of distribution of the indicated types of advertising, as well as compliance to the corresponding legislative prescriptions by the advertisers, including prohibition to mislead consumers, requirement to distribute advertising over telecommunication networks after receiving advance consent of the consumer, etc. The article provides the examples of court decisions and decisions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation on consideration of the this category of cases. The novelty of this research consists in outlining the effective approaches of the courts and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation applicable to the essence, concept and relevant issues of legal regulation of online advertising in the context of protection of consumer rights, including controversial aspects of qualification of online advertising in accordance with the criteria of misleading or deception, as well as questions on due processing of consumer consent to distribution of advertising over telecommunication networks. The author makes recommendations for the improvement of corresponding norms of the Federal Law “On Advertising” and the Federal Law “On The Protection of Competition”, namely to stipulate on the legislative level the provisions that qualify advertising as inappropriate if contains potentially misleading or deceptive content, as well as that consent to receive advertising through telecommunication networks should be in a written form and contain the signature of the consumer.

Keywords: trademark, means of individualization, targeted advertising, contextual advertising, Internet advertising, network economy, consumer, competition, delusion, confusion

Abstract: The object of this research is the practice of the 2020 electoral campaigns in the Russian Federation, while the subject is the organization of nationwide voting upon the approval of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, election of the governor of Krasnodar Region, a number of municipal election campaigns on the territory of Krasnodar Region of September 13, 2020. The goal of this research is to determine the gaps in legal regulation and problematic areas based on the practice-oriented approach, results of semi-structured expert interviews that involved the members of municipal, territorial, and district election commissions, as well as overt observation carried out by the authors during election campaigns, analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice. The authors believe that the identified problems and gaps can be resolved and filled not so much within the framework of Electoral Code, as in the context of current improvement of the electoral legislation, which is of particular relevance at in the lead-up to the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly. The authors introduce proposals on electoral-legal codification, development of the principle of electoral federalism and the system of electoral legislation, organization of voter registration, procedures for nomination and registration of candidates, signatures collection in support of the candidates, financing of election campaigns, as well as implementation of innovations in electoral procedures tested in 2020.

Keywords: the election monitoring, financing of elections, candidate support, voter registration, all-Russian vote, the electoral code, referendum, elections, direct democracy, electoral rights

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the traditional structure of the Russian institute of mediation and its possible transformations in light of the provisions of the new draft law “On Settlement of the Disputes Trough Mediation in the Russian Federation". Based on the principle of historicism and systemic analysis, the authors consider the established structure of the Institute, and highlight the three stages in development: latent, euphoria and stagnation. It is assumed that such peculiarities of development are substantiated by its implementation “from the top”. The current state of the institute of mediation, despite the fact that it remains at the “initial” level of development, can be characterizes as a years-long stagnation. Therefore, the draft of the new Federal Law on Mediation, developed by the Ministry of Justice, which in case of enactment significantly changes the structure and functional concept of mediation, became the subject of intense discussion within the professional community, since the intended radical reform is planned to be implemented “from the top”, without consideration of the opinion of professional community and interested stakeholders. Having analyzed separate elements of the institute of mediation and changes therein, the authors came to the following conclusions. One of the three key reasons for the established situation in the area of mediation is the low level of professional qualifications of mediators; incompetence of mediators impedes conducting mass mediation and further development of the institute of mediation. The second reason consists in incompetence and disunity of the professional community of mediators, absence of an authoritative body nationwide. The third reason lies in discrepancy of the development of two vectors of mediation — traditional and academic as a special trend in reconstructive approach. The presented analysis allows reassessing the current state and potential of the Russian Institute of mediation, as well as forecasting further ways of its development.

Keywords: school reconciliation services, school mediation services, mediator's organizations, mediation approach, Institute of mediation, mediator, mediation, federal law, professional standard, prodessional education

Abstract: The object of this research is the determination of means of establishing the results of genomic research as the objects of intellectual property. The author analyzes the Russian normative legal acts regulating the questions of conducting genomic research and securing the rights to their results. The problem of absence of the universal definition and conceptual framework for genomic research in the national legislation is indicated. Analysis is carried out on the defended in legal community scientific positions pertaining to the need for separate consolidation and legal regulation of each type of product or organism that contains genes, or derivative from biomaterial, as well as the genes and genome themselves. The main conclusions consists in formulation and substantiation of the concept of “genomic research” and the results of genomic research. The original classification of the results of genomic research into static and dynamic is proposed. The author believes that the intellectual property law is most suitable for legal regulation and consolidation of the rights to results of genomic research. Inexpedience of determining each type of product or organism that creates or contains biomaterial as an object of intellectual property is substantiated. The author holds that the amendments to legislation should be introduced in exceptional circumstances when a new object possesses unique characteristics, and the existing tools of intellectual property law do not allow reflecting its specificity and protect the interests of its bearer.

