Abstract: Sociocultural processes, political situation and cultural contacts in the Mediterranean countries substantiate the relevance of development of the humanities section in Mediterranean Studies. The author discusses the problem on the advancement of Mediterranean Studies in Russia and abroad, as well as indicates the key questions faced by the scholars of Mediterranean Studies at the initial stage of analytical work. The object of this research is the establishment methodological framework of Mediterranean Studies in the sphere of humanities. The subject is the concepts of prominent theoreticians in the field of Mediterranean studies (D. Abulafia, R. Clement, S. Stroumsa, N. Bouchard, F. Braudel, H. Pirenne). The goal consists in determination of the relevant problems and approaches toward studying the Mediterranean Region. Due to the fact that in the Russian Science close attention is given to natural scientific vector of Mediterranean Studies, there are virtually no research on the development of Mediterranean Studies in the sphere of humanities, and namely culturology, which defines the scientific novelty of this work. The main conclusion consists in the analytical overview of the state of Mediterranean Studies in Russia, as well as in explication of foreign theories that reveal the concept of the “Mediterranean” and approaches towards its examination. This work can attract the attention of translators to the research bases of foreign centers of the Mediterranean Studies, contribute to scientific communication, as well as designate the topic for international research projects in the area of culturology, history, and international relations in Russia.

Keywords: cultural identity, polyethnicity, multiculturalism, cultural studies, Center for Mediterranean Studies, Mediterranean Studies, Black Sea, the Mediterranean, Mediterranean Sea, cultural contacts

Abstract: The object of this research is the phenomenon of ethnographic reality viewed as a multiculturological and national environment, which produces and forms the separate, small and large ethnoses that existing in close and multifaceted cooperation with each other, within the limits of a specific geographical space (Taymyr Peninsula and Krasnoyarsk Region). The subject area is defined by the historical stages of development of the ethnographic reality of the indigenous people of Taymyr, analyzed in terms of the typological interaction of various cultural systems. Special attention is given to the natural and climatic factors of the establishment of relevant situation of ethnographic reality, as well as such historical phenomenon as the Russian colonization of Siberia in the XVI-XIX centuries, which greatly affected the examined processes. In the course of this work, the author applied the general philosophical methods based on the dialectical principles of unity and struggle, development factors of ethnographic reality of the indigenous people of Taymyr, as well as transition of the quantitative changes into qualitative transformation that led to determination of the presented development stages. Highly demanded became the conceptual apparatus of climatological sphere of research regarding the description of primary factors of development of the relevant situation of ethnographic reality and synthetic analysis of the socio-historical factors. The main conclusion consists in representation of the working model of structuring the mechanisms of ethnic self-identification, indicated within the framework of the phenomenon of ethnographic reality alongside the periodization of its current situation. The scientific novelty is underlined by the circle of topical questions, formulated around the problem of interaction of the small ethnic groups of Taymyr Peninsula and the prevailing Russian cultural system. Author’s special contribution into the research is the intend for further discussion of the various aspects of life of the indigenous population of Taymyr and Siberia in the context of realization of the government program “Social and Economic Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation until the Year 2020”.

Keywords: Ethnography of the Russian North, Multiculturological environment, Ethnos, model of cultural collisions, cultural system, Dominants of a cultural system, Ethnographic reality, Intersubjectivity, ethnocultural identity, Globalization

