Abstract: The subject of the study is critical thinking. The article is devoted to the study of the role of critical thinking in modern communication conditions. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of using critical thinking skills in countering manipulative influences both in the professional sphere and in personal communicative interaction. The article substantiates that critical thinking is one of the most important skills in the modern world; the importance of critical thinking skills for effectively processing large amounts of incoming information, as well as for building successful communication, is clarified; the specifics and features of the application of critical thinking skills in the context of communicative interaction are considered; the role of logical as well as rhetorical components in communication is substantiated; options for countering communicative manipulations and incorrect communicative influences are proposed. The article uses methods of comparative analysis, contextual analysis, synthesis, generalization, classification, as well as the logical method. The article proposes a division of communicative goals according to the type of statements. Particular attention is focused on analyzing the situation of the motivating communicative goal. The article clarifies the meaning of the following concepts: communication, 4K competencies, critical thinking, non-critical thinking, manipulation, logical, psychological and rhetorical argumentation strategies, communicative purpose, rhetoric, ad hominem arguments, ad rem arguments, deductive inferences, inductive inferences. The article proposes methods and tools for strengthening the skills of building effective communicative interaction. Methods of countering manipulative communicative influences are also analyzed both from the point of view of logical science and rhetorical skill. The article will be useful for both undergraduate and graduate students studying rhetoric, argumentation theory, communication techniques, and a wide range of readers.

Keywords: 4K competencies, arguments ad rem, arguments ad hominem, logics, manipulations, Communication, Communicative goal, Uncritical thinking, Critical thinking, rhetoric

Abstract: This article conducts a historical-theological analysis of compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism with Christianity. The relevance of this question is substantiated by the ongoing polemics on the subject matter, which is directly related to the social structure. The historical-theological aspects are examined on the basis of critical study of the historical-philosophical works and historical documents on the topic. An attempt is made of systemic analysis of the subject under review. Three questions are examined: communalization of property, ethics, and justice. For comprehensive examination of this topic, the author provides the views of the opposing sides, texts of the Holy Scripture, and opinions of the Fathers of Orthodox Church. The novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first to examine certain documents the context of the indicated problem. The author also presents a more in-depth historical-theological analysis of the comparison of Marxism-Leninism and Orthodox Christianity, of compared to other existing research. The goal consists in consideration of the historical documents and historical-theological works on the topic. The conclusion is made that despite seeming similarity of certain provisions, Marxism-Leninism is incompatible with Christianity. From the theoretical perspective, socialism, in case of eliminating all contradictions, could have exist in symbiosis with Christianity. However, by no means such socialism would be founded on Marxism-Leninism.

Keywords: the image of God, terror, justice, morality, capitalism, socialism, Marxism-Leninism, Christianity, Orthodoxy, letter from Chernov

Abstract: This research is dedicates to the discussion of V. V. Slyusarev and T. M. Khusyainov with V. A. Kutyrev on his new book “The Owl of Minerva Flies at Twilight” (selected philosophical texts of the XXI century; SPb “Aleteya”, 2018). The article considers the impact of the unfolding Fourth Industrial Revolution upon the future opportunities of humans. V. A. Kutyrev leans on the conservative representation on human as a patrimonial creature, whose corporeal nature conflicts with the scientific and technical progress. The author examines admissibility and boundaries of transformation of human due to the innovative technologies. The discussion contains the analytical and hermeneutic methods, comparative and critical approaches of philosophizing. V. A. Kutyrev defends the anthropo-conservative vector in philosophy, which key value is the human in combination of his manifestations as biological, social, and creative being. It is demonstrated that the modern trends (digitalization, feminization, and effacing of boundaries between genders, and transformation of philosophy into STS) lead to degrading of human, reducing his biological and creative beginnings to the minimum. In order to retain human identity, it is necessary to establish the system of conscious control over technological development, in the context of which the philosophy must exercise not only methodological, but also axiological role.

Keywords: information, Owl of Minerva, STS, creativity, progress, technology, philosophy, Kutyrev, anthropo-conservatism, human

Abstract: The subject of this research is the increasing disruption in sustainability of the Earth biosphere, associated with the fact that the system of direct and opposite connections of natural processes is not able to manage the conditions for the existence of living creatures. The central problem, upon which depends the sustainable development and even existence of human population, consists in the restoration of balance between the volume of the extracted natural resources alongside the volume of waste products and the ability of nature to reestablish equilibrium. Namely such equilibrium ensures the ability of biome to preserve the conditions necessary for the existence of living creatures on Earth. The article considers the published over the recent years works of the Russian and foreign authors pertaining to the problem of sustainable development. The main conclusion lies in the fact that the expansion of human activity beyond the biological capacity of Earth inevitably leads to the point of bifurcation, as a result of which, the nature will most likely rid itself of human population. There are yet no ways for resolution of this issue, but the need for the change of paradigm of socioeconomic development is rather evident. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that unlike the trends within the Western scientific literature and politics, namely the presented approach is an intrinsic condition of survival for the earth dwellers.

Keywords: Preservation of human population, Convention on climate change, Climatic models, Nature-society system, Management of public consciousness, Consumer society, Resource efficiency, Global warming, Destruction of habitat, Sustainable development

Abstract: S.G. Ilinskaya's article represents a reflexive response to the monograph "Cultural Distinctions and Political Borders during the Era of Global Migrations" written by famous Russian fighter against racism and xenophobia – V. S. Malakhov, whose attempt to look at the phenomenon of transnational migration over the state frontiers has, in the reviewer’s opinion, along with the advantages also some essential omissions.The category of migration is studied by author through techniques of political Conceptology. As the methods of investigation were used comparative, critical method, and methods of analytic philosophy. The main conclusion of the study is the exhaustion of modern liberal concept of migration.

Keywords: national state, cultural capital, social policy, cultural identity, civil identity, consumer society, authentic social models, migrations, exploitation, sovereignty