Keywords: results of genomic research, object, innovation, intellectual property law, genomic research, genome, gene, civil law, static results, dynamic results

Abstract: The matter under research is the definitions of investor, investment and form of business entity and terms of admittance of foreign investments in the PRC economy based on the new Law on Foreign Investments of 2019. The researcher has carried out the legal analysis of the Law of 2019 in terms of investment activity. Special attention is paid to the legal regime of investments and investors in terms of nwe provisions set forth by the Law compared to the provisions of earlier effective Laws on Joint Ventures with Chinese and Foreign Capital of 1979, Joint Enterprises with Chinese and Foreign Capital of 1988 and On Enterprises with Foreign Capital of 1986. In the course of her research Belikova has applied such research methods as general dialectical, historical, comparative law analysis. The author bases her research on the idea of subjective-objective predetermination of processes and phenomena. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher analyzes the provisions of a new and long-awaited legal investment act in China. The researcher introduces materials, data and information that have never been mentioned in the Russian academic literature before. As a result of the research, the author concludes that China keeps on developing the investment law and approaches to investment activity. The reform that had been so much awaited for finally happened and time will show what practical results the reform will have for business entities and China's economic environment. 

Keywords: partnerships, companies, foreign-invested enterprise, foreign investor, new law, foreign investments, China, LLC, JSLC, LLP

Abstract: The matter under research is the new mechanisms that regulate environmental entreprneurship based on implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility. Environmental entrepreneurship is a topical trend of modern business law. The main goal at this point is to find organisational, economic and legal instruments that would guarantee the growth of the overall level of entrepreneurs' responsibility for compliance of their goods and services with environmental safety requirements. Mandatory regulation does not provide necessary results which determines importance of other forms of influence on business community. The research is based on the use of the comparative law method. The authors analyze the experience of foreign statse in implementation of the ISO standards and examine specific features of the process of B Corporation certification in the USA as well as reasons why European countries are adopting it now. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors prove efficiency of the use of foreign experience in implementation of a special business entity that functions on the basis of independent expert evaluation of social and environmental effects and assumes high social responsibilities. The experience of the foreign states can be useful for Russia, in particular, it may help to improve Russia's law-making model of social entrepreneurship and legalisation of environmental entrepreneurship.

Keywords: eco-oriented enterprises, corporate social responsibility, social entrepreneurship, socially useful company, environmental management, international quality standards, environmental entrepreneurship, legal form, business law, legal regulation

Abstract: The object of the research is the legal sphere of society's life. The subject of the research is the changes happening in the legal sphere of information society that, in fact, are the main features and peculiarities of such form of society. In his research Shaginov analyzes a number of researches in this sphere and describes the main features and trends thereof. He also analyzes changes in the legal sphere as a result of development of information society. The aim of the research is to analyze the legal sphere of the society at the new stage of society's development, to describe the main features and peculiarities thereof and to offer their classification. In the course of the research Shaginov has applied such research methods as dialectical analysis, content analysis, generalisation, comparison and systems approach. The novelty of the research is caused by the author's complex analysis of approaches to the legal sphere of information society. The need to regulate new relations that arise creates systemic changes in the society's legal sphere which allows to define its features at the new stage. The most fundamental principle is to ensure access to and distribution of global information. The main tendency is democratization. The author offers to divide features into groups depending on the scope of their application: informative, civil, and political. The researcher concludes that under the influence of informatization all spheres of society's life are changed which results in reformation of the legal sphere, creation of new branches of law and transformation of current branches. 

Keywords: democratization, informatization, legal regulation, civil society, the right to information, signs of the information society, legal relations change, legal policy, legal sphere of the society, information society

Abstract: The article is devoted to analysing the form of exercising the national right to self-determination within the Russian Federation. The author bases his article on the analysis of existing classifications of rights to self-determination and federal and regional laws and offers his own classification of rights to self-determination. In particular, he describes three basic forms of exercising the right to self-determination: creation of a federative constituent with a dominant ethnic group, creation of natioinal territorial and administrative divisions, and creation of national cultural autonomic units (non-commercial organisations) by ethnic groups that live in Russia. In order to carry out an in-depth analysis of execution of the right to self-determination, the author analyzes constitutions  of the republics that constitute the Russian Federation, as well as charters of national districts. The results of the analysis demonstrate such problems as irregularities of execution of the right to self-determination. At the international level self-determination is viewed as the right granted to all nations disregarding their status. However, in Russia national rights to self-determination vary a lot. Some ethnic groups have the right to execute their cultural and political rights to self-determination within the territory of a particular constituent of the Russian Federation while others have the right to preserve their culture and national identity only within independently established non-comnmercial organisations. At the end of the article the author makes a conclusion that there is a need to reform the national right to self-determination. 

