Abstract: The object of the study is the novel "The Last Day" by the Lebanese writer Mikhail Naimy. The subject of the study was the "dialectic of the soul" and "stream of consciousness", that is, techniques for describing the human condition borrowed from Leo Tolstoy masterpieces. For one day, the soul of Musa al-Askari overcomes severe suffering, it dies and is reborn in a new form. A small person turns into a strong personality. Psychological techniques for describing borderline human states, taken from Fyodor Dostoevsky, also helped the Lebanese writer to reveal the depths of the hero's personality. The scientific novelty of the article is that the Russian writers' techniques are found in the little-studied Arabic novel "The Last Day" that is an illustration of the Russian literature influence on Arab culture. For the first time in Russian literary study, this novel is analyzed from the "dialectic of the soul" perspective. The research was conducted on the basis of historical, literary, comparative methods, using scientific methods of observation and description, analysis and synthesis. As a result, it is noted that the novel narrative is organized according to the psychological realism, in which there is a psychological analysis passed through the stream of consciousness, an internal monologue and the dialectic of the soul. The authors conclude that Naimy took a humanistic approach and a special psychological manner of narration from Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky's works, to convincingly prove that a person is a fine–tuned mechanism, that kindness will save the world, and the secret of happiness lies in serving people. The practical significance of the research is that its results develop the topic of cultural ties between Lebanon and Russia. The article contributes to the development of Arabic literature, which remains poorly studied by Russian literary study.

Keywords: psychological analysis, Sufi philosophy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, little man, dialectics of the soul, Mikhail Naimy, Arabic literature, stream of consciousness, Russian literature

Abstract: The subject of the research in this article is subordinate conjunctions in the Russian language, such as "if", "once", "for now", "to" and others that are used in the illocutionary function. The peculiarity of these conjunctions is that they establish a relationship between the proposition of one predicative unit and the illocutionary component of the semantics of another predicative unit, transmitting additional meanings related to the target attitude of the utterance and the conditions of its success. In such constructions, one of the valences of the union can be implicitly expressed. This aspect of the use of subordinate unions was noted by T.A. Kolosova in the late 1970s and has since become an object of interest to a number of linguists, including E.V. Paducheva, L.N. Jordanskaya, V.Z. Sannikov and O.E. Pekelis. The present study is aimed at identifying the features of the illocutionary function of subordinate unions, as well as systematization and generalization of existing scientific data on this topic. The research uses methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive and interpretative methods, as well as system analysis, which allows us to identify the communicative and functional features of the studied unions. The novelty of this article lies in the fact that the author contributes to the systematization of knowledge about subordinate unions in their illocutionary function. In contrast to the traditional approach, in which conjunctions are considered primarily as means of communication between propositions, this study emphasizes their ability to influence the perception and interpretation of a statement. The work reveals three main functions of conjunctions in complex constructions: the expression of the illocutionary purpose of the utterance, compliance with the conditions of its success and justification of the speech act performed in the main sentence. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the contribution to the theory of complex sentences, communicative and functional linguistics, the syntax of the Russian language as a whole, as well as in the possibility of using its results in subsequent scientific research on the stated problems and in university courses on the syntax and stylistics of the modern Russian language.

Keywords: statement justification, the success of a speech act, illocutionary function, speech act, semantic valence, nonverbal valence, incomplete sentence, implicity, illocutionary usage, subordinating conjunctions