Abstract: The object of this study is the modern social reality, the appearance of which is formed by the creation, use and improvement of new communicative technologies. The subject of the study is the socio-ontological foundations of the influence of new communication technologies on the processes of socialization of the individual in the information society. The purpose of this work is to identify and comprehend the socio-ontological features of those transformations of communicative reality that are characteristic of the current state of the development of the information society. The methodological foundation of this work is the methods and approaches to considering the communicative specifics of the information society, developed by such researchers as M. Castells, L.Floridi, F. Webster and others, as well as representatives of domestic socio-philosophical studies of this issue. In the course of the research, the author used hermeneutical and analytical-interpretive methods, and involved the means of conceptual analysis. The scientific novelty of the work consists in revealing the socio-ontological content of the influence of new communication technologies on the communication architecture of the developing information society, in assessing the socio-philosophical tasks arising in connection with the ongoing changes. The key conclusion of the study is that the heterogeneity of social and technological transformations that shape the image of a society called information society necessitates a pluralistic approach to the conceptualization of its ontological features and the importance of critical reflection of the conceptual units used.

Keywords: informatization, intensification of communicative processes, information culture, communicative technologies, society of knowledge, social ontology, socialization, communication, digitalization, information society

Abstract: The subject of the study is the madness in psychoanalysis. The author considers the problem of naturalistic and phenomenological understanding of the subject of madness in psychoanalysis of Z. Freud and in the existential psychoanalysis of L. Binswanger. The methodological basis is the psychoanalysis of Z. Freud, M. Heidegger's ontology and E. Husserl's phenomenology. L. Binswanger's critique of classical psychoanalysis is presented. The key differences of the definition of the subject in L. Binswanger's existential psychoanalysis are formulated. Naturalism is criticized for the lack of integrity in the consideration of man. Existential analysis is based on the idea that human existence is primary. To reduce a person's life to his drives and instincts means to deprive him of Humanity. L. Binswanger goes further than Z. Freud in his anthropology, arguing that man is more than a being thrown into the cycle of life and death, he can face his fate, the fate of humanity, he not only obeys the forces of life, but can also influence them by changing his fate. Mental health and illness are a reflection of this duality of being – acceptance of the given and individual choice. Madness is a rejection of transcendence, self–isolation in a self–created world-project, when both external and internal are only acting out its scenario, and the freedom of being is avoided, because it appears as a harbinger of non-existence.

Keywords: Binswanger, Dasein, subject, madness, philosophy of psychiatry, psychoanalysis, existential psychoanalysis, phenomenology, objectivism, naturalism

Abstract: This article considers the search for a specific form of rational thinking about the future to be the subject of research. The object of research, in this regard, is rational thinking in the specifics of its essential characteristics and historical and philosophical forms of manifestation. Ecosystem rationality is proposed and substantiated as a relevant rationality as the methodological position. This study uses the following research methods: system analysis, which provides a holistic vision of a person from the perspective of his activities. This method proposes the concept of ecosystem rationality. System analysis is supplemented in the article by a comparison method, when different types of rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical) are considered in the potential possibilities of their forms to think about the social reality of the future. Based on the generalization of literature, the article captures the tendency of the formation of ecosystem rationality as the form of modern post-non-classical rational thinking that meets the specifics of the study of modern social reality and its future manifestations. The concept is developed, the main characteristics are given, the specific purpose of ecosystem rationality is determined, which, while remaining scientific (that is, showing a rational path to truth), goes beyond the scope of science alone and, based on its epistemological criteria, offers rational ways of thinking about sociality in general. This rational thinking has the ability to be directed to the multi-vector and non-linear nature of social development, the facet nature of a theoretical view that can grasp the network state of the present as a harbinger of the future.

Keywords: future thinking, ecosystem rationality, post-non-classical rationality, non-classical rationality, classical rationality, foresight, futures studies, rationality, ecosystem, ecosophy

Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the variants of the meaning of the scientific categories "image of the future" and "image of the city". The subject of the study is the process of forming the conceptual certainty of these stable phrases. Hermeneutical analysis acts as its leading method, aimed at identifying the meanings in which the analyzed phrases are used. Comparative analysis allows us to establish the heuristic potential of the concepts "image of the future" and "image of the city" used in one study. In the article, the author examines the emergence of the analyzed concepts in the second half of the 20th century, their functioning in various scientific contexts. Special attention is paid to their heuristic potential within the framework of social philosophy. The scientific novelty of the study consists in distinguishing four meanings of the concept of "image of the city" – as "image of a real city", in which, based on personal impressions, a generalized representation is formed that captures the uniqueness of a particular urban space, "artistic image of the city" captured in painting, literature, cinema, music, "stereotypical image of the city" as generalized-the normative idea of a well-known, historically significant city, and the "philosophical image of the city" as a speculative model of human settlement, the main parameters of which are socially determined. The main conclusions of the behavioral research concern the possibility of considering the image of the city as an element of the image of the future, capturing ideas about society, its structure, economy, politics, spiritual practices, social expectations of the time in which it is created. The author of the article suggests considering the study of the image of the city as one of the methods of studying the images of the future.

Keywords: appearance of the city, geopoetic image, cultural landscape, future studies, cities of the future, future, social expectations, image of the city, image of the future, prospection

Abstract: The origin of Modern Indian ethical thought is described in the article. The author depicts the genesis of ethics as originated from the works by key personalities of the Bengal Renaissance XIX – early XX century. The juxtaposition with traditional Indian thought permits to present the intellectual process in Modern Bengal elite minds as ‘discovery of morality’. Based on hermeneutic analysis of the texts on moral problematics from Rammohun Roy and the Brahmo Samaj thinkers to Krishnamohun Banerjea, the author reconstructs the becoming of Indian ethical thought in the context of their striving for the moral regeneration of traditional society. For the first time the genesis and becoming of thinking of Indian intellectuals about morality in its connections with the present condition of social decline in colonial India are disclosed in the research. The experience of Bengal thinkers of 1815–1870th demonstrates the solution of super-task to find ethics in ancient sacred texts and next to build religiously based ethics. The super-task had been settled by the method of interpretation that permits to see high moral precepts in high faith in One God of original religion as it opposed to polytheistic Hinduism. The result of applying the method was embodied in the creative and high conception of Hindu morality based on ethical God Creator. The Bengal thinkers are firmly convinced that displaced into periphery of Hindus’ consciousness morality as a code of normative ethics must be revived and turned into leading imperatives of consciousness of people.

Keywords: Rammohun Roy, monotheism, dharma, tradition, sacred scriptures, morality, ethics, the Bengal Renaissance, Modern Indian philosophy, The Brahmo Samaj thinkers