Keywords: Konstitution, Self-determination of nations, Russian federative structure, Realization of the right to self-determination, Nation, Right of self-determination, Titular nation, National-cultural autonomy, National district, Republic

Abstract: The research subject is the modern problems of intangible benefits and personal non-property rights protection. With the development of information environment, new forms and types of offences have occurred, which trench on intangible benefits of citizens via the Internet. Such offences have become especially dangerous for people, and Internet-resources can be characterized as the source of increased danger. The author studies the problems of the so-called “commoditization” or “tradability” of some types of intangible benefits and personal non-property rights and the lack of legal grounds for the estimation of such circumstances as significant for the estimation of the compensation for moral injury. The research methodology is based on general scientific and specific methods and generalization of normative materials and judicial practice. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the task to analyze the new forms and types of trenching on intangible benefits and personal non-property rights in information environment and to offers the ways to solve the detected problems. The author elaborates the set of measures. He offers to use the approach to the analysis of intangible benefits and personal non-property rights based on the presence or absence of a specific power (right to consent); to introduce an alternative unified compensation for the infringement of intangible benefits and personal non-property rights (apart from compensation for moral injury); to divide compensation for moral injury into two types: the main and the qualified; to introduce the formalized minimum amount of compensation for moral injury. 

Keywords: compensation, Internet, source of increased danger, consent of a citizen, compensation for moral damage, personal non-property right, intangible benefits, sanction, responsibility, offence

Abstract: The article considers the fundamentals of legal regulation of a trust property participation certificate as a corporate uncertified security in the Law of Mexico. The author describes the trust property institution serving as a basis for such securities emission. Using the provisions of the current Mexican legislation, the author analyzes the legal nature of a trust property participation certificate, studies its details and requirements to trust property participation certificates. The author considers the current classifications of trust property participation certificates based on trust property, priority of payments and the possibility of securities cancellation. The research methodology is based on general scientific and specific research methods: the dialectical method, the method of categorial analysis, logical analysis and formal legal analysis, the historical method and the method of comparative jurisprudence. The study of legal regulation of trust property participation certificates as objects of private law helps ensuring the protection of interests of local investors and using positive practices in the national law. The study will be interesting for lawyers and other specialists in the sphere of securities of foreign states and civil lawyers in the sphere of private law of Latin American countries.

Keywords: commercial law, securities emission, trust, trust certificates, corporate securities, uncertified securities, securities, private law, Mexican law, Mexico

Abstract: The subject and the purpose of the article is the description of general tendencies of regulation of robotics in the world. The authors study the examples of the European Union, China, the USA, South Korea and Japan. The authors analyze the level of development of Russian legislation on robotics. The study characterizes the current state of robotics in Russia, analyzes legislative initiative about the regulation of activity of smart robots (robots-agents). The authors evaluate and substantiate the need for legal regulation of robotics in Russia and analyze the approaches to realization of the necessary regulatory reform. The research methodology includes the method of comparative jurisprudence and comparative analysis of legal systems of different countries for the purpose of detection of common tendencies of regulation of robotics in the world using the examples of the EU, China, the USA, South Korea and Japan. The authors substantiate the need for the earliest solution of the problem of legal regulation of robotics in Russia. The authors formulate the strategy of development of legislation in this sphere. 

Keywords: comparative legal analysis, development of legislation, draft law on robotics, robotics, international experience, robot, legislation, concept, legal regulation, research

Abstract: The research subject is bankruptcy laws in China, interpretations of people’s courts of China and scholar articles by Russian and foreign authors in this sphere. The research object is legal regulation of bankruptcy in the People’s Republic of China in its development. The author considers such aspects of the topic as the influence of China’s economic policy on law making in this sphere, the impact of foreign law, the peculiarities and problems of legal regulation of bankruptcy on different stages of development of the country’s political and economic systems. Special attention is given to the modern stage of development of China’s bankruptcy laws and the scope of the current Law on business bankruptcy. The research methodology includes the complex analysis of the legislation of the People’s Republic of China, regulating bankruptcy, using the comparative-legal, comparative-historical and formal-legal methods. The scientific novelty consists in the description of the development of bankruptcy in the historical and comparative-legal aspect from the position of the state’s economic policy in different periods of its development. The author outlines three main stages of development of bankruptcy laws: from the early 20th century to the establishment of the People’s Republic of China; the period of economic reforms from 1978 till 2006; the recent stage of bankruptcy regulation in accordance with the “Law on business bankruptcy”. Each of these stages reflects the socio-economic aspects of China’s politics and the impact of the experience of bankruptcy regulation in different countries, especially in the U.S. The author prognosticates the further development of the bankruptcy institution in the direction connected with the extension of the range of debtors, covered by bankruptcy laws, by the inclusion of private entrepreneurs.  

Keywords: People’s Court, Bankruptcy Law, economic reforms, legislation, China, financial insolvency, bankruptcy, bankruptcy procedures, enterprise, personal bankruptcy

Abstract: The article analyzes the problem of lack of preschool institutions and studies the regional practice of applying various models of state-private partnership in the sphere of preschool education. The authors outline three basic models of state-private interaction in the sphere of preschool education, based on concessions, state-private partnership agreements, and state-private interaction according to the model “Building-Sad” (“Building-Kindergarten”), which doesn’t entirely correspond with the concept of state-private partnership. In order to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the applied models of state-private interaction, the authors use logical, systems and statistical analysis. The results of the research demonstrate that involvement of private partners per se doesn’t guarantee budget resources saving. In the process of joint projects realization it is usually achieved by means of shifting the part of costs onto the consumers, or at the expense of loss of quality. The authors prove that under condition of shortening kindergarten wait-lists, the share of services of preschool institutions can be increased only by means of fiscal stimulus. 

