Abstract: The subject of the research is 10 mnemonic lists presented in the "Art of Memory" section of Bruno's treatise "De umbris idearum" (1582). The author examines each of the 10 lists in detail. The article begins with general information about Bruno's work, a review of literature, and the state of research on the problem. Special attention is paid to identifying the goals and practical tasks of creating the lists and the principles of their formation. The author demonstrates how to use the lists for "memoria verborum". It is explained which techniques Bruno proposed for encoding words that include closed syllables or consonant clusters. The article is accompanied by a translation of the lists from Latin into Russian. Methods: The main research methods are the author's translation of Bruno's lists, the method of historical-philosophical reconstruction, and the hermeneutic method. Results: The original structure of the lists was reconstructed, and the goals of their creation were identified. The main principles of their construction are shown: 1) The 150-line lists are arranged according to a "group of five" scheme and marked with two-letter elements. Each of the 30 "groups of five" has 23 Latin letters, four Greek letters, and three Hebrew letters as the first element. The second element uses a repeating pattern of 5 Latin vowels. 2) The list of characters and the list of actions are divided into "groups of five” indicated by the aforementioned vowels, according to their occupations, from the simplest (agriculture) to science and philosophy. Each " group of five " is led by a "standard-bearer" who is responsible for one of each of the 30 letters of the three-language alphabet. 3) All lists are constructed according to 5 sets of mnemonic elements: 1. characters (agentes), 2. actions (actiones), 3. characteristics (insignia), 4. objects (circumstantia), and 5. additional objects (adstantia). Novelty: In addition to the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the lists, the novelty of the research also includes the first translation of these lists from Latin into Russian, performed based on critical editions of the text, and the provision of clear examples of list usage accessible to the modern reader. The results of the work can be used for further research into the mnemonic component in the works of Giordano Bruno.

Keywords: art of memory, mnemotechnics, mnemonics, list, memory, memoria verborum, memoria rerum, syllables, images, astral magic

Abstract: The subject of this research is the philosophical polemics between Buddhism and Indian School Nyaya- Vaisheshika on the question of the existence and characteristics of an actor as it presented in the 8th book Vasubandhu's "Abhidharmakosa-Bhasya" (IV-V centuries) – “Pudgalavinishchaya”.It is one of the polemic compositions regarding the existence and characteristics of an actor, in which found their reflection the discussions of that topic between the “Orthodox” Buddhists on one hand, and Buddhists-“Heretics” (Pudgalavadin), Nyaya- Vaisheshikas, philosophers-grammarians, Sankhyaikas on the other hand. The article uses the comparative-historical method, comparative analysis, popular methodology of philosophical translation from Sanskrit into the Russian language. Vaisheshikas acknowledge the existence of the eternal irrevocable atman. The main argument of Vasubandhu is that if it did exist that the states of mind also will be eternal and irrevocable, which, apparently, does not correspond with the reality. On the contrary, the states of mind (citta) are momentary, because consist of the momentary dharma, generating from each other in cause-and-effect relation (within the flow of volatile dharma). The scientific novelty lies in conducting the first translation from Sanskrit into the Russian Language of a substantial chapter from “Pudgalavinishchaya" of Vasubandhu with the commentary of Yashomitra, dedicated to the question of the existence of the actor, as well as philosophical analysis of the provided fragment of the text.

Keywords: Vasubandhu, Pudgalavinishchaya, Yashomitra, self, non-self, atman, anatman, subject, Vaisheshika, Vaisheshikas

