Abstract: The article gives a brief overview of the main trends of constructivism and describes continuity and interaction between these trends in the process of their development. In the process of phenomenological analysis, the author highlights the key constructs which create the basis for these trends and serve as their conceptual elements. These constructs are called "constructivist models of philosophy". The author of the article suggests an optimal method of classifying them in three ways depending on the subject and method of philosophy: constructivist models of phenomenology, evolutionism and structuralism. These areas are the basis for the formation of the methodological principles of constructivism.

Keywords: subject, cognition process, philosophy model, Constructivism, autopoiesis

Abstract: Based on some F. I. Girenko's ideas expressed in his work 'The Pleasure of Thinking in Another Way', the author reconstructs the conceptual system of post-modernism philosophy using definitions and terms suggested by Girenko and revealing their positive ethical sense. The author describes the historical and philosophical environment where the first Post-Modernity concepts were created by structuralism and under the influence of Henri Bergson's, Georges Bataille's, Pierre Klossowski's and Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas. Discussing the basic and quite popular Post-Modernism concepts such as mircophysics of power, hermeneutics of a subject, simulacrum, difference, repetition, communication and a sign, the author proves the thesis about continuity of Post-Modernity and Friedrich Nietzsche's ethics. Post-Modernity ethics adopted the flaming optimism of repsonsibility and freedom from Nietzsche's ethics: if the reality is created by signs and the process of its perception is nothing else but the process of interpretation of the signs around us, then we actually deserve what happens to us in our life, for it is in our power to develop a fair and harmonic interpretation of the world! 

Keywords: Post-Modernity, ethics, simulacrum, sign, mircophysics of power, hermeneutics of a subject, difference, communication, eternal return, discourse

Abstract: The subject of the article is the New Naturalism conception in human research. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the merits of this approach to anthropology. Naturalism is a cognitive principle in philosophical anthropology stressing out human identity in evolution of forms of biological life. Acording to the founders of the conception (Sheffer and others), it is far from being the reductionism. In his research the author of the article uses a comparative method and a historical approach that is based on the concept of global evolutionism. A number of researchers devoted to the Naturalism conception remind us that not all cultural traditions are founded on the  dichotomy  of culture and nature. It is typical mostly for Europeans. In the long run, this stereotype gave birth to the global problems of industrial civilization that are so difficult to be solved now. Naturalism approach allows to avoid the binary opposition between nature and culture. The results of this research can be used in a course of general philosophy, human research, philosophy of science and researches of new scientific paradigms. 

Keywords: human, phenomenology, cartesianism, human exemptionalism, conciousness, world perception

Abstract: Recently the contiguity of different spheres in social and humanitarian sciences, for instance, sociology of culure and social cultural studies,  has been the hypostasis in creating unified polyparadigmal principles of studying socio-cultural environment. The article reveals some opportunities of the most appreciated (from the point of science) contiguity of modern sociology of culture and social cultural studies in their search for the 'methodological ideal' and actualization of the object field where special attention is paid at the relations between culture, society and human. The author of the article makes an emphasis on discovering the  main approaches to the subject-specific peculiarities of sociology of culture. It is concluded that it is not enough to include only cultural phenomena as the object and subject of sociology of culture. On the other hand, it is admitted that it is very important to study the relations between society, human and culture from the point of view of modern sociology of culture. The author also discusses peculiarities of social cultural studies aimed at studying cultural phenomena from the point of view of social studies. 

Keywords: Culture, Society, Human, Sociology of Culture, Social Cultural Studies, Values, Standards, Methodological Ideal, Social Issues, Spiritual Life

Abstract: The given article analyses the disciplinary status of Philosophy of Science as the science from the point of it’s regarding to Epistemology. The author of the arti-cle examines the supporter’s arguments according to the including Philosophy of Science into Epistemology as an essential part. The idea of Philosophy of Science and Epistemology examining as two close sciences in methodological and disci-pline meaning, between which there should not be any essential distinctions, is criticizing in this article. The position according to which Philosophy of Science originates from the definite stage of the science development appears as the historical and critical alternative for epistemological projecting of the science development.

Keywords: philosophy of science, epistemology, history of science, critics, relfexion, constructivism, research program

Abstract: This article looks at the key points of A.I. Gerzen's historico-philosophical views about "uncombed improvisation of history", about the problem of variability of the historical process and the impact of coincidence and purposeful human actions on this process. These ideas are interpreted by the author in relation to modern socio-philosophical knowledge.

Keywords: philosophy, history, non-linearity, historical improvisation, coincidence, possibility, chaos, order, progress, man