Keywords: public private partnership, preschool education, subsidy, preschool educational institution, shortage of educational services, competition, concessions, investments, non-profit organization, budget cuts

Abstract: The subject of the research is the range of problem aspects of lawmaking as a legal phenomenon. The author reveals the positive and negative sides of the contemporary lawmaking changes, outlines the range of the most urgent problems. The leading idea is the idea of legal globalization. The article shows the importance of interrelation of the national and supranational legislation and the process of implementation as a necessary component of the national lawmaking improvement. The author offers the solutions for the tasks of the modern Russian lawmaking. The author applies the dialectical method of cognition, the system-structural, comparative-legal, formal-logical, historical and logical methods. The novelty of the research lies in the definition of the range of the considered issues. The author analyzes lawmaking as a legal phenomenon. The study attempts to understand the key problems of the contemporary lawmaking process and the ways of their solution in the nearest future taking into account the development of legal globalization. 

Keywords: lawmaking, legislation, law, legal globalization, legal regulation, implementation, harmonization of legislation, lex, understanding of the law, the effectiveness of law-making

Abstract: The object of studies involves legal means of formation and guarantees of the implementation of the state policy in the sphere of fighting corruption in the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. The goal of studies is finding optimum legal means for the formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of fighting corruption in the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation. The targets of the study involve analysis of the practice of legal regulation of the instruments in the sphere of fighting corruption in the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation, development of recommendations for the legal regulation of the instruments against corruption at the regional level and organization of this type of activities. The methodological basis involves an universal dialectic methodology of cognition, as well as some general and specific scientific cognition methods (comparative legal studies, analysis, synthesis). Scientific novelty is due to the fact that for the first time in the Russian legal science the author evaluates  legal means for the formation and guarantees of implementation of the state policy in the sphere of fighting corruption at the regional level. The practical value of the study is due to the development of proposals for the legal regulation of the main instruments against corruption in the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation and the main organizational legal means for the improvement of efficiency of such means.

Keywords: corruption, fighting corruption, anti-corruption propaganda, anti-corruption policy, anti-corruption monitoring, anti-corruption agitation, anti-corruption education, anti-corruption legislation, constituent subjects of the federation, legal regulation

Abstract: The article concerns history and modern practice of participation of representatives of various religious denominations in the activities of legislative bodies. Within the framework of Inter-Council Assembly of the Russian Orthodox Church on February 2, 2011 they have adopted a document entitled "Practice of Claims and Actions of Hierarchs, Clergy, Monks and Common People during the Election Campaings". While this document has suppored the pre-existing prohibition for the church clergy to take part in election, it has left a "loophole" for exceptions.  After that there was a widespread discussion on the possibility and necessity for the church clergy to take part in elections of various levels.  While writing the article, the author applied the special methods, such as historical legal method, comparative legal method and systemic method. Application of combination of the said methods has allowed for a comrehensive solution in order to achieve the goals and aims of the study. The author has analyzed the attitude of Russian religious organizations to the political activities. The conclusion is substantiated that the religious clergy sholud not take part in elections for the legislative bodies of constituent subjects. In the opinion of the author this type of activities is more suitable for the common people, who have active position and religious world view.

Keywords: politics, elections, Christianity, Islam, government bodies of constituent subjects, legislative power, religious organizations, secular state, deputy, political parties

Abstract: The article concerns the evolution of the ideas of public self-government in the traditions of the natural law doctrine, theory of the "free community", public theory, public economic theory, concept of  social law, dualistic theory of local municipal self-administration. The author identifies and distinguishes the terms "public self-government", "self-government", "local self-government", "territorial public self-government". The author provides elements of public self-administration, classifying the organizations based upon public self-government. The author also provides organizational and legal forms of public self-government provided for by the current Russian legislation, discussing the problems of natural public and self-government nature of territorial public self-government.  The article involves methods of analysis and synthesis of the natural law concept and theory of public self-government. The author also applies methods of formal legal and systemic analysis for the development of public administration doctrine  in the early modern and modern periods.  The recognition of natural law categories of justice, equality and freedom, as formed within the concepts of classical authors of philosophy of law and representatives of the public theories of local self-government  by most of the legal systems around the world actualizes and stimulates the growing interest towards the issues of participation of citizens in local self-government. The issues of activation of the public participation in territorial public self-government and improvement of legal regulation of this municipal legal institution become especially topical.