Abstract: The subject of this article is the philosophical polemics between Buddhism and Indian School of Nyaya-Vaisheshika on the question of existence and qualities of an actor as it presented in the chapter Atmapariksha (literally, "Study of the Atman") in Shantarakshita’s Tattvasamgraha). Shantarakshita is a Buddhist philosopher of the VIII century, one of the prominent Buddhist thinkers in India and Tibet, a representative of the school of Svatantrika-Madhyamaka. An outstanding oeuvre of Shantarakshita is "Tattvasamgraha" ("Compilation of Essential Problems", or "Compendium of Principles"). It is an extensive polemic work, containing 26 chapters that subject to criticism the identical number of the fundamental philosophical schools of India (Sankhya, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimansa, Lokayata, Yoga, Vedanta, and also Jainism and Buddhism of other schools). The author concludes that the key postulate of the Nyaya-Vaisheshika regarding the actor lies in the fact that for the mental phenomena (for example, desire, etc.), which are considered as qualities within its system, necessitates the presence of a certain substrate, namely Atman. Shantarakshita, in turn, criticizes the position of the Nyaya-Vaisheshika that the numerous perceptions are comprehended by "self" and, therefore, pertain to the same actor. This article is first to introduce translation from Sanskrit into the Russian language of a substantial passage from Shantarakshita’s Tattvasamgraha with commentaries of Kamalashila dedicated to the question of the existence of actor, as well as philosophical analysis of the aforementioned fragment of text.

Keywords: Anatman, subject, Shantarakshita, Kamalashila, Tattvasamgraha, Self, non-Self, refutation of subject, subjectivity, atman

Abstract: This article discusses the possible ways of improvement of the existing translations of Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” into the Russian language, as well as underlines the necessity to consider the stylistic specificities of description of the experience of consciousness in transmission of Hegelian thought. Special attention is given to the problem of status of the philosophical categories in Hegel’s text, correlation between the speech of observing consciousness and observed consciousness, ways of distinguishing in narration of the subject of consciousness (existence) from its certainty (knowledge). Because of this, the conceptual foundation for the crucially new translation of the “Phenomenology of Spirit” is being established.  The methodology of this research is based on the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the dialogical character of “Phenomenology of Spirit”, consideration of the grammar and stylistic peculiarities of the German and Russian languages, as well as analysis of the role of the philosophical categories in the modern philosophical discourse.

Keywords: Russian translations of «Phenomenology», structure of subject of «Phenomenology», dialogical character of «Phenomenology», categories in «Phenomenology», experience of consciousness, forms of consciousness, German philosophical language, Russian philosophical language, specificities of the Russian grammar, specificities of the Russian stylistics

Abstract: The translation from the Persian language of the main the syuzhetoobrazuyushchikh of fragments of the major monument of the Persian sufiysky philosophical tradition - the philosophical poem "The Speech of the Birds" (Mantik at-tayr) Farid of ad-Din Attar Nischapuri (the XII-XIII centuries) is presented in article, and also are considered a number of questions, connected with studying of a literary heritage of Attar: disputes on number of the literary works written to them are conducted, there is no accurately established chronology of writing of compositions, besides, there are some poems attributed to Attar however there are no direct historical evidences that their author he. In research philological methods, and also the historico-philosophical and conceptual analysis of the text that allows to define strategy of interpretation of a number of poetic constructs (such as "soul bird", by "Simurg", "valleys") are used mainly thanks to which Attar opens the maintenance of important concepts of medieval sufiysky philosophy. Novelty of research consists first of all in translation from the Persian language of the medieval poem "The Speech of the Birds" (with a total amount about 800 couplets) relating both to poetry masterpieces and to the most authoritative works of sufiysky thought in tradition. This composition was repeatedly translated into the European languages (Garsen de Tassi, Edward Fitzgerald, D. Davies and. A. Darbandi, P. Everi) and Arab (M. Dzhum'a). The translation of separate parts of the poem into Russian and its partial retelling was executed by domestic iranist E.E. Bertels and A.E. Bertels. Only in 2006 the translation "Parables about the sheikh San'ana" from the poem "The Speech of the Birds" was published, and in 2009 — the translation of the poem executed by M. Borzui into Russian under the name "Logic of Birds" is published. However this translation of the poem is incomplete and is almost completely deprived of the scientific comment. In this regard the author counted necessary to make own translation of considerable part of this philosophical monument that will allow further more objectively and fully to cover philosophical ideas of Attar and to define his place in the context of Islamic medieval philosophical tradition.