Abstract: This article analyzes the memorandum "Our Present and Future Military Policy in Russia" dated November 13, 1918 as a factor in the policy of British intervention in Russia in November–December 1918. Its author was the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Henry Wilson, one of the most influential figures in the top leadership of the United Kingdom. The memorandum contained his point of view on the past, present and future of the British intervention policy in Russia. Due to its significance and informative value, this document is the object of research, the subject is its content as a factor of British intervention in domestic Russian affairs in November — December 1918. The author of the article aims to reveal the influence of the memorandum of the head of the Imperial General Staff on the policy of British intervention in Russia during this period. The work used retrospective, systemic and narrative methods. Thanks to them, the process of development of British politicy in November – December 1918 is shown; the relationship between the content of the document and the military-political situation, as well as their mutual influence, is presented; the content and nature of the memorandum are reflected in sufficient detail, focusing on the most important aspects for the topic of the work. The involvement of this document in the study of British intervention policy makes it possible to expand and deepen it, as it demonstrates the complex process of shaping this policy in detail, which gives the work a scientific novelty. The main conclusion of the study is that the main problems of Great Britain regarding interference in internal Russian affairs after the Armistice of Compiegne were the prevention of potential German influence in Russia and the containment of Bolshevism. Mr. Wilson proposed, as a modernized form of British intervention policy, to provide assistance to the newly formed states in the former Russian Empire and the Russian anti-Bolshevik forces to solve these two problems. The contents of the memorandum of the Head of the Imperial General Staff strongly influenced the decision of the War Cabinet of the United Kingdom to continue and strengthen the intervention policy in November–December 1918.

Keywords: H. Wilson, Imperial General Staff, War Cabinet, Great Britain, Bolshevism, intervention, Civil War, Armistice of Compiègne, First World War, D. Lloyd George

Abstract: The history of the Russian Civil War is reflected in historical events that go beyond the time parameters of the war itself. The defeat of militaristic Japan in September 1945 put an end to its aggressive plans in Asia and the Far East. This activity by Japan was condemned by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, known as the Tokyo Trial. The trial examined Japan's criminal actions against the world since the early 30s in Asia, when it took the path of aggression towards neighboring states. The court materials also contained documents, an affidavit – the protocol of the interrogation of another trial that took place in August 1946 in Moscow over the leaders of anti-Soviet White Guard organizations, ataman of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army G.M. Semenov and his associates. The Moscow trial was based on materials revealing the cooperation of participants in the anti-Bolshevik camp with the Japanese authorities in Manchuria, aimed at undermining the Soviet state. But along with them, the trial in Moscow became another confirmation of Japan's hostile actions towards Russia during the civil war. From the above-mentioned facts, it becomes obvious that the Japanese authorities actively participated in anti-Soviet activities in the Far East during the period of military and political confrontation in Russia. These actions, confirmed during the Moscow process, are a serious challenge to Russian-Japanese relations and create tensions between the two countries. The trials in Moscow and Tokyo, which were the result of the policy of the Japanese authorities, recall the complex history of relations between Russia and Japan. These processes also indicate that even in the modern world there are claims and contradictions related to history and the impact of current events on the future. In general, the events described in the text emphasize the fact that history and politics are closely intertwined, and that only through constructive dialogue and cooperation can peaceful conflict resolution be achieved and the well-being of both countries and their peoples be ensured.

Keywords: subversion of the Soviet state, Military Tribunal, history and politics, History of the Civil War, anti-Bolshevik forces, militarism, intervention, the Civil war, International military tribunal, affidavit

Abstract: The article examines the development of the Sevastopol garrison during the first half of the XIX century, partially touches on the events of the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the defense of Sevastopol (1854–1855). Given the fragmentary nature and poor knowledge of the subject in domestic research, the main emphasis was placed on the period from 1830 to 1850. During this historical period, active work was underway to transform not only the civilian infrastructure of the city, but also the military. The subject of the study is the garrison of the 1st class fortress Sevastopol. The object of the study is the dynamics of changes in the composition of garrison troops and the construction of military control bodies in Sevastopol, as well as the land defensive line. The purpose of the study is to examine the little-studied pages of the history of Sevastopol in the first half of the XIX century. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach. Both general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and specialized ones were used in the work. Specialized ones include high-quality content analysis. It was revealed that during the entire period under review, a large garrison was present in Sevastopol, as part of the 1st Infantry Division (13th Infantry Division of the 5th Infantry Corps), which was due to the status of Sevastopol as a fortress of the 1st class. However, the level of organization of the military infrastructure, the weak development of the logistics system, as well as the absence of a land line of defense testified to the inconsistency of the fortress with its status on the eve of the Crimean War. The 13th Infantry Division in Sevastopol, in addition to carrying out guard duty, was actively involved in construction work, which led to regular disputes between civil and military authorities. Experienced combat officers, some of whom were veterans of the Patriotic War of 1812, became commandants of the Sevastopol fortress. The composition of the parade ground majors and adjutants in Sevastopol was subject to constant rotation.