Keywords: self-government nature of power, public participation, self-government, territorial public self-government, public self-government, concept of public law, natural law, community, local self-government theories, natural law doctrine

Abstract: In the process of its formation in 1990s the Russian legal system actively used reception of the Western legal tradition. Reception of law is understood as adoption and introduction of the ideas, legal institutions, norms, terminology of the foreign law for the purpose of modernization of the legal system, gaining international authority or providing for political and economic dependency from other states. The Western legal tradition is a complex of legal ideas and theories, which were formed throughout the period of existence of the Western legal culture, and which are manifested by the liberalism ideology based on the following principles: individualism, instrumentalism, technologism, rationalism, pragmatism, political character, civility, lawfulness. Currently the Western legal tradition serves as a paradigm for the modernization of the legal systems within the states, which are not part of the Western civilization.  The methodological basis for the study was formed by the general scientific cognition methods (dialectics, analysis, synthesis, analogy, functional, systemic and structural approaches, abstraction and specification, linguistic analysis, as well as specific scientific and legal methods of studies: formal legal, comparative legal, technical legal methods, legal modeling, and special methods (sociological, psychological, anthropological, historical).Its scientific novelty is due to the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the modernization process as an element of information psychological warfare, in order to guarantee control over the situation on the post-Soviet territory. The scientific novelty of the article in general is due to the analysis of the reception of law, its goals, functions, system of principles from the standpoints, which were not used before.

Keywords: decorative reception, reception, law, Westernization, modernization, expansion , ideology, full-scale reception, political and legal myth, West

Abstract: The article provides some approaches towards constitutional and philosophical legal analysis of problems regarding privatization of socialistic property. Evaluation of privatization in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation is provided from the following standpoints: 1) departure from the constitutional provisions on equality of all people in court and under law; 2) violations of privatization legislation; 3) non-lawful (contradictory to the legal principle of formal equality) character of de-socialization of the socialistic property via its privatization.  From the standpoint of philosophical legal approach the author substantiates the thesis that the socialist property in principle may not be transferred from the state to private owners (privatized), since by its nature it belongs to the society and not to the state.  From that standpoint the author analyses the scientific and practical potential of the civilist concept - the concept of post-socialist social order, which is based upon the new form of individual (not public, and not private) property as a result of application of the legal principle of formal equality to the process of de-socialization of socialist property. The author substantiates the value of this concept for defining constitutional legal parameters for the social contract on property, without which normal economic and political legal development of the state is not possible.

Keywords: privatization, socialization, socialistic property, constitution, law, equality principle, justice, civilism, split, social contract

Abstract: This article concerns the modern legal bases for the formation and activities of the agricultural cooperatives in the Central and Eastern European states. The article contains historic legal analysis of the legislation of the Central and Eastern European states on land and agricultural reforms of 1980s, including liquidation and reorganization of cooperatives and state collectives. The author formulates the tendencies in land and agricultural reforms of the Central and Eastern European states. She notes negative consequences of cooperative reforms for the economy in general and agriculture in particular.  She discusses modern approaches to defining legal statuses of Eastern European agricultural cooperatives. Then the author draws the conclusions that the "new type" cooperatives from the classical cooperatives.  She formulates the causes for transformation of cooperatives into legal entities of different organizational legal forms.  The article includes models of possible regulation development in the sphere of formation and activities of agricultural cooperatives in the Central and Eastern European states.  Then she establishes the need to differentiate legal regulation of agricultural cooperatives. 

Keywords: cooperative legislation, new type of cooperative, agricultural cooperation, cooperative liquidation, land reform, agricultural reform, the Central and Eastern Europe, trade legislation, the European cooperative legislation, the European cooperative

Abstract: In the article "Novel features of the labor migration legislation: positive and negative features" the authors V.A. Volokh, and E.V. Volodin analyze one of the most topical current issues, that is the problem of establishing the need and quotes for the necessary number of foreign migrant workers brought to the Russian Federation.  Most of the experts including the authors of this article often noted the need to include significant changes into the existing order for the establishing the need and quotes according to the Government Resolution of December 22, 2006, N. 783. From January 1, 2014 the new rules adopted by a Government Resolution of September 12, 2013 N. 800 "On approval of the Rules for Proposition Preparation for Establishing the Need for Involvement of  Foreign Workers, Approval of Quotes for Provision of Invitations to Enter the Russian Federation for the Working Purposes and Quotes for Working Permits for Foreign Citizens". However, in the opinion of the authors, these Rules exclude direct participation of employers in the formation of propositions on the need to involve foreign workers, and this function is transferred to executive bodies. The existing situation requires the Ministry of Labour and Social Security to urgently form and approve the provisions for the formation of the need for foreign workers, including priority qualification groups, quotes for the invitations to enter the Russian Federation for the foreign citizens for the working purposes, quotes for working permits for foreign citizens, distribution of the said quotes, making their amount larger or smaller, and establishing the reserve for the quotes.