Abstract: Object of research - possibilities of the Russian philosophy of the Silver age for designing of the modern Russian metaphysical project. Categories and terms in which social ideals of the Russian philosophy are shown are analyzed. For the analysis concepts of solidarity, the substantive figure are chosen. The concept "solidarity" is connected in Russian of philosophy with ideas of socialism, it is developed in that branch of the Russian philosophy which goes from A.I. Herzen, M. A. Bakunin. At the end of the XIX century the western philosophical terms underwent big change in the Russian intellectual environment. They were filled with the contents connected with moral values which in the Russian religious philosophy have absolute character. It is represented that such new concepts were developed by S. N. Bulgakov and N. O. Lossky. In the context of the metaphysical project of Russia N. O. Lossky's concept "the substantive figure" attracts attention. As the main method of research the categorial and conceptual analysis of philosophical texts Russian of thinkers of XIX - the first third of the XX centuries acts. The method of allocation of concepts, the conceptual analysis is used. Elements of the methodological strategy connected with allocation of ideal types are applied (according to M. Weber). It is represented that the term "substantive figure" can be used for modeling "we - identity" the Russian nation. On the one hand, this term doesn't bear the impress of any old ideology (neither class, nor chauvinistic). On the other hand, the community of substantive figures who have special general aspirations and special forms of creative activity, is the concept building positive Russian collective identity. Various forms of communication among themselves of substantive figures are various interethnic and interfaith communications which form the uniform Russian nation. By means of a concept "the substantive figure" it is possible to speak about unity of the subject and object of knowledge as the knowledge in that case is each process of communication the substatsnialnykh of figures. All uniform Space is included in processes of knowledge and self-knowledge through creative cooperation of the substantive figures (from atom to the Universe, from the person as difficult organism to planetary mankind).Thus, the metaphysical project of Russia, set of its ideals it has to be shown in language and by means of the concepts developed in the Russian philosophy of the Silver age. Not up to the end opened potential of the Russian philosophy will allow to show various conceptual installations. Its rich conceptual framework promotes system registration of our metaphysical project and its presentation outside.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the process of socio-cultural development. In particular, the author focuses on the drivers of this process and cultural interaction as one of the main driverrs. The article presents the analysis of cultural changes driven by the dialogue with the other culture and shows contradictory nature of such changes. Cultural ideas, experience and knowledge conveyed in the process of the dialogue of cultures are subject to new interpretation and 'readings' in a new cultural environment. As a result, they may get a different meaning so what was perceived by the recipient culture is exposed to innovation-driven development. The process of inerpretation of perceived traditions may either change these traditions completely or make them very different from the original ones.  The dialogue of cultures include transmission of cultural elements from one culture into another, their 'absorbtion' in another culture, creaton of creative work in the manner of another culture, synthesis of the 'ours' and 'theirs', the 'original' and 'adopted' and formation of something completely new.  As the dialogue of cultures develop, elements of the other culture lose their exotic nature. As soon as 'theirs' is undestood, it is absorbed by the 'ours' and expand the borders of our culture. 

Keywords: influence of culture, dialogue of culture, change of system, interpretation, culture making, intercultural exchange, multi-culturalism, paradigm of culture, development, tradition

Abstract: The article discusses the history and philosophical content of the messianic myth of "Moscow – the Third Rome" in connection with the formation of national identity, analyzing the situation in which the idea of messianism, religious providential give rise to the phenomenon of false national consciousness, become the argument of imperial ideology, provoke confrontation between the authorities and society. Study of the problem is included in the context of the history of Russian social thought. Turning to the analysis of national messianism metaphysics, the author reveals the vectors of influence idea of Moscow as the Third Rome, the problematic field of native philosophy at those intersections with myths Historiosophical problems that become points of growth or, conversely, "traps" in the development of Russian philosophy of history and philosophy in whole. Special attention is paid to the process of transformation of Russian messianism in missianstvo what happened to mythologeme "Moscow – the Third Rome" in the middle of the XIX century, when the leading motives philosophical research was to find the cultural relations between Russia and Europe under the sign of ideas «XIX century belongs to Russia!".

Keywords: messianism, national identity, false nationalism, 'chosen nation', sovereignty, Russian Raskol, meaning of history, idea of messianism, national-universal, eschatology

Abstract: This article explains that Russia's national purpose is inseparable from the ideals of Russian culture and Russian philosophy, the imperative behind the Russian government's transition to noospheric-environmental socialism. The history of Russia is the process of the super-conscious and the conscious, the semi-conscious and the unconscious, the adequate and the distorted personification of the spirit of the people of the nation into particular social ideas and statehood. Each successive government configuration of the Russian national purpose in some way contains the historical experience of previous forms. Russian national values must lie at the heart of the national purpose of Russia and its ideology; alongside national values are the basic objectives of the national strategy and goals of achieving a decent quality of life for Russians, government priorities to support the Russian family, honest labor and morality of national existence. Finally, the national purpose must be supported by the democratic foundations of the Russian state, which will come about as the result of personal choice and the development of modern Russia.

Keywords: Russian ethnicity, noosphere, cosmism, national purpose, national self-identity, nation, civilization