Keywords: Commandants of the fortress of Sevastopol, Sevastopol fortress, Black Sea region, First Defense of Sevastopol, Crimean war, 5-th infantry corp, Sevastopol garrison, 13-th infantry division, Sevastopol, Crimea

Abstract: The subject of the research is to identify the changes that occurred in the activities of teachers in the Krasnoyarsk Territory during the WWII. The mass composition of this professional group, which worked both in the city and in the countryside, however, was not the subject of a special study. The main attention is paid to regional peculiarities, which make it possible to assess the effectiveness of the state policy of the period under study. The attention of the party and state bodies to the education system did not weaken during the war years, which cannot be said about the care of teaching staff, due to the objective and subjective conditions of the period under study. The identification of an array of typologically diverse historical sources in the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which were first introduced into scientific circulation, makes it possible to obtain answers to a number of key questions of teachers' daily practice. The research methodology is based on the principles of a critical understanding of the activities of the party-state bodies for the social protection of teachers in the region. The historical and anthropological method made it possible to reconstruct the working and living conditions of a mass professional group, their impact on the results of activities aimed at solving state tasks facing the education system during the period under study. Due to limited material resources, the decisions of higher authorities were not fully implemented in the region, however, control over the implementation of the Law on Universal Education and Patriotic Education of Students was systematic. In the context of the mass conscription of the region's population into the Red Army, the teachers who remained in the province were overloaded not only with the academic load, but also with socio-political, cultural and educational work with the population, participation in agricultural work, etc. All this had a negative impact on the quality of education, the moral and psychological state of teachers. The teaching staff courageously overcame material and household problems along with the entire population of the region, while maintaining dignity and the status of professional affiliation. Therefore, during the war years, a significant number of teachers were awarded high state awards.

Keywords: general education, instructions, awards, coupons, cards, deficit, supply system, production daily life, special settlers, prices

Abstract: The work is devoted to the analysis of the historical development of the state security agencies of Russia, from the moment of their creation in 1917 to the present. The relevance of the research is due to the high historical and institutional importance of security agencies for the Russian state, their influence on political processes, economic development and cultural life of the country. Of particular importance is the analysis of the adaptation of services to modern challenges and threats in the context of political instability and reorganizations.The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Russia's state security agencies over the course of more than a hundred years of their existence, identifying patterns and continuity in their activities, and evaluating the effectiveness of services during critical periods of history. The subject of the research is the stages of formation, development and reform of the state security bodies of Russia, their structure, functions, working methods, role in ensuring national security and influence on political and socio-economic processes in the country.The research methodology consists of a historical and legal analysis of regulations, archival materials and scientific publications, a comparative analysis of various periods of development of security agencies, and the study of biographies of key figures involved in the development of the services. The novelty of the research is a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the evolution of Russian state security agencies over more than a hundred years of their existence, covering the periods: pre-war (1917–1941), war (1941–1945), post-war before the collapse of the USSR (1946–1991) and modern (from 1991 to the present). Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of political leaders, historical events and socio-economic factors on the formation and development of security agencies. The modern structure and functions of the Federal Security Service are the product of a long historical development reflecting the specifics of state building and the evolution of the national security system of the Russian Federation. Throughout history, the State security agencies, despite numerous reorganizations, have maintained their continuity and played an important role in ensuring the security of the country. The principles of the FSB's activities are based on the traditions laid down by its founders and leaders, including the unity of the system of bodies, centralization of management, legality and humanism. The flexibility and adaptability of the system is noted, as well as the high professionalism and dedication of the staff.

Keywords: establishment of the service, historical figures, reforming the services, modern period, post-war period, wartime period, pre-war period, ensuring security, Russian state, state security agencies

Abstract: The subject of the study is a set of measures taken by the government of the Russian Empire under Alexander II and aimed at resolving national conflicts and contradictions through the prism of religion. The author also considered the influence of foreign policy and regional factors. The purpose of the study is to characterize the correlation of the confessional factors in the politics of Alexander II. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the general situation of the Gentiles in the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century; to consider the main confessional conflicts and their features in the country; to determine the influence of the foreign policy factor on the national policy of Alexander II; to characterize the relationship between the decline of the Orthodox Church and the change in government policy towards gentiles. A systematic research method was applied in the research, taking into account the use of various religious, political and social factors in forming conclusions. The principle of historicism was also applied in the research, taking into account its development in the context of time. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the government of the Russian Empire was unable to develop a consistent policy towards non-believers. Wanting to stop national and religious conflicts, it rushed from one extreme to the other, eventually settling on strict regulation of the activities of non-believers, cutting off contacts with their religious centers and adopting a course of personal loyalty to the emperor of the Russian Empire. So gradually the religious aspect in the life of the country gradually faded into the background, both for the Orthodox and for the Gentiles themselves. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of more factors and problems than in previous works on this topic. The research materials can be used in textbooks and further research on the confessional and national policy of the Russian Empire.

Keywords: Protestantism, Buddhism, Religious education, Brotherhood, Holy Synod, Religious procession, Mufti, Monastery, The Polish Uprising, Judaism