Keywords: migration, migration policy, migration legislation, labor migration, foreign workforce, needs, quotes, quoting, concept, provision

Abstract: The article concerns specific features of ethnical self-awareness within the context of the problem of peoples as subjects of modern law.  The author provides grounds for the perspectives of gradual recognition of the right of self-awareness of the peoples by the global community.  It is proven that the right of the people for self-awareness (the freedom of self-awareness of the people) is a primary collective natural right, since its implementation precedes appearance of rights of the people, including the right of self-determination of the people.  It is also proven that the freedom of self-awareness is key within the natural law approach to the institution of peoples, and its limitation due to the will of the state to define which social groups are peoples and which are not levels down the recognized rights of peoples, such as proprietary rights, right for counteraction, right to peace, etc.  In the opinion of the author due to the natural character of the factor of self-awareness of the peoples it should be gradually recognized by the global community.  It is shown that implementation of the freedom of self-awareness proves the presence (existence) of the people (including indigenous people) as a subject of international legal relations, and this subject may in future implement the rights (such as right to development, right to self-determination), which are recognized by the international community.

Keywords: jus gentium, collective rights, freedom of self-awareness, international law, global legal relations, self-determination, ethnic self-determination, collective conscience, self-awareness of peoples, subjective elements

Abstract: The article analyzes the legal basis for the relations between the state and civil society. The basic elements for the evaluation of these relations are constitution and de facto political regime in a state. The object of evaluation includes novelties of the Russian legislation in various spheres of civil society.  Much attention is paid to the controlling functions of the civil society. There is a gradual redistribution of competences previously belonging to the state bodies in favor of civil society institutions.  In the process of interaction between the state and civil society there appear structures necessary for a civilized dialogue, such as the Social Chamber of the Russian Federation, apear. The author evaluates the role of civil society in the reform of the judicial system, including the issues regarding the level of trust of the people in the judicial branch of power, its openness and accessibility for the people.  The legislative measures aimed towards strengthening of the state support for the political parties should include the provisions granting the citizens, who are not members of any political parties, freedom of choice when forming representative election bodies.  The article also concerns a number of other topical problems regarding interaction between civil society and state. The author formulates propositions for the guarantees of the optimum balance in the relations between state and civil society in order for the civil society to develop freely and efficiently.

Keywords: law, state, society, person, party, constitution, sovereignty, responsibility, judicial branch of power, the Social Chamber

Abstract: The article contains a conclusion on discriminatory nature of the category of "secondary job" in Russian labor law in the process of its formation and development.  Appearance of this category is due to the need to have strict control over a person by a state in all spheres of human life, including the working sphere, which is vital for sustenance.  The fact that the category of "secondary job" remains in the post-Soviet labor law is due to the inertia in the development in this sphere, and lack of detail of labor norms.  The vector of development of labor law should inevitably correspond with the generally recognized principles of international law, as reflected in the general legal principles of the Russian law.  The constitutionally enshrined general legal principles are generally reflected in the principles of the Russian labor law, however, they were not logically developed in specific labor law norms.

Keywords: international principles, constitutional principles, labor law, equality, discrimination, differentiation, secondary job, worker, primary job, regulation unity

Abstract: The reception of law is a necessary instrumetn for the development of the legal system. As a legal matter, reception is currently the most demanded instrument for the modernization of law.  It is due to the fact that legal system of all states have never been existing in isolation, and they do not do so now.  Then the state attempts to fight reception of law and cultural values in general the situation usually ends up in a complete failure for a state and degradation of a society.  The phenomenon of full-scale reception, which allows to resolve global issues, regarding internal and external challenges to the statehood, deserves special attention.  One of such challenges is crisis of statehood due to the need for modernization.  Such a need may be related to an external threat  of military or economic character. The full-scale reception of law in the framework of legal reforms becomes possible as a result of crisis of state and law. It may therefore be defined as a crisis model for reception.

Keywords: reception, the USSR, China, Roman law, the Fascist Germany, modernization, Hitler, Islam, Westernization, law

Abstract: Due to the upcoming global transfer of the world community to sustainable development, the author analyzes proposed conceptual and theoretical characteristics and specific features of a novel law, which is oriented towards our common "sustainable future".  Formation of a new law springs from the globalization tendencies, supremacy of law, and it  may be recognized as one of the mechanisms for the "sustainable transfer". It is also noted that legal understanding of sustainable development may and should follow through routes not limited to environmental law.  One may interpret this type of development through security guarantees, since sustainable development in its broad meaning may be regarded as the most secure, non-aggressive type of social development.  Within the perspective the sustainable development law is a novel formation, and it may be regarded as a higher quality and principle of formation of functioning of the entire system of legal norms, guaranteeing survival and further secure sustainable development of the civilization, rather than just another branch of law.  It is noted that a new branch of sustainable development legislation is being currently formed, and in combination with the international treaties and "soft law" (recommendations of the UN) it serves as a mechanism and a stimulator, gradually changing the entire global legal complex in the interests of efficient implementation of sustainable future strategy.

