Ethnography and ethnology
Reference:
Iliasov L.M.
On the issue of the methodology of the study of petroglyphs of medieval architectural structures of the North Caucasus
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 5.
P. 1-10.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.5.70588 EDN: OYIWOP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=70588
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the problems of the methodology of the study of petroglyphs of architectural structures of the North Caucasus. The author considers methodological approaches to the interpretation of their semantics, taking into account the dual nature of petroglyphs of architectural structures, which, on the one hand, are a special cultural phenomenon with their pictorial traditions and a set of symbols, and, on the other, genetically go back to rock art, respectively, possessing the properties of rock paintings. The author believes that, interpreting the semantics of petroglyphs and their compositions, it is very important to take into account the historical context in which they were created and consider their significance in line with religious traditions relevant to the population of that era. According to the author, epic formulas or ideograms that originate in rock art play a special role in deciphering the meaning of petroglyphs of architectural structures, and in petroglyphs of architectural structures they acquire a specific character due to a narrow set of sacred symbols. The methodological basis of the research is a set of general historical, ethnographic and archaeological research methods, the use of which is determined by the nature of the material being studied. The author believes that, despite the difficulties of interpreting petroglyphs of architectural structures associated with the reconstruction of religious and mythological representations of the ancient population, it is a certain set of sacred symbols and their compositions, as well as epic formulas, that are the key to their deciphering. Petroglyphs of architectural structures have their origin in ancient rock art, which makes it possible to use in their research, including methodological techniques for studying rock paintings, the historiography of which has almost 150 years and a huge number of scientific monographs and articles. At the same time, the petroglyphs of medieval buildings in the North Caucasus possessed expressive self-sufficiency, which allowed the peoples of the region to use it to fix their religious, mythological and social traditions for transmission to the next generations.
Keywords:
visual traditions, mythology, religious ideas, methods of studying petroglyphs, petroglyphs of architectural structures, rock art, epic formulas, religious buildings, medieval folk architecture, North Caucasus
Culture and cultures in historical context
Reference:
Efimenko N.A.
The ethnic aspect of the Yuan Empire’s liquidation
// Genesis: Historical research.
2024. ¹ 5.
P. 11-19.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2024.5.40644 EDN: TJZTZP URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=40644
Abstract:
This paper examines the importance of Chinese ethnicity through the example of the historically first dynasty named the Yuan Dynasty, where the rulers were nomadic conquerors and not of Han descent. The aim of the paper is to explore the ethnic aspect of the process of liquidating the Yuan Empire and the importance of the unity of the Chinese people. The methodology of the paper includes the use of different resources, including chronicles, historical research and sources showing the realities not only from the Chinese side, but also from the Mongol side. This approach makes it possible to consider the issue from both sides and obtain more objective conclusions. The results show that the importance of the unity of the Chinese people became evident as early as the Han era, when the concept of "Han man" became politically significant. For the first time, cultural attributes were no longer the only factor uniting people, and nationality became crucial to the unity of the state. The scope of the work includes the study of Chinese history, ethnic relations and nationality issues. The novelty of the work lies in the use of different sources and consideration of the issue from different angles, which allows for a more complete picture of historical process. The conclusions of the paper emphasise the importance of nationality as a sign for state unity and show that national problems can become a factor that can weaken and destroy even the most powerful states.
Keywords:
China, ethnic aspect, Mongols, nationality, Yuan Empire, ethnicity, Han, Chinese history, Chinese culture, ethnic conflict