Keywords: security, sustainable development, globalization, supremacy of law, natural law, national security, sustainable law, sustainable development, environmental security, environmental law

Abstract: In this article the author analyzes the procedure for legalization of social organizations and political parties as a legal institution within the framework of constitutional order protection in Ukraine. The author pays attention to the need to distinguish civil law and public law approaches in defining the official procedure for provision of legal status for political parties and social organizations to social associations of people.  The author analyzes the value of this procedure in the relations between social organizations, political parties and the state.  Special attention is paid to the analysis of judicial practice of forced dissolution of associations of citizens in Ukraine, such as Sevastopol City Youth Association "Proryv", "Donetsk Republic", Kharkiv Regional Social Organization "Eurasian Youth Union", which were dissolved by court in 2006, 2007 and 2008 accordingly.  The author supports the position that legalization of social organizations and political parties plays an important role as a stability guarantee for the constitutional order in a state. 

Keywords: freedom of association, legalization, political party, social organization, protection of the Constitution, extremism, constitutional order, constitutional sanctions, party prohibition, dissolution of an organization

Abstract: Sustainable development is a future global process and the future of entire mankind and its fate in the new Millennium depend on it.  It is a new form (model) of global community development, which guarantees resolution of the key social and natural contradiction between the growing needs of global development and limitations, or even impossibility for  the biological sphere to meet these demands.  Unfolding in its future political, economic, environmental and social aspects through sustainable development, globalization  should provide its input into the resolution of the key social and natural and other contradictions of the global development, and thanks to this input it may be possible to meet the current and future demands.  The transfer to implementation of policies and strategies of sustainable development brings the humanity to a new mainly social and natural globalization stage, which is aimed towards unity of civilization, its preservation and co-evolution with the biological sphere.  The article concerns political aspects of globalization through sustainable development, and attention is paid to the fact that political dimension of emergent globalization falls behind economic and other elements of this global process.  The sustainable development strategy which is developed by the UN and its Member States,  seems to contain mostly political recommendations and declarations. Therefore, it is important to include into the starting process of managing "sustainable" globalization all of the key elements of this global strategy.  Sustainable development in the broadest sense is non-regressive, and secure development for the main humane goal of survival of humankind and preservation of nature.  The authors evaluate the role of state in implementation of globalization processes through sustainable development and study of the further evolution of the statehood phenomenon.  The authors pay special attention to the problems of environmental globalization, sustainable policy and its specific characteristics. 

Keywords: security, globalization, globalization processes, global problems, state, noosphere, national security, politics, sustainable development, environmental policy

Abstract: The article contains the analysis of the issues regarding development of law and state in Russia within the framework of interaction between person, society and states. The authors consider that interaction between persons, state and society should be regarded as one of national priorities, defining the model of development of state adn law in Russia in the XXI century. At the same time the model of development of state and law in Russia is a complex strategic program on evolution of the state and improvement of institutions of state and law.  The authors make the conclusion that the vector of development of state and law in Russia should be amended in accordance with the need to change the views on the interactions between persons, society and state, which influences the choice of their harmonious existence. One of the goals of the NGOs, and the civil sector is to involve citizens and social organizations into the implementation of state policy, to develop the mechanisms for its correction in order to achieve its correspondence with the interests of various social groups of people.  It is very important to find an optimum balance, since the public should not  be decision-makers, and the state servants should not be advisors.  However, the opposite approach, when the society has only deliberative function without any opportunity to influence decision-making is also not acceptable.

Keywords: state, civil society, person, society, political process

Abstract: The article concerns many topical problems regarding widening the scope of roles of constituent subjects of the Russian Federation in domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Federation. It is offered to improve the distinction between the competences of the Russian Federation and its constituent subjects, state bodies of various levels via legal and organizational measures. In particular, it is noted that the together with the federal constitutional provisions, the treaties between the Russian Federation and its subjects may efficiently implement legal regulation of federal relations in all the variable regions of Russia. Taking into account analysis of legislation, scholarly writing and practical work, speeches by state officials on the issues of separation of competences of various public bodies, the author offers to take specific measures in order to widen the scope of roles of constituent subjects of the Russian Federation in its domestic policy.  In order to make the foreign policy of the Russian Federation more efficient, the author also offers to broaden the scope of competence of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation in the sphere of international activities, and to provide for it legislatively.

Keywords: Constitution, constituent subject of the Federation, object of competence, separation of competences, treaty, agreement, domestic policy, foreign policy

Abstract: The authors examine the relationship and the difference between the historical and evolutionary approaches and come to the conclusion that the emergence of evolutionary branches in the global and political studies. Research shows relationship political and global processes and political globalism and global political science as mature forms of research and the world of global politics. The article on the theoretical and methodological level, we study the evolutionary approach to global research and discusses the evolution of the political process under the influence of global factors. The authors believe that globalism in its broad sense is studying global processes and systems, and explores their evolutionary globalism is a global development process. Global development and the evolution of co-evolution of global processes and systems is the main focus of evolutionary globalism.Also considered are the basic shape and the direction of evolution of political processes associated with globalization and other global processes. The problem of the formation of political and globalization as part of globalistics, the object of which is to identify the political patterns and trends in global processes and systems. The problem of the formation of global politics, and the formation of global development centered on the survival of civilization and the preservation of the environment.

Keywords: globalization, globalistics, global development, global administration, global processes, global evolutionism, political globalistics, historical approach, sustainable development, evolutionary globalistics

Abstract: The article "Labor migration: legislation and politics" is devoted to the topical problems of migration policy formation and legislation improvement in the sphere of labor migration. In the last 20 years Russian society and business faced both liberal approach towards labor immigration in late XX century, and strict administrative limitations in later years.  In the opinion of the author starting from the second half of 2006 the novel approach prevailed, and it relied upon the market mechanism in order to regulate labor migration, and to widen the scope of legal migration in accordance with the interests of social and economic development of Russia.  In 2007 the Federal Laws NN 109-FZ, 110-FZ of July 18, 2006, as well as some other acts entered into force, and the legislative regime of migration management in Russia changed considerably.  Additionally, on May 19, 2010 the Federal Law N 86-FZ "On amendments to the Federal Law "On legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation", the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and the Budget Code of the Russian Federation" established the specific features of legal regulation of labor activities of foreign citizens, being highly qualified specialists, and also persons who entered the Russian Federation via no visa procedure for hire by physical persons. The new Concept for the State Migration Policy for the period till 2025, which was adopted on June 13, 2012 by the President of the Russian Federation plays an important role.

Keywords: migration policy, legislation, immigration, migration registration, permit, labor migration, specialist, quota, patent, concept

Abstract: The author examines the search for more effective legal forms and methods of regulating social relations and the formation of the new scientific and legal ideas under the influence of global challenges and processes. Formation of world politics is closely linked to global processes and, in fact, may be viewed as a phenomenon of the global world. The same kind of processes of globalization characterized area of the law (as in real life, and in science), which is also in a sense, already "detached" from the state, generating a law that even in an international perspective is beginning to take on a global dimension. This global law movement is not "fairly exists a" current state of international law, and requires more and more global expansion, which, however, has its limits and features. Therefore, we will not go easy on the globalization of law as a linear expansion process, and its high-quality non-linear transformation in conjunction with the processes of globalization and the emergence of global governance.Given the author's vision of legal globalistics (global law), exploring the interrelated processes of globalization and become law-set of global rules. It is shown that the formation of a global law as a form of scientific knowledge re-lated to globalization as worldwide processes, however, it began to develop a much earlier understanding of the process of globalization. From the point of view of law as a specific set of special author prefers the name of global law, not legal globalistics. Discuss possible ideas about global law, and the alleged global transformations in law associated with the transition to a sustainable de-velopment of the world community as a global process. Particular attention is given to the establishment of the principles of global law, in particular the prin-ciples of globality and anticipation.

Keywords: globalization, legal globalization, globalistics, global law, global processes, space law, legal globalistics, sustainable law, sustainable development

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the problem of participation of the civil society institutions in the legal policy of a state as a form of expression of government by the people. The concept of law-making legal relations is introduced the into scientific circulation. The author also determins the scope of legal capacity of civil society subjects, them taking part in the law-making. A basis is founded for forms of participation in processes of actual law formation by both persons and public organizations. It is stated that more of responsible participation of civil society in legal development of the state should take place.

Keywords: civil society, government by the people, law-forming relations, law-making, legislative draft, law-making initiative, democratic elections, referendum, public hearings, public discussion

Abstract: The article is devoted to the most nettlesome issues of testimony in German criminal proceedings. The author of the article analyzes historical development of the witness status in German criminal law, the role of witness evidence in modern German criminial procedure law, witness' duties and rights to refuse from testimony. At the end of the article the author concludes that the main tendency related to regulation of witness' status in Germany since 1877 is democratization of associated legal regulations, first of all, those regulations which are on the list of witness immunuties. The obvious advantage of the German Criminal Procedure Code and legal doctine is the concrete division of witness' duties into categories and detailed legal regulation of witness' oath. 

Keywords: Witness, witness' duties, witness immunity, witness's oath, Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation

Abstract: Political advertizing on the Internet is a specific type of political communication, and it is actively used in an electoral process for the purpose of impact on electoral attitudes concerning political subjects or objects. The author of this article analysed political advertizing in the Internet based on an example of the Presidential election campaign in Russia in 2012. Vladimir Putin's victory was partially predetermined by more effective use of the Internet sphere for his campaign.

Keywords: Internet, political advertisement, election process, communication, electorate, strategy, election campaign, President, political technologies

Abstract: This article is devoted to the problem of implementiation of the principle of separation of powers in Russia at the present stage of development. The author analyzes the current Russian legislation regulating the position of the judiciary and judges. The practical functioning of the judicial system was considered, and the author  identified gaps in the legal field on this issue. The point is that today the judiciary is clearly not managing its primary function - containment and restriction of the legislative and executive authorities, the implementation of legal control over their activities, and there is a need to change the legislation of Russia on the basis of universally recognized principles of international law.

Keywords: irremovability of judges, independency, separation of powers, judicial reform, influence, judicial elections